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Article ; Online: Molecular modeling identification of potential drug candidates from selected African plants against SARS-CoV-2 key druggable proteins.

Uhomoibhi, J O / Idowu, K A / Shode, F O / Sabiu, S

Scientific African

2022 Volume 17, Page(s) e01279

Abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is one of the major health threats the world has experienced. In order to stem the tide of the virus and its associated disease, ... ...

Abstract	Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is one of the major health threats the world has experienced. In order to stem the tide of the virus and its associated disease, rapid efforts have been dedicated to identifying credible anti-SARS-CoV-2 drugs. This study forms part of the continuing efforts to develop anti-SARS-CoV-2 molecules and employed a computational structure-activity relationship approach with emphasis on 99 plant secondary metabolites from eight selected African medicinal plants with proven therapeutic benefits against respiratory diseases focusing on the viral protein targets [Spike protein (Sgp), Main protease (Mpro), and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp)]. The results of the molecular dynamics simulation of the best docked compounds presented as binding free energy revealed that three compounds each against the Sgp (VBS, COG and ABA), and Mpro (COR, QOR and ABG) had higher and better affinity for the proteins than the respective reference drugs, cefoperazone (CSP) and Nelfinavir (NEF), while four compounds (HDG, VBS, COR and KOR) had higher and favorable binding affinity towards RdRp than the reference standard, ramdesivir (RDS). Analysis of interaction with the receptor binding domain amino acid residues of Sgp showed that VBS had the highest number of interactions (17) relative to 14 and 13 for COG and ABA, respectively. For Mpro, COR showed interactions with catalytic dyad residues (His172 and Cys145). Compared to RDS, COR, HDG, VBS and KOR formed 19, 18, 17 and 12 H-bond and Van der Waal bonds, respectively, with RdRp. Furthermore, structural examination of the three proteins after binding to the lead compounds revealed that the compounds formed stable complexes. These observations suggest that the identified compounds might be beneficial in the fight against COVID-19 and are suggested for further
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-07-14
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2468-2276
ISSN (online)	2468-2276
DOI	10.1016/j.sciaf.2022.e01279
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Article ; Online: Repurposing drugs and identification of inhibitors of integral proteins (spike protein and main protease) of SARS-CoV-2.

Shode, F O / Idowu, A S K / Uhomoibhi, O J / Sabiu, S

Journal of biomolecular structure & dynamics

2021 Volume 40, Issue 14, Page(s) 6587–6602

Abstract: The outbreak of Coronavirus infection (COVID-19) has prompted the World Health Organisation (WHO) to declare the outbreak, a Public Health Emergency of International concern. As part of the efforts to discover lead compounds for clinical use, 53 ... ...

Abstract	The outbreak of Coronavirus infection (COVID-19) has prompted the World Health Organisation (WHO) to declare the outbreak, a Public Health Emergency of International concern. As part of the efforts to discover lead compounds for clinical use, 53 molecules were screened using molecular docking and dynamic simulations (MDS) techniques to identify potential inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (COVID-19 S
MeSH term(s)	Drug Repositioning ; Humans ; Molecular Docking Simulation ; Molecular Dynamics Simulation ; Peptide Hydrolases ; Protease Inhibitors/chemistry ; Protease Inhibitors/pharmacology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus ; COVID-19 Drug Treatment
Chemical Substances	Protease Inhibitors ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus ; spike protein, SARS-CoV-2 ; Peptide Hydrolases (EC 3.4.-)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-02-16
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	49157-3
ISSN	1538-0254 ; 0739-1102
ISSN (online)	1538-0254
ISSN	0739-1102
DOI	10.1080/07391102.2021.1886993
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Article ; Online: Corrigendum to "Exploring the bioactivity of pentacyclic triterpenoids as potential antimycobacterial nutraceutics: Insights through comparative biomolecular modelling" [J. Mol. Graph. Model. 105 (2021) 107900-107908/JMGM-D-20-00515R1].

Tolufashe, Gideon F / Lawal, Monsurat M / Govender, Krishna K / Shode, Francis O / Singh, Thishana

Journal of molecular graphics & modelling

2021 Volume 106, Page(s) 107939

Language	English
Publishing date	2021-05-19
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Published Erratum
ZDB-ID	1396450-1
ISSN	1873-4243 ; 1093-3263
ISSN (online)	1873-4243
ISSN	1093-3263
DOI	10.1016/j.jmgm.2021.107939
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Article ; Online: Exploring the bioactivity of pentacyclic triterpenoids as potential antimycobacterial nutraceutics: Insights through comparative biomolecular modelling.

