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Book: Diabetic nephropathy

Gnudi, Luigi / Long, David A.

methods and protocols

(Methods in molecular biology ; 2067 ; Springer protocols)

2020

Author's details	edited by Luigi Gnudi, David A. Long
Series title	Methods in molecular biology ; 2067 Springer protocols
Collection
Language	English
Size	xiii, 342 Seiten, Illustrationen
Publisher	Humana Press
Publishing place	New York, NY
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Book
HBZ-ID	HT020305954
ISBN	978-1-4939-9840-1 ; 9781493998418 ; 1-4939-9840-4 ; 1493998412
Database	Catalogue ZB MED Medicine, Health

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Article ; Online: Renal disease in patients with type 2 diabetes: Magnitude of the problem, risk factors and preventive strategies.

Gnudi, Luigi

Presse medicale (Paris, France : 1983)

2022 Volume 52, Issue 1, Page(s) 104159

MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/epidemiology ; Risk Factors ; Kidney Diseases ; Diabetic Nephropathies/prevention & control
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-12-21
Publishing country	France
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	120943-7
ISSN	2213-0276 ; 0032-7867 ; 0755-4982 ; 0301-1518
ISSN (online)	2213-0276
ISSN	0032-7867 ; 0755-4982 ; 0301-1518
DOI	10.1016/j.lpm.2022.104159
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Article: The Pillars for Renal Disease Treatment in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes.

Kearney, Jessica / Gnudi, Luigi

Pharmaceutics

2023 Volume 15, Issue 5

Abstract: The diabetes epidemic and the increasing number of patients with diabetic chronic vascular complications poses a significant challenge to health care providers. Diabetic kidney disease is a serious diabetes-mediated chronic vascular complication and ... ...

Abstract	The diabetes epidemic and the increasing number of patients with diabetic chronic vascular complications poses a significant challenge to health care providers. Diabetic kidney disease is a serious diabetes-mediated chronic vascular complication and represents a significant burden for both patients and society in general. Diabetic kidney disease not only represents the major cause of end stage renal disease but is also paralleled by an increase in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Any interventions to delay the development and progression of diabetic kidney disease are important to reduce the associated cardiovascular burden. In this review we will discuss five therapeutic tools for the prevention and treatment of diabetic kidney disease: drugs inhibiting the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, statins, the more recently recognized sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors, glucagon-like peptide 1 agonists, and a novel non-steroidal selective mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-27
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2527217-2
ISSN	1999-4923
ISSN	1999-4923
DOI	10.3390/pharmaceutics15051343
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Article ; Online: Diabetic kidney disease in type 1 diabetes: challenges and differences from type 2 diabetes.

Popovic, Djordje S / Patoulias, Dimitrios / Gnudi, Luigi / Mantzoros, Christos S

Metabolism: clinical and experimental

2023 Volume 151, Page(s) 155763

MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications ; Diabetic Nephropathies/etiology ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/complications ; Hypoglycemic Agents ; Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors ; Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor
Chemical Substances	Hypoglycemic Agents ; Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors ; Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-19
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Editorial
ZDB-ID	80230-x
ISSN	1532-8600 ; 0026-0495
ISSN (online)	1532-8600
ISSN	0026-0495
DOI	10.1016/j.metabol.2023.155763
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Article ; Online: Kidney disease in diabetes: From mechanisms to clinical presentation and treatment strategies.

Ricciardi, Carlo Alberto / Gnudi, Luigi

Metabolism: clinical and experimental

2021 Volume 124, Page(s) 154890

Abstract: Metabolic and haemodynamic perturbations and their interaction drive the development of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) and its progression towards end stage renal disease (ESRD). Increased mitochondrial oxidative stress has been proposed as the central ... ...

Abstract	Metabolic and haemodynamic perturbations and their interaction drive the development of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) and its progression towards end stage renal disease (ESRD). Increased mitochondrial oxidative stress has been proposed as the central mechanism in the pathophysiology of DKD, but other mechanisms have been implicated. In parallel to increased oxidative stress, inflammation, cell apoptosis and tissue fibrosis drive the relentless progressive loss of kidney function affecting both the glomerular filtration barrier and the renal tubulointerstitium. Alteration of glomerular capillary autoregulation is at the basis of glomerular hypertension, an important pathogenetic mechanism for DKD. Clinical presentation of DKD can vary. Its classical presentation, often seen in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1DM), features hyperfiltration and albuminuria followed by progressive fall in renal function. Patients can often also present with atypical features characterised by progressive reduction in renal function without albuminuria, others in conjunction with non-diabetes related pathologies making the diagnosis, at times, challenging. Metabolic, lipid and blood pressure control with lifestyle interventions are crucial in reducing the progressive renal function decline seen in DKD. The prevention and management of DKD (and parallel cardiovascular disease) is a huge global challenge and therapies that target haemodynamic perturbations, such as inhibitors of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) and SGLT2 inhibitors, have been most successful.
MeSH term(s)	Apoptosis/physiology ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/physiopathology ; Diabetic Nephropathies/diagnosis ; Diabetic Nephropathies/physiopathology ; Hemodynamics/physiology ; Humans ; Inflammation/physiopathology ; Oxidative Stress/physiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-09-22
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
ZDB-ID	80230-x
ISSN	1532-8600 ; 0026-0495
ISSN (online)	1532-8600
ISSN	0026-0495
DOI	10.1016/j.metabol.2021.154890
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Article ; Online: Vascular growth factors as potential new treatment in cardiorenal syndrome in diabetes.

