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Article ; Online: Anti-tumor necrosis factor (aTNF) weaning strategy in juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA): does duration matter?

Teh, Kai Liang / Das, Lena / Book, Yun Xin / Hoh, Sook Fun / Gao, Xiaocong / Arkachaisri, Thaschawee

2024 Volume 43, Issue 5, Page(s) 1723–1733

Abstract: ... aTNF) in our prospective juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) cohort.: Research design and methods ... JIA patients on subcutaneous adalimumab with at least 6 months of follow-up were recruited (May 2010 ... were flare rates, time to flare, and predictors.: Results: Of 110 JIA patients, 77 (83% male, 78 ...

Abstract	Background: To compare outcomes of a short and long weaning strategy of anti-tumor necrosis factor (aTNF) in our prospective juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) cohort. Research design and methods: JIA patients on subcutaneous adalimumab with at least 6 months of follow-up were recruited (May 2010-Jan 2022). Once clinical remission on medication (CRM) was achieved, adalimumab was weaned according to two protocols-short (every 4-weekly for 6 months and stopped) and long (extending dosing interval by 2 weeks for three cycles until 12-weekly intervals and thereafter stopped) protocols. Outcomes assessed were flare rates, time to flare, and predictors. Results: Of 110 JIA patients, 77 (83% male, 78% Chinese; 82% enthesitis-related arthritis) underwent aTNF weaning with 53% on short and 47% on long weaning protocol. The total flare rate during and after stopping aTNF was not different between the two groups. The time to flare after stopping aTNF was not different (p = 0.639). Positive anti-nuclear antibody increased flare risk during weaning in long weaning group (OR 7.0, 95%CI: 1.2-40.8). Positive HLA-B27 (OR 6.5, 95%CI: 1.1-30.4) increased flare risks after stopping aTNF. Conclusion: Duration of weaning aTNF may not minimize flare rate or delay time to flare after stopping treatment in JIA patients. Recapture rates for inactive disease at 6 months remained high for patients who flared after weaning or discontinuing medication.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Male ; Female ; Arthritis, Juvenile/drug therapy ; Adalimumab/therapeutic use ; Antirheumatic Agents/therapeutic use ; Prospective Studies ; Weaning ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/therapeutic use ; Necrosis/drug therapy ; Treatment Outcome
Chemical Substances	Adalimumab (FYS6T7F842) ; Antirheumatic Agents ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-05
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	604755-5
ISSN	1434-9949 ; 0770-3198
ISSN (online)	1434-9949
ISSN	0770-3198
DOI	10.1007/s10067-024-06928-1
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Article ; Online: Jia-Wei-Si-Miao-Yong-An Fang stimulates the healing of acute radiation-induced cutaneous wounds through MAPK/ERK pathway.

Wang, Yin / Gao, Junfeng / Sun, Liqiao / Li, Qi / Kang, Ning / Gao, Chen / Li, Tong

Journal of ethnopharmacology

2023 Volume 306, Page(s) 116180

Abstract: ... to add herbs and improve them into an external dosage form, called Jia-Wei-Si-Miao-Yong-An Fang (JWSMYA ...

Abstract	Ethnopharmacological relevance: A famous traditional oral Chinese medicine formula, Si-Miao-Yong-An decoction, has been used to treat thromboangiitis obliterans from the Qing Dynasty. Because its therapeutic principles including clearing away heat, detoxification, accelerating blood circulation and relieving pains are consistent with acute radiation-induced cutaneous wounds in traditional Chinese medicine, we tried to add herbs and improve them into an external dosage form, called Jia-Wei-Si-Miao-Yong-An Fang (JWSMYA). However, its mechanism on radiation-induced cutaneous wounds is still unknown. Aim of the study: This study evaluated the therapeutic effect of JWSMYA and investigated the mechanism of repair and anti-fibrosis on acute radiation-induced cutaneous wounds with JWSMYA. Materials and methods: Firstly, we prepared JWSMYA, and determined the composition through UHPLC LC-MS/MS. Then we used ionizing radiation to make a cutaneous wound model of rats, and observed wound healing through their skin injury score, wound contraction percentage and histological staining. In addition, immunohistochemical staining, Western blot analysis, qRT-PCR and Elisa were used to explore wound rehabilitation and anti-fibrosis mechanisms. Results: An in vivo assay revealed that JWSMYA promoted the repairment of acute radiation-induced cutaneous wounds, facilitated MAPK/ERK phosphorylation, inhibited PI3K/AKT activation, reduced the level of alpha-smooth muscle actin (a-sma), collagen type-I alpha 2 (Col1a2) and transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) in cutaneous tissues. However, no statistical difference was found in vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Conclusion: JWSMYA accelerated the repair of acute radiation-induced cutaneous wounds, which might be associated with the MAPK/ERK pathway. In addition, PI3K/AKT might be associated with the inhibition of fibrosis and the promotion of high-quality wound healing.
MeSH term(s)	Rats ; Animals ; MAP Kinase Signaling System ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/metabolism ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism ; Chromatography, Liquid ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry ; Fibrosis
Chemical Substances	Collagen Type I, alpha2 Subunit ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt (EC 2.7.11.1) ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases (EC 2.7.1.-)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-21
Publishing country	Ireland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	134511-4
ISSN	1872-7573 ; 0378-8741
ISSN (online)	1872-7573
ISSN	0378-8741
DOI	10.1016/j.jep.2023.116180
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Article: Jia-Wei-Si-Miao-Yong-An decoction modulates intestinal flora and metabolites in acute coronary syndrome model.