Tolufashe, Gideon F / Lawal, Monsurat M / Govender, Krishna K / Shode, Francis O / Singh, Thishana

Journal of molecular graphics & modelling

2021 Volume 105, Page(s) 107900

Abstract: A group of bioactive compounds known as triterpenoids, which are often found in plant materials, have been tested to possess nutritional and pharmaceutical activity. These plant components are referred to as nutraceuticals, and are used as therapeutic ... ...

Abstract	A group of bioactive compounds known as triterpenoids, which are often found in plant materials, have been tested to possess nutritional and pharmaceutical activity. These plant components are referred to as nutraceuticals, and are used as therapeutic agents. In this study, we explore the interactions of betulinic acid (BA), oleanolic acid (OA), ursolic acid (UA), and maslinic acid (MA) against FadA5. Studies have identified FadA5, a trifunctional enzyme-like thiolase, as a target towards Mycobacterium tuberculosis inhibition. The investigation involves molecular dynamics (MD) and hybrid quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) applications. Analyses of the four pentacyclic triterpenoids binding to FadA5 showed appreciable bioactivity against FadA5. The application of two or more theoretical models to unravel ligand-enzyme binding energies can pave the way for accurate binding affinity prediction and validation.
MeSH term(s)	Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Molecular Dynamics Simulation ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis ; Oleanolic Acid/pharmacology ; Triterpenes/pharmacology
Chemical Substances	Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Triterpenes ; Oleanolic Acid (6SMK8R7TGJ)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-03-16
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1396450-1
ISSN	1873-4243 ; 1093-3263
ISSN (online)	1873-4243
ISSN	1093-3263
DOI	10.1016/j.jmgm.2021.107900
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Article ; Online: Underutilized legumes, Cajanus cajan and Glycine max may bring about antisickling effect in sickle cell disease by modulation of redox homeostasis in sickled erythrocytes and alteration of its functional chemistry.

Elemo, Gloria N / Erukainure, Ochuko L / Okafor, Jane N C / Banerjee, Priyanka / Preissner, Robert / Nwachukwu Nicholas-Okpara, Viola A / Atolani, Olubunmi / Omowunmi, Olusola / Ezeanyanaso, Chika S / Awosika, Ajoritsedere / Shode, Francis

Journal of food biochemistry

2022 Volume 46, Issue 9, Page(s) e14322

Abstract: The antisickling and anti-oxidative effect of the Cajanus cajan, Glycine max, and their blends were investigated in sickled erythrocytes. The powdered samples were analyzed for their nutritional and anti-nutritional constituents. Their aqueous extracts ... ...

Abstract	The antisickling and anti-oxidative effect of the Cajanus cajan, Glycine max, and their blends were investigated in sickled erythrocytes. The powdered samples were analyzed for their nutritional and anti-nutritional constituents. Their aqueous extracts were analyzed for in vitro antioxidant activities. The extracts were incubated with sickled erythrocytes at 37°C for 6 hours and the antisickling effect examined via microscopic analysis. The blend was the most active and its incubated cells were subjected to anti-oxidative analysis which covers for GSH, SOD, catalase, and lipid peroxidation (LPO). Chemical functional group of the treated cells was analyzed with FTIR spectroscopy. The in silico binding of the predominant amino acid to hemoglobin was also investigated. An increased concentration of leucine was observed in the blend compared to that of C. cajan and G. max, respectively. Vitamins C, B6, and B9 were the only vitamins observed in the blend. Phytate and oxalate were present in all samples. All extracts displayed significant (p < .05) scavenging activities. Treatment with the blend exacerbated SOD and catalase activities as well as the GSH level, while suppressing LPO. FTIR analysis of the treated cells showed the presence of hydrophobic functional groups. Leucine was the predominant amino acid, and it showed a potent molecular interaction with HIS-87 residue of the alpha chain of 1HCO. C. cajan and G. max blend inhibited sickling activities of sickle erythrocytes, while concomitantly exacerbating their endogenous antioxidant enzymes activity and modification of the functional chemistry. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Cajanus cajan and Glycine max are among the common underutilized legumes in Nigeria. Aside their nutritional properties, these legumes have been used from time immemorial for the treatment and management of various ailments. Sickle cell anemia is a class of hemoglobinopathy common in Sub-Saharan Africa. There have been concerns about its treatment owing to the increasing scourge of the disease coupled to the financial burden of its management. This study reports the ability of the potentials of the legumes to prevent sickling activities of sickled erythrocytes and the possible biochemical mechanism involved.
MeSH term(s)	Anemia, Sickle Cell/drug therapy ; Anemia, Sickle Cell/metabolism ; Antioxidants/pharmacology ; Cajanus/chemistry ; Catalase/metabolism ; Erythrocytes ; Fabaceae/metabolism ; Homeostasis ; Leucine/metabolism ; Leucine/pharmacology ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Glycine max/metabolism ; Superoxide Dismutase/metabolism ; Vegetables ; Vitamins/metabolism ; Vitamins/pharmacology
Chemical Substances	Antioxidants ; Vitamins ; Catalase (EC 1.11.1.6) ; Superoxide Dismutase (EC 1.15.1.1) ; Leucine (GMW67QNF9C)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-07-27
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	433846-7
ISSN	1745-4514 ; 0145-8884
ISSN (online)	1745-4514
ISSN	0145-8884
DOI	10.1111/jfbc.14322
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Book ; Online: AfroLM