Ricciardi, Carlo Alberto / Gnudi, Luigi

European journal of clinical investigation

2021 Volume 51, Issue 9, Page(s) e13579

Abstract: Background: Cardiorenal syndrome in diabetes is characterised by alterations of the cardiovascular system paralleled by kidney disease with progressive renal function decline. In diabetes, chronic metabolic and haemodynamic perturbations drive ... ...

Abstract	Background: Cardiorenal syndrome in diabetes is characterised by alterations of the cardiovascular system paralleled by kidney disease with progressive renal function decline. In diabetes, chronic metabolic and haemodynamic perturbations drive endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, oxidative stress and progressive tissue fibrosis which, in turn, lead to heart and renal anatomo-functional damage. In physiology, vascular growth factors have been implicated in vascular homeostasis; their imbalance, in disease setting such as diabetes, leads to vascular dysfunction and cardiorenal damage. Aims: To define the role of vascular growth factors and angiopoietins in cardiorenal syndrome. Material and methods: We will focus on the two most studied vascular growth factors, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and angiopoietins (Angpt). The balance and crosstalk between these growth factors are important in organ development and in the maintenance of a healthy vasculature, heart and kidney. The observed alterations in expression/function of these vascular growth factors, as seen in diabetes, are a protective response against external perturbations. Results: The chronic insults driving diabetes-mediated cardiorenal damage results in a paradoxical situation, whereby the vascular growth factors imbalance becomes a mechanism of disease. Studies have explored the possibility of modulating the expression/action of vascular growth factors to improve disease outcome. Experimental work has been conducted in animals and has been gradually translated in humans. Discussion: Difficulties have been encountered especially when considering the magnitude, timing and duration of interventions targeting a selective vascular growth factor. Targeting VEGF in cardiovascular disease has been challenging, while modulation of the Angpt system seems more promising. Conclusion: Future studies will establish the translatability of therapies targeting vascular growth factors for heart and kidney disease in patients with diabetes.
MeSH term(s)	Angiopoietins/metabolism ; Cardio-Renal Syndrome/metabolism ; Cardio-Renal Syndrome/physiopathology ; Diabetes Complications/metabolism ; Diabetes Complications/physiopathology ; Diabetes Mellitus/metabolism ; Diabetes Mellitus/physiopathology ; Diabetic Cardiomyopathies/metabolism ; Diabetic Cardiomyopathies/physiopathology ; Diabetic Nephropathies/metabolism ; Diabetic Nephropathies/physiopathology ; Endothelium, Vascular/physiopathology ; Humans ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Angiopoietins ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-05-03
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	186196-7
ISSN	1365-2362 ; 0014-2972 ; 0960-135X
ISSN (online)	1365-2362
ISSN	0014-2972 ; 0960-135X
DOI	10.1111/eci.13579
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Article ; Online: Angiopoietins and diabetic nephropathy.

Gnudi, Luigi

Diabetologia

2016 Volume 59, Issue 8, Page(s) 1616–1620

Abstract: Diabetic nephropathy is the main cause of end-stage renal failure in the Western world. In diabetes, metabolic and haemodynamic perturbations disrupt the integrity of the glomerular filtration barrier, leading to ultrastructural alterations of the ... ...

Abstract	Diabetic nephropathy is the main cause of end-stage renal failure in the Western world. In diabetes, metabolic and haemodynamic perturbations disrupt the integrity of the glomerular filtration barrier, leading to ultrastructural alterations of the glomeruli, including podocyte foot process fusion and detachment, glomerular basement membrane thickening, reduced endothelial cell glycocalyx, and mesangial extracellular matrix accumulation and glomerulosclerosis, ultimately leading to albuminuria and end-stage renal disease. Many vascular growth factors, such as angiopoietins, are implicated in glomerular biology. In normal physiology angiopoietins regulate the function of the glomerular filtration barrier. When they are dysregulated, however, as they are in diabetes, they drive the cellular mechanisms that mediate diabetic glomerular pathology. Modulation of angiopoietins expression and signalling has been proposed as a tool to correct the cellular mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology of diabetic microvascular disease, such as retinopathy in humans. Future work might evaluate whether this novel therapeutic approach should be extended to diabetic kidney disease.
MeSH term(s)	Albuminuria/metabolism ; Albuminuria/pathology ; Angiopoietins/metabolism ; Animals ; Diabetic Nephropathies/metabolism ; Diabetic Nephropathies/pathology ; Endothelial Cells/metabolism ; Humans ; Kidney Glomerulus/metabolism ; Kidney Glomerulus/pathology
Chemical Substances	Angiopoietins
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-08
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	1694-9
ISSN	1432-0428 ; 0012-186X
ISSN (online)	1432-0428
ISSN	0012-186X
DOI	10.1007/s00125-016-3995-3
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Article ; Online: A new chance to beat diabetic kidney disease: innate immunity and MCP-1: a matter of good and bad macrophages?

