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Article ; Online: Recent Advances in Gynecological Malignancies: Focus on ASCO 2023.

Bodriagova, Olga / Previs, Rebecca Ann / Gaba, Lydia / Shankar, Abhishek / Vidal, Laura / Saini, Kamal S

2023 Volume 11, Issue 4, Page(s) 397–409

Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-15
Publishing country	New Zealand
Document type	Editorial
ZDB-ID	2848647-X
ISSN	2366-1089 ; 2366-1070
ISSN (online)	2366-1089
ISSN	2366-1070
DOI	10.1007/s40487-023-00244-5
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Article: The Convergence of Radiology and Genomics: Advancing Breast Cancer Diagnosis with Radiogenomics.

Demetriou, Demetra / Lockhat, Zarina / Brzozowski, Luke / Saini, Kamal S / Dlamini, Zodwa / Hull, Rodney

Cancers

2024 Volume 16, Issue 5

Abstract: Despite significant progress in the prevention, screening, diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy of breast cancer (BC), it remains a highly prevalent and life-threatening disease affecting millions worldwide. Molecular subtyping of BC is crucial for ... ...

Abstract	Despite significant progress in the prevention, screening, diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy of breast cancer (BC), it remains a highly prevalent and life-threatening disease affecting millions worldwide. Molecular subtyping of BC is crucial for predictive and prognostic purposes due to the diverse clinical behaviors observed across various types. The molecular heterogeneity of BC poses uncertainties in its impact on diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. Numerous studies have highlighted genetic and environmental differences between patients from different geographic regions, emphasizing the need for localized research. International studies have revealed that patients with African heritage are often diagnosed at a more advanced stage and exhibit poorer responses to treatment and lower survival rates. Despite these global findings, there is a dearth of in-depth studies focusing on communities in the African region. Early diagnosis and timely treatment are paramount to improving survival rates. In this context, radiogenomics emerges as a promising field within precision medicine. By associating genetic patterns with image attributes or features, radiogenomics has the potential to significantly improve early detection, prognosis, and diagnosis. It can provide valuable insights into potential treatment options and predict the likelihood of survival, progression, and relapse. Radiogenomics allows for visual features and genetic marker linkage that promises to eliminate the need for biopsy and sequencing. The application of radiogenomics not only contributes to advancing precision oncology and individualized patient treatment but also streamlines clinical workflows. This review aims to delve into the theoretical underpinnings of radiogenomics and explore its practical applications in the diagnosis, management, and treatment of BC and to put radiogenomics on a path towards fully integrated diagnostics.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-06
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2527080-1
ISSN	2072-6694
ISSN	2072-6694
DOI	10.3390/cancers16051076
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Article ; Online: Determining lines of therapy in patients with solid cancers: a proposed new systematic and comprehensive framework.

Saini, Kamal S / Twelves, Chris

British journal of cancer

2021 Volume 125, Issue 2, Page(s) 155–163

Abstract: The complexity of neoplasia and its treatment are a challenge to the formulation of general criteria that are applicable across solid cancers. Determining the number of prior lines of therapy (LoT) is critically important for optimising future treatment, ...

Abstract	The complexity of neoplasia and its treatment are a challenge to the formulation of general criteria that are applicable across solid cancers. Determining the number of prior lines of therapy (LoT) is critically important for optimising future treatment, conducting medication audits, and assessing eligibility for clinical trial enrolment. Currently, however, no accepted set of criteria or definitions exists to enumerate LoT. In this article, we seek to open a dialogue to address this challenge by proposing a systematic and comprehensive framework to determine LoT uniformly across solid malignancies. First, key terms, including LoT and 'clinical progression of disease' are defined. Next, we clarify which therapies should be assigned a LoT, and why. Finally, we propose reporting LoT in a novel and standardised format as LoT N (CLoT + PLoT), where CLoT is the number of systemic anti-cancer therapies (SACT) administered with curative intent and/or in the early setting, PLoT is the number of SACT given with palliative intent and/or in the advanced setting, and N is the sum of CLoT and PLoT. As a next step, the cancer research community should develop and adopt standardised guidelines for enumerating LoT in a uniform manner.
MeSH term(s)	Clinical Decision-Making/methods ; Datasets as Topic/standards ; Decision Support Systems, Clinical ; Delphi Technique ; Humans ; Neoplasms/therapy
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-04-13
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	80075-2
ISSN	1532-1827 ; 0007-0920
ISSN (online)	1532-1827
ISSN	0007-0920
DOI	10.1038/s41416-021-01319-8
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Article ; Online: Bladder Cancer, Loss of Y Chromosome, and New Opportunities for Immunotherapy.