Zhao, Ning / Wang, Ying / Ma, Yan / Liang, Xiaoxue / Zhang, Xi / Gao, Yuan / Dong, Yingying / Bai, Dong / Hu, Jingqing

Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine

2023 Volume 9, Page(s) 1038273

Abstract: Aims: We assessed the efficacy of the traditional Chinese medicine formulation Jia-Wei-Si-Miao ...

Abstract	Aims: We assessed the efficacy of the traditional Chinese medicine formulation Jia-Wei-Si-Miao-Yong-An decoction (HJ11) in the treatment of acute coronary syndrome and evaluated its impact on the intestinal microbiota and their metabolites. Methods: An acute coronary syndrome model was established in rats, which were randomly assigned to the model, HJ11 treatment, and atorvastatin treatment groups. Rats were then administered saline solution (model and sham operation control groups) or drugs by oral gavage for 28 d. Echocardiography was performed and serum creatine kinase-MB and cardiac troponin I levels were monitored to examine the cardiac function. Inflammation was evaluated using hematoxylin and eosin staining of heart tissue, and serum interleukin-2, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein measurements. Gut microbiota composition was analyzed Results: HJ11 improved cardiac function and attenuated inflammation in rats with acute coronary syndrome. Relative to the untreated model group, the HJ11-treated group presented normalized Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio and reduced abundances of the bacterial genera Conclusion: This work demonstrated that HJ11 effectively treats acute coronary syndrome. HJ11 seems to increase the abundance of beneficial bacterial taxa (
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-04
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2781496-8
ISSN	2297-055X
ISSN	2297-055X
DOI	10.3389/fcvm.2022.1038273
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Article ; Online: Comprehensive chemical profiling of Jia-Wei-Qi-Fu-Yin and its network pharmacology-based analysis on Alzheimer's disease.

An, Hai-Ming / Huang, Da-Rong / Yang, Hua / Liu, Xin-Guang / Du, Jing / Li, Yi / Li, Chao-Ran / Pang, Han-Qing / Liu, Run-Zhou / Peng, Chao / Li, Ping / Gao, Wen

Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis

2020 Volume 189, Page(s) 113467

Abstract: Jia-Wei-Qi-Fu-Yin (JWQFY) is a newly developed anti-Alzheimer's disease (AD) prescription modified ...

Abstract	Jia-Wei-Qi-Fu-Yin (JWQFY) is a newly developed anti-Alzheimer's disease (AD) prescription modified from a classical traditional Chinese medicine formula, Qi-Fu-Yin (QFY). However, a systematic understanding of its chemical constituents and molecular mechanisms is still elusive. To address this problem, comprehensive chemical profiling followed by network pharmacology-based analysis of JWQFY was performed. Firstly, a total of 136 compounds were characterized by high performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-QTOF MS), 17 of them were specifically identified in JWQFY comparing with QFY. Seventy compounds were further quantified via a validated HPLC coupled with triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry (QQQ MS) method. Then the protein targets of the seventy compounds were gathered from public databases for network construction. As a result, fifty-seven compounds were filtered, which interacted with 655 targets. Thirty-four of them were mapped into the KEGG pathway of AD, indicating JWQFY might exert anti-AD effects by anti-inflammation, neuronal apoptosis intervening, Aβ production inhibition and phosphorylating tau protein moderating. Furthermore, in the compound-target-AD network, a list of hub compounds and hub targets was identified based on their topological features, including the degree, node betweenness and closeness. Four of the hub compounds were specifically originated from JWQFY, supporting the modification rationality of this formula. This study provided a scientific basis for understanding the bioactive compounds and the multi-target mechanism of JWQFY.
MeSH term(s)	Alzheimer Disease/drug therapy ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; Humans ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Chemical Substances	Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; qi-fu-yin
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-07-08
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	604917-5
ISSN	1873-264X ; 0731-7085
ISSN (online)	1873-264X
ISSN	0731-7085
DOI	10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113467
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Article: iTRAQ-Based Proteomics Analysis of Plasma of Myasthenia Gravis Patients Treated with Jia Wei Bu Zhong Yi Qi Decoction.