Gnudi, Luigi

Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association

2015 Volume 30, Issue 4, Page(s) 525–527

Language	English
Publishing date	2015-04
Publishing country	England
Document type	Comment ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	90594-x
ISSN	1460-2385 ; 0931-0509
ISSN (online)	1460-2385
ISSN	0931-0509
DOI	10.1093/ndt/gfv053
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Article ; Online: The endoplasmic reticulum stress and the unfolded protein response in kidney disease: Implications for vascular growth factors.

Ricciardi, Carlo Alberto / Gnudi, Luigi

Journal of cellular and molecular medicine

2020 Volume 24, Issue 22, Page(s) 12910–12919

Abstract: Acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) represent an important challenge for healthcare providers. The identification of new biomarkers/pharmacological targets for kidney disease is required for the development of more effective ... ...

Abstract	Acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) represent an important challenge for healthcare providers. The identification of new biomarkers/pharmacological targets for kidney disease is required for the development of more effective therapies. Several studies have shown the importance of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in the pathophysiology of AKI and CKD. ER is a cellular organelle devolved to protein biosynthesis and maturation, and cellular detoxification processes which are activated in response to an insult. This review aimed to dissect the cellular response to ER stress which manifests with activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR) with its major branches, namely PERK, IRE1α, ATF6 and the interplay between ER and mitochondria in the pathophysiology of kidney disease. Further, we will discuss the relationship between mediators of renal injury (with specific focus on vascular growth factors) and ER stress and UPR in the pathophysiology of both AKI and CKD with the aim to propose potential new targets for treatment for kidney disease.
MeSH term(s)	Acute Kidney Injury/metabolism ; Angiopoietins/metabolism ; Animals ; Endoplasmic Reticulum/metabolism ; Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress ; Epidermal Growth Factor/metabolism ; Fibroblast Growth Factors/metabolism ; Golgi Apparatus/metabolism ; Humans ; Kidney/metabolism ; Kidney Diseases/metabolism ; Mitochondria/metabolism ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/metabolism ; Unfolded Protein Response ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Angiopoietins ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; Fibroblast Growth Factors (62031-54-3) ; Epidermal Growth Factor (62229-50-9)
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-10-16
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
ZDB-ID	2074559-X
ISSN	1582-4934 ; 1582-4934 ; 1582-1838
ISSN (online)	1582-4934
ISSN	1582-4934 ; 1582-1838
DOI	10.1111/jcmm.15999
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Article ; Online: Reduced Levels of the Antiaging Hormone Klotho are Associated With Increased Aortic Stiffness in Diabetic Kidney Disease.

Fountoulakis, Nikolaos / Psefteli, Paraskevi-Maria / Maltese, Giuseppe / Gnudi, Luigi / Siow, Richard C / Karalliedde, Janaka

Kidney international reports

2023 Volume 8, Issue 7, Page(s) 1380–1388

Abstract: Introduction: Aortic pulse wave velocity (Ao-PWV) predicts cardiovascular and kidney disease in type 2 diabetes (T2D). Klotho is a circulating antiaging hormone (sKlotho) with putative cardiorenal protective effects. The relationship between sKlotho and ...

Abstract	Introduction: Aortic pulse wave velocity (Ao-PWV) predicts cardiovascular and kidney disease in type 2 diabetes (T2D). Klotho is a circulating antiaging hormone (sKlotho) with putative cardiorenal protective effects. The relationship between sKlotho and Ao-PWV in diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is unknown. Methods: In a cross-sectional cohort study, the correlation of sKlotho measured by a validated immunoassay, and Ao-PWV measured by applanation tonometry, was investigated in 172 participants with T2D and early stage DKD (all had estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] >45 ml/min) on stable renin angiotensin system (RAS) inhibition. In cultured human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMCs) stimulated with angiotensin II (AngII), the effects of recombinant human sKlotho pretreatment were assessed on intracellular calcium ([Ca Results: Mean (range) age of the cohort was 61.3 years (40-82) and 65% were male. Mean (±SD) Ao-PWV was 11.4 (±2.3) m/s, eGFR 78.8 (±23.5) and median (interquartile range) sKlotho of 358.5 (194.2-706.3) pg/ml. In multivariable linear regression analyses, we observed a statistically significant inverse relationship between sKlotho and Ao-PWV, which was independent of clinical risk factors for cardiorenal disease. Pretreatment of cultured HASMC with sKlotho significantly attenuated AngII-stimulated [Ca Conclusions: In individuals with T2D and early DKD, lower levels of sKlotho are associated with increased Ao-PWV. Taken together with the direct effect of sKlotho on mediators of aortic wall stiffness
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-30
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2468-0249
ISSN (online)	2468-0249
DOI	10.1016/j.ekir.2023.04.021
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