Dossou, Bonaventure F. P. / Tonja, Atnafu Lambebo / Yousuf, Oreen / Osei, Salomey / Oppong, Abigail / Shode, Iyanuoluwa / Awoyomi, Oluwabusayo Olufunke / Emezue, Chris Chinenye

A Self-Active Learning-based Multilingual Pretrained Language Model for 23 African Languages

2022

Abstract: In recent years, multilingual pre-trained language models have gained prominence due to their remarkable performance on numerous downstream Natural Language Processing tasks (NLP). However, pre-training these large multilingual language models requires a ...

Abstract	In recent years, multilingual pre-trained language models have gained prominence due to their remarkable performance on numerous downstream Natural Language Processing tasks (NLP). However, pre-training these large multilingual language models requires a lot of training data, which is not available for African Languages. Active learning is a semi-supervised learning algorithm, in which a model consistently and dynamically learns to identify the most beneficial samples to train itself on, in order to achieve better optimization and performance on downstream tasks. Furthermore, active learning effectively and practically addresses real-world data scarcity. Despite all its benefits, active learning, in the context of NLP and especially multilingual language models pretraining, has received little consideration. In this paper, we present AfroLM, a multilingual language model pretrained from scratch on 23 African languages (the largest effort to date) using our novel self-active learning framework. Pretrained on a dataset significantly (14x) smaller than existing baselines, AfroLM outperforms many multilingual pretrained language models (AfriBERTa, XLMR-base, mBERT) on various NLP downstream tasks (NER, text classification, and sentiment analysis). Additional out-of-domain sentiment analysis experiments show that \textbf{AfroLM} is able to generalize well across various domains. We release the code source, and our datasets used in our framework at https://github.com/bonaventuredossou/MLM_AL. Comment: Third Workshop on Simple and Efficient Natural Language Processing, EMNLP 2022
Keywords	Computer Science - Computation and Language ; Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence ; Computer Science - Machine Learning
Publishing date	2022-11-06
Publishing country	us
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Compositional Variations and Antibacterial Activities of the Essential Oils of three Melaleuca Species from South Africa

Oyedeji, O.O / Oyedeji, A.O / Shode, F.O

Journal of essential oil-bearing plants. 2014 Mar. 4, v. 17, no. 2

2014

Abstract: The leaf oils of three Melaleuca species, M. bracteata var. revolution gold , M. bracteata var. revolution green and M. trichostachya var. compacta from South Africa have been studied for their volatile constituents and bacterial activities. Isolation of ...

