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  1. Book ; Online ; E-Book: How to Reduce Overuse in Healthcare

    Patey, Andrea M. / Kool, Tijn / van Dulmen, Simone / Grimshaw, Jeremy M.

    A Practical Guide

    2023  

    Author's details edited by Tijn Kool
    Language English
    Size 1 online resource (243 pages)
    Edition 1st ed.
    Publisher John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated
    Publishing place Newark
    Document type Book ; Online ; E-Book
    Remark Zugriff für angemeldete ZB MED-Nutzerinnen und -Nutzer
    ISBN 1-119-86275-2 ; 1-119-86273-6 ; 9781119862727 ; 978-1-119-86275-8 ; 978-1-119-86273-4 ; 1119862728
    Database ZB MED Catalogue: Medicine, Health, Nutrition, Environment, Agriculture

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  2. Article ; Online: The construction and use of cognitive maps in model-based control.

    Karagoz, Ata B / Reagh, Zachariah M / Kool, Wouter

    Journal of experimental psychology. General

    2023  Volume 153, Issue 2, Page(s) 372–385

    Abstract: When making decisions, we sometimes rely on habit and at other times plan toward goals. Planning requires the construction and use of an internal representation of the environment, a cognitive map. How are these maps constructed, and how do they guide ... ...

    Abstract When making decisions, we sometimes rely on habit and at other times plan toward goals. Planning requires the construction and use of an internal representation of the environment, a cognitive map. How are these maps constructed, and how do they guide goal-directed decisions? We coupled a sequential decision-making task with a behavioral representational similarity analysis approach to examine how relationships between choice options change when people build a cognitive map of the task structure. We found that participants who encoded stronger higher-order relationships among choice options showed increased planning and better performance. These higher-order relationships were more strongly encoded among objects encountered in high-reward contexts, indicating a role for motivation during cognitive map construction. In contrast, lower-order relationships such as simple visual co-occurrence of objects did not predict goal-directed planning. These results show that the construction of cognitive maps is an active process, with motivation dictating the degree to which higher-order relationships are encoded and used for planning. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Motivation ; Reward ; Cognition
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-12-07
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 189732-9
    ISSN 1939-2222 ; 0096-3445
    ISSN (online) 1939-2222
    ISSN 0096-3445
    DOI 10.1037/xge0001491
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article: SWI/SNF-deficient tumors of the central nervous system: An update.

    Hasselblatt, Martin / Kool, Marcel / Frühwald, Michael C

    Clinical neuropathology

    2023  Volume 43, Issue 1, Page(s) 2–9

    Abstract: Atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor (AT/RT) is a highly malignant tumor of the central nervous system characterized by biallelic inactivation of SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex members SMARCB1/INI1 or (rarely) SMARCA4/BRG1. Most high-grade central ... ...

    Abstract Atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor (AT/RT) is a highly malignant tumor of the central nervous system characterized by biallelic inactivation of SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex members SMARCB1/INI1 or (rarely) SMARCA4/BRG1. Most high-grade central nervous system lesions showing loss of nuclear SMARCB1 or SMARCA4 protein expression can indeed be categorized as AT/RT. However, some high-grade lesions have been identified, whose clinical and/or molecular features justify separation from AT/RT. Furthermore, other recently described tumor types such as desmoplastic myxoid tumor, SMARCB1-mutant, and low-grade diffusely infiltrative tumor, SMARCB1-mutant, may even manifest as low-grade lesions. Here, we review recent developments in the definition of the molecular landscape of AT/RT and give an update on other rare high- and low-grade SWI/SNF-deficient central nervous system tumors.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; SMARCB1 Protein/genetics ; Rhabdoid Tumor/genetics ; Rhabdoid Tumor/pathology ; Neoplasms, Neuroepithelial ; Central Nervous System/pathology ; DNA Helicases/genetics ; Nuclear Proteins/genetics ; Transcription Factors/genetics
    Chemical Substances SMARCB1 Protein ; SMARCA4 protein, human (EC 3.6.1.-) ; DNA Helicases (EC 3.6.4.-) ; Nuclear Proteins ; Transcription Factors
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-11-16
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Review ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 603167-5
    ISSN 0722-5091
    ISSN 0722-5091
    DOI 10.5414/NP301594
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article: Evidence for shallow cognitive maps in schizophrenia.

    Karagoz, Ata B / Moran, Erin K / Barch, Deanna M / Kool, Wouter / Reagh, Zachariah M

    bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology

    2024  

    Abstract: Individuals with schizophrenia can have marked deficits in goal-directed decision making. Prominent theories differ in whether schizophrenia (SZ) affects the ability to exert cognitive control, or the motivation to exert control. An alternative ... ...