Zhang, Yunke / Yang, Junhong / Chen, Yingzhe / Lv, Jie / Zhang, Jing / Zhang, Yingna / Zhao, Xue / Fang, Hua / Liu, Chongchong / Zhang, Qingyong / Cui, Xinzheng / Wang, Xiaohan / Gao, Feng

Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM

2019 Volume 2019, Page(s) 9147072

Abstract: ... satisfactory results after treatment with pyridostigmine and prednisone. Jia Wei Bu Zhong Yi Qi (Jia Wei BZYQ ... with routine western medical treatment (T2), and MG patients with combined treatments of Jia Wei BZYQ decoction ...

Abstract	Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disease. A proportion of MG patients did not get satisfactory results after treatment with pyridostigmine and prednisone. Jia Wei Bu Zhong Yi Qi (Jia Wei BZYQ) decoction, a water extract from multiple herbs, has been demonstrated to be effective in the treatment of multiple "Qi deficiency type" diseases including MG in China. In this text, we investigated protein alterations in the plasma from healthy volunteers (C), MG patients without any treatment (T1), MG patients with routine western medical treatment (T2), and MG patients with combined treatments of Jia Wei BZYQ decoction and routine western medicines (T3) and identified some potential proteins involved in the pathogenesis and treatment of MG. iTRAQ (isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation) and 2D-LC-MS/MS (two-dimensional liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry technologies) were employed to screen differentially expressed proteins. The identification, quantification, functional annotation, and interaction of proteins were analyzed by matching software and databases. In our project, 618 proteins were identified, among which 447 proteins had quantitative data. The number of differentially expressed proteins was 110, 117, 143, 115, 86, and 158 in T1 vs. C, T2 vs. C, T2 vs. T1, T3 vs. C, T3 vs. T1, and T3 vs. T2 groups, respectively. Functional annotation results showed that many differentially expressed proteins were closely associated with immune responses. For instance, some key proteins such as C-reactive protein, apolipoprotein C-III, apolipoprotein A-II, alpha-actinin-1, and thrombospondin-1 have been found to be abnormally expressed in T3 group compared to T1 group or T2 group. Interaction network analyses also provided some potential biomarkers or targets for MG management.
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-12-13
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2171158-6
ISSN	1741-4288 ; 1741-427X
ISSN (online)	1741-4288
ISSN	1741-427X
DOI	10.1155/2019/9147072
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Zs.A 5995: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Toxicological safety evaluation in acute and 28-day studies of aqueous extract from Bei-Qi-Wu-Jia formula.

Zhao, Liutao / Li, Pan / Xu, Hongde / Han, Bingqian / Chen, Jingjing / Gao, Ziqing / Li, Jianglong / Li, Xianbin / Wu, Chunli

Journal of ethnopharmacology

2019 Volume 248, Page(s) 112324

Abstract: Ethnopharmacological relevance: Bei Qi Wu Jia (BQWJ), a modern preparation ...