Mankan, Arun K / Mankan, Nagender / de Las Heras, Begona / Ramkissoon, Shakti H / Bodriagova, Olga / Vidal, Laura / Grande, Enrique / Saini, Kamal S

Advances in therapy

2024 Volume 41, Issue 3, Page(s) 885–890

Abstract: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have emerged as an important therapeutic approach for patients with cancers including bladder cancer (BC). This commentary describes a recent study that demonstrated that the loss of Y chromosome (LOY) and/or loss of ... ...

Abstract	Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have emerged as an important therapeutic approach for patients with cancers including bladder cancer (BC). This commentary describes a recent study that demonstrated that the loss of Y chromosome (LOY) and/or loss of specific genes on Y chromosome confers an aggressive phenotype to BC because of T cell dysfunction resulting in CD8
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Chromosomes, Human, Y ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/drug therapy ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/genetics ; Phenotype ; Prognosis ; Immunotherapy ; Minor Histocompatibility Antigens/genetics ; Histone Demethylases/genetics
Chemical Substances	KDM5D protein, human (EC 1.14.11.-) ; Minor Histocompatibility Antigens ; Histone Demethylases (EC 1.14.11.-)
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-10
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	632651-1
ISSN	1865-8652 ; 0741-238X
ISSN (online)	1865-8652
ISSN	0741-238X
DOI	10.1007/s12325-023-02758-w
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Article ; Online: A Concise Review on Natural Products and Their Derivatives for Breast Cancer Treatment.

Gupta, Nidhi / Kumar, Hitesh / Gupta, Sumeet / S M, Basavarajaiah / Saini, Kamal

Chemistry & biodiversity

2023 Volume 20, Issue 8, Page(s) e202300688

Abstract: Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide. Among other cancers, breast cancer has been found to produce maximum number of cases in 2020. Different factors including geographical, genetic, hormonal, oral contraceptives and modern lifestyle could be ... ...

Abstract	Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide. Among other cancers, breast cancer has been found to produce maximum number of cases in 2020. Different factors including geographical, genetic, hormonal, oral contraceptives and modern lifestyle could be responsible for the development of breast cancer and different pathways can be targeted for breast cancer treatment. The various conventional approaches used for the treatment of breast cancer including radiotherapy, chemotherapy, hormone and immunotherapy. But due to the side effects associated with these conventional treatments such as non-selectivity, multidrug resistance and bioavailability, there is a need for the development of better therapeutic agents for breast cancer treatment. Several natural products have been explored for breast cancer treatment. However, many of these natural products suffered from the limitations of poor water solubility and possess toxic side effects. To overcome these limitations, several structural analogs of natural products have been synthesized and possess potent anti-breast cancer effects with less side effects over their precursor molecules. In the present manuscript, we describe the pathogenesis of breast cancer, some potent natural products used in the treatment of breast cancer and their selected structural analogs possessing potent anti-breast cancer effects. Database such as Science direct, Pubmed and Google scholar were searched using keywords 'risk factors', 'screening methods','receptors', and 'natural products and derivatives', Registered clinical trials on selected natural products were also analyzed. Present study concludes that eight selected natural products and their derivatives possess wide potential to exhibit anti-breast cancer effects and could be explored further to develop better chemotherapeutic agents against breast cancer.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Female ; Biological Products/pharmacology ; Biological Products/therapeutic use ; Breast Neoplasms/pathology
Chemical Substances	Biological Products
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-25
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2139001-0
ISSN	1612-1880 ; 1612-1872
ISSN (online)	1612-1880
ISSN	1612-1872
DOI	10.1002/cbdv.202300688
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Article ; Online: Immuno-oncology trends: preclinical models, biomarkers, and clinical development.