    Abstract Individuals with schizophrenia can have marked deficits in goal-directed decision making. Prominent theories differ in whether schizophrenia (SZ) affects the ability to exert cognitive control, or the motivation to exert control. An alternative explanation is that schizophrenia negatively impacts the formation of cognitive maps, the internal representations of the way the world is structured, necessary for the formation of effective action plans. That is, deficits in decision-making could also arise when goal-directed control and motivation are intact, but used to plan over ill-formed maps. Here, we test the hypothesis that individuals with SZ are impaired in the construction of cognitive maps. We combine a behavioral representational similarity analysis technique with a sequential decision-making task. This enables us to examine how relationships between choice options change when individuals with SZ and healthy age-matched controls build a cognitive map of the task structure. Our results indicate that SZ affects how people represent the structure of the task, focusing more on simpler visual features and less on abstract, higher-order, planning-relevant features. At the same time, we find that SZ were able to display similar performance on this task compared to controls, emphasizing the need for a distinction between cognitive map formation and changes in goal-directed control in understanding cognitive deficits in schizophrenia.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-28
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Preprint
    DOI 10.1101/2024.02.26.582214
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Comparing primary caregivers' reported injury data with routinely recorded injury data to assess predictors of childhood injury.

    Ghebreab, Luam / Kool, Bridget / Lee, Arier / Morton, Susan

    BMC medical research methodology

    2023  Volume 23, Issue 1, Page(s) 91

    Abstract: ... showed an increasing trend as children grew older (9% at 9 M to 29% at 54 M). The mothers of children ...

    Abstract Background: Linking self-reported data collected from longitudinal studies with administrative health records is timely and cost-effective, provides the opportunity to augment information contained in each and can offset some of the limitations of both data sources. The aim of this study was to compare maternal-reported child injury data with administrative injury records and assess the level of agreement.
    Methods: A deterministic linkage was undertaken to link injury-related data from the Growing up in New Zealand (GUiNZ) study to routinely collected injury records from New Zealand's Accident Compensation Corporation (ACC) for preschool children. The analyses compared: (i) the characteristics of mothers with linked data vs. those without, (ii) injury incidences from maternal recall with those recorded in ACC injury claims, and (iii) the demographic characteristics of concordant and discordant injury reports, including the validity and reliability of injury records from both data sources.
    Results: Of all mothers who responded to the injury questions in the GUiNZ study (n = 5836), more than 95% (n = 5637) agreed to have their child's record linked to routine administrative health records. The overall discordance in injury reports showed an increasing trend as children grew older (9% at 9 M to 29% at 54 M). The mothers of children with discordance between maternal injury reports and ACC records were more likely to be younger, of Pacific ethnicity, with lower educational attainment, and live in areas of high deprivation (p < 0.001). The level of agreement between maternal injury recall and ACC injury record decreased (κ = 0.83 to κ = 0.42) as the cohort moved through their preschool years.
    Conclusions: In general, the findings of this study identified that there was underreporting and discordance of the maternal injury recall, which varied by the demographic characteristics of mothers and their child's age. Therefore, linking the routinely gathered injury data with maternal self-report child injury data has the potential to augment longitudinal birth cohort study data to investigate risk or protective factors associated with childhood injury.
    MeSH term(s) Female ; Humans ; Child, Preschool ; Cohort Studies ; Reproducibility of Results ; Caregivers ; Mothers ; Longitudinal Studies
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-04-11
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2041362-2
    ISSN 1471-2288 ; 1471-2288
    ISSN (online) 1471-2288
    ISSN 1471-2288
    DOI 10.1186/s12874-023-01900-0
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article: RNA Infrastructure Profiling Illuminates Transcriptome Structure in Crowded Spaces.

    Xiao, Lu / Fang, Linglan / Kool, Eric T

    bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology

    2023  

    Abstract: ... show that acetyl probes provide superior signals for identifying m ...

    Abstract RNAs can fold into compact three-dimensional structures, and most RNAs undergo protein interactions in the cell. These compact and occluded environments can block the ability of structure-probing agents to provide useful data about the folding and modification of the underlying RNA. The development of probes that can analyze structure in crowded settings, and differentiate the proximity of interactions, can shed new light on RNA biology. To this end, here we employ 2'-OH-reactive probes that are small enough to access folded RNA structure underlying many close molecular contacts within cells, providing considerably broader coverage for intracellular RNA structural analysis. We compare reverse transcriptase stops in RNA-Seq data from probes of small and standard size to assess RNA-protein proximity and evaluate solvent-exposed tunnels adjacent to RNA. The data are analyzed first with structurally characterized complexes (human 18S and 28S RNA), and then applied transcriptome-wide to polyadenylated transcripts in HEK293 cells. In our transcriptome profile, the smallest probe acetylimidazole (AcIm) yields 80% greater structural coverage than larger conventional reagent NAIN3, providing enhanced structural information in hundreds of transcripts. We further show that acetyl probes provide superior signals for identifying m
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-10-09
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Preprint
    DOI 10.1101/2023.10.09.561413
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Food selection by the silver leaf monkey,Trachypithecus auratus sondaicus, in relation to plant chemistry.