Abstract	Ethnopharmacological relevance: Bei Qi Wu Jia (BQWJ), a modern preparation of a traditional Chinese medicinal formula, is a combination of Radix Astragali and Acanthopanacis Senticosi. Although BQWJ has been used to treat insomnia, fatigue, and loss of appetite, toxicological safety studies are rare in the literature. Aim of the study: To evaluate the acute and subacute toxicity of BQWJ extract after oral administration in mice and rats, respectively. Materials and methods: In the acute toxicity study, mice underwent oral administration of 67.5 g extract/kg/day. In the subacute toxicity study, rats underwent a single oral administration of 1.25, 2.5, 5.0, or 10.0 g/kg/day of BQWJ extract for 28 days. The animals' general behavior, body weight, food intake, biochemical and hematologic parameters, organ coefficients, and pathological morphology were analyzed. Results: No evidence of toxicity was observed in the mice after acute exposure to BQWJ extract. The subacute results included no deaths and no changes in general behavior. Although BQWJ extract resulted in some significant changes in other parameters, these alterations cannot be considered treatment-related because they remained within normal ranges throughout the 28 days. Conclusions: In conclusion, the oral administration of BQWJ extract at doses of less than 67.5 g/kg/day for 1 day or 10.0 g/kg/day for 28 consecutive days can be considered safe and showed no distinct toxicity or side effects in this study.
MeSH term(s)	Administration, Oral ; Animals ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/administration & dosage ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/toxicity ; Female ; Male ; Mice ; No-Observed-Adverse-Effect Level ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Risk Assessment ; Time Factors ; Toxicity Tests, Acute ; Toxicity Tests, Subacute
Chemical Substances	Drugs, Chinese Herbal
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-10-20
Publishing country	Ireland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	134511-4
ISSN	1872-7573 ; 0378-8741
ISSN (online)	1872-7573
ISSN	0378-8741
DOI	10.1016/j.jep.2019.112324
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Article ; Online: A validated UHPLC-MS/MS method for pharmacokinetic and brain distribution studies of twenty constituents in rat after oral administration of Jia-Wei-Qi-Fu-Yin.

An, Hai-Ming / Li, Meng-Ning / Yang, Hua / Pang, Han-Qing / Qu, Cheng / Xu, Yi / Liu, Run-Zhou / Peng, Chao / Li, Ping / Gao, Wen

Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis

2021 Volume 202, Page(s) 114140

Abstract: ... phenolic acid, in rat plasma and brain, which was administrated intragastrically with Jia-Wei-Qi-Fu-Yin (JWQFY ...

Abstract	A rapid ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QqQ MS/MS) approach with high sensitivity and selectivity was developed for the quantification of twenty compounds, including 9 saponins, 8 flavonoids, 2 oligosaccharide esters and 1 phenolic acid, in rat plasma and brain, which was administrated intragastrically with Jia-Wei-Qi-Fu-Yin (JWQFY), Mass spectrometric detection was operated under multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. All calibration curves possessed good linearity with correlation coefficients ( r
MeSH term(s)	Administration, Oral ; Animals ; Brain ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; Rats ; Reproducibility of Results ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Chemical Substances	Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; qi-fu-yin
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-05-13
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	604917-5
ISSN	1873-264X ; 0731-7085
ISSN (online)	1873-264X
ISSN	0731-7085
DOI	10.1016/j.jpba.2021.114140
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Article: Toxicological safety evaluation in acute and 28-day studies of aqueous extract from Bei-Qi-Wu-Jia formula

Zhao, Liutao / Chen, Jingjing / Gao, Ziqing / Han, Bingqian / Li, Jianglong / Li, Pan / Li, Xianbin / Wu, Chunli / Xu, Hongde

Journal of ethnopharmacology. 2020 Feb. 10, v. 248

2020

Abstract: Bei Qi Wu Jia (BQWJ), a modern preparation of a traditional Chinese medicinal formula, is ...

Abstract	Bei Qi Wu Jia (BQWJ), a modern preparation of a traditional Chinese medicinal formula, is a combination of Radix Astragali and Acanthopanacis Senticosi. Although BQWJ has been used to treat insomnia, fatigue, and loss of appetite, toxicological safety studies are rare in the literature.Aim of the study: To evaluate the acute and subacute toxicity of BQWJ extract after oral administration in mice and rats, respectively.In the acute toxicity study, mice underwent oral administration of 67.5 g extract/kg/day. In the subacute toxicity study, rats underwent a single oral administration of 1.25, 2.5, 5.0, or 10.0 g/kg/day of BQWJ extract for 28 days. The animals’ general behavior, body weight, food intake, biochemical and hematologic parameters, organ coefficients, and pathological morphology were analyzed.No evidence of toxicity was observed in the mice after acute exposure to BQWJ extract. The subacute results included no deaths and no changes in general behavior. Although BQWJ extract resulted in some significant changes in other parameters, these alterations cannot be considered treatment-related because they remained within normal ranges throughout the 28 days.In conclusion, the oral administration of BQWJ extract at doses of less than 67.5 g/kg/day for 1 day or 10.0 g/kg/day for 28 consecutive days can be considered safe and showed no distinct toxicity or side effects in this study.
Keywords	acute exposure ; acute toxicity ; adverse effects ; body weight ; food intake ; hematologic tests ; mice ; oral administration ; rats ; subacute toxicity ; toxicology ; traditional medicine
Language	English
Dates of publication	2020-0210
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	134511-4
ISSN	1872-7573 ; 0378-8741
ISSN (online)	1872-7573
ISSN	0378-8741
DOI	10.1016/j.jep.2019.112324
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: iTRAQ-Based Proteomics Analysis of Plasma of Myasthenia Gravis Patients Treated with Jia Wei Bu Zhong Yi Qi Decoction