Franklin, Maryland Rosenfeld / Platero, Suso / Saini, Kamal S / Curigliano, Giuseppe / Anderson, Steven

Journal for immunotherapy of cancer

2022 Volume 10, Issue 1

Abstract: The landscape in immuno-oncology (I-O) has undergone profound changes since its early beginnings up through the rapid advances happening today. The current drug development pipeline consists of thousands of potential I-O therapies and therapy ... ...

Abstract	The landscape in immuno-oncology (I-O) has undergone profound changes since its early beginnings up through the rapid advances happening today. The current drug development pipeline consists of thousands of potential I-O therapies and therapy combinations, many of which are being evaluated in clinical trials. The efficient and successful development of these assets requires the investment in and utilization of appropriate tools and technologies that can facilitate the rapid transitions from preclinical evaluation through clinical development. These tools include (i) appropriate preclinical models, (ii) biomarkers of pharmacodynamic, predictive and monitoring utility, and (iii) evolving clinical trial designs that allow rapid and efficient evaluation during the development process. This article provides an overview of how novel discoveries and insights into each of these three areas have the potential to further address the clinical management needs for patients with cancer.
MeSH term(s)	Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism ; Humans ; Immunotherapy/methods ; Medical Oncology ; Neoplasms/drug therapy
Chemical Substances	Biomarkers, Tumor
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-12
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2719863-7
ISSN	2051-1426 ; 2051-1426
ISSN (online)	2051-1426
ISSN	2051-1426
DOI	10.1136/jitc-2021-003231
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Article ; Online: Intracellular DNA sensing by neutrophils and amplification of the innate immune response.

Mankan, Arun K / Czajka-Francuz, Paulina / Prendes, Maria / Ramanan, Sriram / Koziej, Marcin / Vidal, Laura / Saini, Kamal S

Frontiers in immunology

2023 Volume 14, Page(s) 1208137

Abstract: As the first responders, neutrophils lead the innate immune response to infectious pathogens and inflammation inducing agents. The well-established pathogen neutralizing strategies employed by neutrophils are phagocytosis, the action of microbicide ... ...

Abstract	As the first responders, neutrophils lead the innate immune response to infectious pathogens and inflammation inducing agents. The well-established pathogen neutralizing strategies employed by neutrophils are phagocytosis, the action of microbicide granules, the production of ROS, and the secretion of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Only recently, the ability of neutrophils to sense and respond to pathogen-associated molecular patterns is being appreciated. This review brings together the current information about the intracellular recognition of DNA by neutrophils and proposes models of signal amplification in immune response. Finally, the clinical relevance of DNA sensing by neutrophils in infectious and non-infectious diseases including malignancy are also discussed.
MeSH term(s)	Neutrophils ; Immunity, Innate ; Extracellular Traps ; Phagocytosis ; DNA
Chemical Substances	DNA (9007-49-2)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-07
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2606827-8
ISSN	1664-3224 ; 1664-3224
ISSN (online)	1664-3224
ISSN	1664-3224
DOI	10.3389/fimmu.2023.1208137
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Article ; Online: Is HER2-Low a New Clinical Entity or Merely a Biomarker for an Antibody Drug Conjugate?

Ko, Heidi / Previs, Rebecca A / Strickland, Kyle C / Klein, Jonathan / Caveney, Brian / Chiruzzi, Chiara / Eisenberg, Marcia / Severson, Eric A / Ramkissoon, Shakti / Saini, Kamal S

Oncology and therapy

2023 Volume 12, Issue 1, Page(s) 13–17

Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-14
Publishing country	New Zealand
Document type	Editorial
ZDB-ID	2848647-X
ISSN	2366-1089 ; 2366-1070
ISSN (online)	2366-1089
ISSN	2366-1070
DOI	10.1007/s40487-023-00249-0
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Article ; Online: Quantifying the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on clinical trial screening rates over time in 37 countries.