    Kool, K M

    Oecologia

    2017  Volume 90, Issue 4, Page(s) 527–533

    Abstract: Samples of leaves and fruits exploited as food items byTrachypithecus auratus sondaicus were analysed for nitrogen content, acid detergent fibre (ADF), pepsin cellulase digestibility (CDIG), condensed tannins (CT), total phenolics (TP) and protein ... ...

    Abstract Samples of leaves and fruits exploited as food items byTrachypithecus auratus sondaicus were analysed for nitrogen content, acid detergent fibre (ADF), pepsin cellulase digestibility (CDIG), condensed tannins (CT), total phenolics (TP) and protein precipitation capacity (PP) and compared with fruits and leaves not eaten. Differences in chemical measures for items eaten and not eaten were not statistically significant but trends indicate that leaves may have been selected for their lower fibre content and greater digestibility. Fruits eaten also had a higher mean level of CDIG and lower mean level of ADF than fruits not eaten but these measures are not considered to be of major importance in fruit selection as CDIG was lower and ADF higher in fruits eaten than in leaves eaten. Levels of CT, TP and PP capacity were higher in fruits eaten than in fruits not eaten but lower in leaves eaten than in leaves not eaten. The role of tannins and phenolics in food selection is discussed. Leaves (and fruits) were not strongly selected on the basis of protein content. Approximately half the dietary intake ofT. auratus sondaicus was leaves, a protein-rich food source. Possibly, protein levels in foliage at Pangandaran were sufficient that selection for this nutrient was not required. A nutrient other than protein (for example, soluble carbohydrates) may have been maximised through food selection. The protein/ADF ratio may provide an indicator of the acceptability of foliage in a habitat as potential food for a colobine. However, this ratio did not govern food selection byT. auratus sondaicus at Pangandaran.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-03-17
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 123369-5
    ISSN 1432-1939 ; 0029-8549
    ISSN (online) 1432-1939
    ISSN 0029-8549
    DOI 10.1007/BF01875446
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: The shape of the New Zealand child injury prevention workforce.

    Kool, Bridget / Umali, Elaine / Hunt, Mareta / Wilson, Melissa

    Australian and New Zealand journal of public health

    2022  Volume 46, Issue 6, Page(s) 771–775

    Abstract: Objective: To describe the characteristics of the New Zealand child injury prevention workforce and the organisations they represent.: Methods: Representatives of organisations on the Safekids Aotearoa database were invited to complete an online ... ...

    Abstract Objective: To describe the characteristics of the New Zealand child injury prevention workforce and the organisations they represent.
    Methods: Representatives of organisations on the Safekids Aotearoa database were invited to complete an online survey. The standardised questionnaire asked for information about injury prevention focus and expertise, communication preferences and information access.
    Results: Of 196 respondents, the majority were female and identified as New Zealand European. For only a small proportion of respondents, child injury prevention is the main focus of their role. The key sources of child injury data and injury prevention information identified was Safekids Aotearoa, followed by the Ministry of Health. Respondents indicated that they would like to receive information on new research, training opportunities and upcoming events, and information from other organisations.
    Conclusions: Males and people of Pacific and Asian ethnicity are under-represented in the New Zealand child injury prevention workforce in New Zealand. The low engagement of the sector with Māori authorities is of concern, given the inequities in rates of child injury that exist.
    Implications for public health: There is a need to conduct a wider and more regular audit of the child injury prevention sector to determine its composition and identify areas of concern.
    MeSH term(s) Child ; Humans ; Female ; Male ; New Zealand ; Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander ; Ethnicity ; Workforce ; Asians
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-06-23
    Publishing country Australia
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1323548-5
    ISSN 1753-6405 ; 1326-0200
    ISSN (online) 1753-6405
    ISSN 1326-0200
    DOI 10.1111/1753-6405.13269
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: The oncogenic fusion landscape in pediatric CNS neoplasms.

    Roosen, Mieke / Odé, Zelda / Bunt, Jens / Kool, Marcel

    Acta neuropathologica

    2022  Volume 143, Issue 4, Page(s) 427–451

    Abstract: Pediatric neoplasms in the central nervous system (CNS) are the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in children. Recent developments in molecular analyses have greatly contributed to a more accurate diagnosis and risk stratification of CNS tumors. ... ...