Yunke Zhang / Junhong Yang / Yingzhe Chen / Jie Lv / Jing Zhang / Yingna Zhang / Xue Zhao / Hua Fang / Chongchong Liu / Qingyong Zhang / Xinzheng Cui / Xiaohan Wang / Feng Gao

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, Vol

2019 Volume 2019

Abstract	Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disease. A proportion of MG patients did not get satisfactory results after treatment with pyridostigmine and prednisone. Jia Wei Bu Zhong Yi Qi (Jia Wei BZYQ) decoction, a water extract from multiple herbs, has been demonstrated to be effective in the treatment of multiple “Qi deficiency type” diseases including MG in China. In this text, we investigated protein alterations in the plasma from healthy volunteers (C), MG patients without any treatment (T1), MG patients with routine western medical treatment (T2), and MG patients with combined treatments of Jia Wei BZYQ decoction and routine western medicines (T3) and identified some potential proteins involved in the pathogenesis and treatment of MG. iTRAQ (isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation) and 2D-LC-MS/MS (two-dimensional liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry technologies) were employed to screen differentially expressed proteins. The identification, quantification, functional annotation, and interaction of proteins were analyzed by matching software and databases. In our project, 618 proteins were identified, among which 447 proteins had quantitative data. The number of differentially expressed proteins was 110, 117, 143, 115, 86, and 158 in T1 vs. C, T2 vs. C, T2 vs. T1, T3 vs. C, T3 vs. T1, and T3 vs. T2 groups, respectively. Functional annotation results showed that many differentially expressed proteins were closely associated with immune responses. For instance, some key proteins such as C-reactive protein, apolipoprotein C-III, apolipoprotein A-II, alpha-actinin-1, and thrombospondin-1 have been found to be abnormally expressed in T3 group compared to T1 group or T2 group. Interaction network analyses also provided some potential biomarkers or targets for MG management.
Keywords	Other systems of medicine ; RZ201-999
Subject code	610
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Hindawi Limited
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article ; Online: Comparative pharmacokinetic study of the components of Jia-Wei-Kai-Xin-San in normal and vascular dementia rats by ultra-fast liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry.

Shi, Yiwei / Cao, Cheng / Zhu, Yue / Gao, Ting / Yang, Wen / Liu Mingzhu Qi, Mengqiu / Huang, Renjie / Qian, Dawei / Duan, Jin-Ao

Journal of separation science

2018 Volume 41, Issue 12, Page(s) 2504–2516

Abstract: ... of extracts of Jia-Wei-Kai-Xin-San in normal and vascular dementia rats. The developed method was precise and ...

Abstract	A fast, sensitive, and reliable ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry method has been developed and validated for simultaneous quantification of geniposide, polygalaxanthone III, 3,6'-disinapoyl sucrose, α-asarone, β-asarone, poricoic acid A, poricoic acid B, dehydrotumulosic acid, deoxyschizandrin, schizandrin B, and kaempferide in plasma after oral administration of extracts of Jia-Wei-Kai-Xin-San in normal and vascular dementia rats. The developed method was precise and accurate within the linearity range of the analytes. The lower limits of quantification were 1.04-2.68 ng/mL for all the analytes. Both intra- and inter day precision and accuracy of the analytes were all within accepted criteria. The mean extraction recoveries of the analytes and the internal standard from rat plasma were all >60.0%. The validated method had been successfully applied to compare pharmacokinetic profiles of the analytes in plasma of normal and vascular dementia rat treated with herbal extracts. Results indicated that differences existed between normal and vascular dementia model rats except dehydrotumulosic acid and kaempferide, which might be due to the pathology of vascular dementia and pharmacological effect of the analytes. These pharmacokinetic studies might benefit for the mechanism exploration and clinical use of traditional Chinese medicine formulae.
MeSH term(s)	Administration, Oral ; Animals ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid/methods ; Dementia, Vascular/blood ; Dementia, Vascular/drug therapy ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/administration & dosage ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/analysis ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacokinetics ; Humans ; Male ; Plasma/chemistry ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry/methods
Chemical Substances	Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; Kai-Xin-San
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-04-23
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Comparative Study ; Evaluation Studies ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2047990-6
ISSN	1615-9314 ; 1615-9306
ISSN (online)	1615-9314
ISSN	1615-9306
DOI	10.1002/jssc.201701144
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