McDonald, Kelsey / Seltzer, Earl / Lu, Mary / Gaisenband, Stefan Diaz / Fletcher, Cassandra / McLeroth, Patrick / Saini, Kamal S

Trials

2023 Volume 24, Issue 1, Page(s) 254

Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has had an unprecedented and disruptive impact on people's health and lives worldwide. In addition to burdening people's health in the short-term in the form of infection, illness, and mortality, there has been an enormous negative ... ...

Abstract	The COVID-19 pandemic has had an unprecedented and disruptive impact on people's health and lives worldwide. In addition to burdening people's health in the short-term in the form of infection, illness, and mortality, there has been an enormous negative impact on clinical research. Clinical trials experienced challenges in ensuring patient safety and enrolling new patients throughout the pandemic. Here, we investigate and quantify the negative impact that the COVID-19 pandemic has industry-sponsored clinical trials, both in the USA and worldwide. We find a negative correlation between the severity of the COVID-19 pandemic and clinical trial screening rate, with the relationship being strongest during the first three months of the pandemic compared to the entire duration of the pandemic. This negative statistical relationship holds across therapeutic areas, across states in the USA despite the heterogeneity of responses at the state-level, and across countries. This work has significant implications for the management of clinical trials worldwide in response to the fluctuating severity of COVID-19 moving forward and for future pandemics.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; COVID-19 ; Pandemics/prevention & control ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Patient Safety
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-04
Publishing country	England
Document type	Letter
ZDB-ID	2040523-6
ISSN	1745-6215 ; 1468-6694 ; 1745-6215
ISSN (online)	1745-6215
ISSN	1468-6694 ; 1745-6215
DOI	10.1186/s13063-023-07277-1
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Article ; Online: Neoadjuvant therapy in hormone Receptor-Positive/HER2-Negative breast cancer.

Cantini, Luca / Trapani, Dario / Guidi, Lorenzo / Boscolo Bielo, Luca / Scafetta, Roberta / Koziej, Marcin / Vidal, Laura / Saini, Kamal S / Curigliano, Giuseppe

Cancer treatment reviews

2023 Volume 123, Page(s) 102669

Abstract: Neoadjuvant therapy is commonly used in patients with locally advanced or inoperable breast cancer (BC). Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) represents an established treatment modality able to downstage tumours, facilitate breast-conserving surgery, yet ... ...

Abstract	Neoadjuvant therapy is commonly used in patients with locally advanced or inoperable breast cancer (BC). Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) represents an established treatment modality able to downstage tumours, facilitate breast-conserving surgery, yet also achieve considerable pathologic complete response (pCR) rates in HER2-positive and triple-negative BC. For patients with HR+/HER2- BC, the choice between NACT and neoadjuvant endocrine therapy (NET) is still based on clinical and pathological features and not guided by biomarkers of defined clinical utility, differently from the adjuvant setting where gene-expression signatures have been widely adopted to drive decision-making. In this review, we summarize the evidence supporting the choice of NACT vs NET in HR+/HER2- BC, discussing the issues surrounding clinical trial design and proper selection of patients for every treatment. It is time to question the binary paradigm of responder vs non-responders as well as the "one size fits all" approach in luminal BC, supporting the utilization of continuous endpoints and the adoption of tissue and plasma-based biomarkers at multiple timepoints. This will eventually unleash the full potential of neoadjuvant therapy which is to modulate patient treatment based on treatment sensitivity and surgical outcomes. We also reviewed the current landscape of neoadjuvant studies for HR+/HER2- BC, focusing on antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) and immunotherapy combinations. Finally, we proposed a roadmap for future neoadjuvant approaches in HR+/HER2- BC, which should be based on a staggered biomarker-driven treatment selection aiming at impacting long-term relevant endpoints.
MeSH term(s)	Female ; Humans ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use ; Breast Neoplasms/therapy ; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant ; Mastectomy, Segmental ; Neoadjuvant Therapy ; Patient Selection ; Receptor, ErbB-2/analysis ; Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy
Chemical Substances	Receptor, ErbB-2 (EC 2.7.10.1)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-10
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	125102-8
ISSN	1532-1967 ; 0305-7372
ISSN (online)	1532-1967
ISSN	0305-7372
DOI	10.1016/j.ctrv.2023.102669
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