    Abstract Pediatric neoplasms in the central nervous system (CNS) are the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in children. Recent developments in molecular analyses have greatly contributed to a more accurate diagnosis and risk stratification of CNS tumors. Additionally, sequencing studies have identified various, often entity specific, tumor-driving events. In contrast to adult tumors, which often harbor multiple mutated oncogenic drivers, the number of mutated genes in pediatric cancers is much lower and many tumors can have a single oncogenic driver. Moreover, in children, much more than in adults, fusion proteins play an important role in driving tumorigenesis, and many different fusions have been identified as potential driver events in pediatric CNS neoplasms. However, a comprehensive overview of all the different reported oncogenic fusion proteins in pediatric CNS neoplasms is still lacking. A better understanding of the fusion proteins detected in these tumors and of the molecular mechanisms how these proteins drive tumorigenesis, could improve diagnosis and further benefit translational research into targeted therapies necessary to treat these distinct entities. In this review, we discuss the different oncogenic fusions reported in pediatric CNS neoplasms and their structure to create an overview of the variety of oncogenic fusion proteins to date, the tumor entities they occur in and their proposed mode of action.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Carcinogenesis ; Central Nervous System Neoplasms/genetics ; Child ; Humans ; Oncogene Fusion/genetics ; Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics
    Chemical Substances Oncogene Proteins, Fusion
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-02-15
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1079-0
    ISSN 1432-0533 ; 0001-6322
    ISSN (online) 1432-0533
    ISSN 0001-6322
    DOI 10.1007/s00401-022-02405-8
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Periventricular hemorrhagic infarction in preterm neonates: Etiology and time of development.

    Ilves, N / Metsvaht, T / Laugesaar, R / Rull, K / Lintrop, M / Laan, M / Loorits, D / Kool, P / Ilves, P

    Journal of neonatal-perinatal medicine

    2024  Volume 17, Issue 1, Page(s) 111–121

    Abstract: Background: To find the obstetrical and delivery associated risk factors of antenatal and postnatal grade III intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) or periventricular hemorrhagic infarction (PVHI) in preterm neonates.: Methods: A retrospective study of ... ...

    Abstract Background: To find the obstetrical and delivery associated risk factors of antenatal and postnatal grade III intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) or periventricular hemorrhagic infarction (PVHI) in preterm neonates.
    Methods: A retrospective study of obstetric and delivery associated risk factors included neonates (<35 gestational weeks) with severe IVH/PVHI (n = 120) and a prospectively collected control group (n = 50). The children were divided into: (1) antenatal onset group (n = 27) with insult visible on cerebral ultrasonography within the first 12 hours of birth or periventricular cystic changes visible in PVHI within the first 3 days; (2) neonatal onset group (n = 70) with insult diagnosed after initial normal findings or I-II grade IVH, and (3) unknown time-onset group (n = 23) with insult visible at > 12 h of age.
    Results: The mothers of the antenatal onset group had significantly more bacterial infections before delivery compared to the neonatal onset group: 20/27 (74.1%) versus 23/69 (33.3%), (odds ratio (OR) 5.7 [95% confidence interval 2.1-16]; p = 0.0008) or compared to the control group (11/50 (22%); OR 11 [2.8-42]; p = 0.0005). Placental histology revealed chorioamnionitis more often in the antenatal compared to the neonatal onset group (14/21 (66.7%) versus 16/42 (38.1%), respectively; OR 3.7 [1.18-11]; p = 0.025). Neonates with neonatal development of severe IVH/PVHI had significantly more complications during delivery or intensive care.
    Conclusions: Bacterial infection during pregnancy is an important risk factor for development of antenatal onset severe IVH or PVHI. In neonates born to mothers with severe bacterial infection during pregnancy, cerebral ultrasonography is indicated for early detection of severe IVH or PVHI.
    MeSH term(s) Infant, Newborn ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Pregnancy ; Retrospective Studies ; Gestational Age ; Placenta/pathology ; Cerebral Hemorrhage/diagnostic imaging ; Cerebral Hemorrhage/epidemiology ; Cerebral Hemorrhage/etiology ; Infant, Newborn, Diseases ; Infarction/complications ; Infarction/pathology ; Bacterial Infections ; Infant, Premature, Diseases/diagnostic imaging ; Infant, Premature, Diseases/epidemiology ; Infant, Premature, Diseases/etiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-08
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2435387-5
    ISSN 1878-4429 ; 1934-5798
    ISSN (online) 1878-4429
    ISSN 1934-5798
    DOI 10.3233/NPM-230033
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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