Abstract	The leaf oils of three Melaleuca species, M. bracteata var. revolution gold , M. bracteata var. revolution green and M. trichostachya var. compacta from South Africa have been studied for their volatile constituents and bacterial activities. Isolation of the oils were performed through hydrodistillation using a Clevenger apparatus for 4h. Redistillation after 7 h was carried out on the extracted plant material via hydrodistillation method for another 3 h. The compositions of the first distillates were at variance with the second distillates especially with M. trichostachya var. compacta oils. A schematic postulate has been proposed for the rearrangement transformation of some compounds. The chemical profile of oils of M. trichostachya var. compacta has been reported for the first time. The results of zone of inhibition (ZI) and minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) activities of the 6 oils against an array of 12 bacteria pathogens are also reported.
Keywords	Melaleuca ; antibacterial properties ; bacteria ; distillates ; essential oils ; leaf oils ; pathogens ; variance ; South Africa
Language	English
Dates of publication	2014-0304
Size	p. 265-276.
Publishing place	Taylor & Francis
Document type	Article
ISSN	0976-5026
DOI	10.1080/0972060X.2013.813221
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Renal effects of plant-derived oleanolic acid in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.

Mapanga, R F / Tufts, M A / Shode, F O / Musabayane, C T

Renal failure

2009 Volume 31, Issue 6, Page(s) 481–491

Abstract: ... kg, p.o.) for five weeks. By comparison with respective control animals administration, OA ...

Abstract	Previous studies from our laboratories indicate that the anti-diabetic effects of Syzygium cordatum (Hochst.) [Myrtaceae] leaf extract in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats may be attributed in part to mixtures of triterpenes, oleanolic acid (3ss-hydroxy-olea-12-en-28-oic acid, OA) and ursolic acid (3ss -hydroxyl-urs-12-en-28-oic acid, UA). For the bioactive compounds to have potential in diabetes management, they should alleviate or prevent complications of diabetes mellitus, kidney function, and cardiovascular disorders. This study was, therefore, designed to assess whether S. cordatum leaf derived OA influenced renal function evaluated by the ability to increase urinary Na(+) outputs parameters and creatinine clearance (Ccr) of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Extraction and fractionation of S. cordatum powdered leaf ethyl acetate-solubles (EAS) yielded mixtures of OA/UA and methyl maslinate/methyl corosolate. Recrystallization of OA/UA mixture using ethanol afforded OA, the structure of which was confirmed by NMR spectroscopy ((1)H & (13)C). Acute effects of OA on kidney function and mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) were investigated in anesthetized rats challenged with hypotonic saline after a 3.5-h equilibration for 4h of 1 h control, 1.5 h treatment, and 1.5 h recovery periods. OA was added to the infusate during the treatment period. Chronic effects of OA were studied in individually caged rats treated twice daily with OA (60 mg/kg, p.o.) for five weeks. By comparison with respective control animals administration, OA significantly increased Na(+) excretion rates of non-diabetic and STZ-induced diabetic rats without affecting urine flow, K(+) and Cl(-) rates. At the end of five weeks, OA treatment significantly (p < 0.05) increased Ccr in non-diabetic (2.88 +/- 0.14 vs. 3.71 +/- 0.30 ml/min) and STZ-diabetic rats (1.81 +/- 0.32 vs. 3.07 +/- 0.16 ml/min) with concomitant reduction of plasma creatinine concentration (n = 6 in all groups). OA also caused significant decreases in MAP in non-diabetic and STZ-induced diabetic rats. These findings suggest that OA may have beneficial effects on some processes associated with renal derangement of STZ-induced diabetic rats.
MeSH term(s)	Analysis of Variance ; Animals ; Blood Glucose/drug effects ; Blood Glucose/metabolism ; Blood Pressure/drug effects ; Creatinine/metabolism ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/blood ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/drug therapy ; Diabetic Nephropathies/drug therapy ; Diabetic Nephropathies/prevention & control ; Disease Models, Animal ; Glomerular Filtration Rate/drug effects ; Kidney Function Tests ; Male ; Oleanolic Acid/pharmacology ; Phytotherapy/methods ; Plant Extracts/pharmacology ; Potassium/metabolism ; Probability ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reference Values ; Sodium/metabolism ; Streptozocin/pharmacology
Chemical Substances	Blood Glucose ; Plant Extracts ; Streptozocin (5W494URQ81) ; Oleanolic Acid (6SMK8R7TGJ) ; Sodium (9NEZ333N27) ; Creatinine (AYI8EX34EU) ; Potassium (RWP5GA015D)
Language	English
Publishing date	2009-12-03
Publishing country	England
Document type	Comparative Study ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	632949-4
ISSN	1525-6049 ; 0886-022X
ISSN (online)	1525-6049
ISSN	0886-022X
DOI	10.1080/08860220902963558
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Article ; Online: Antibacterial and anti-biofilm activity of flavonoids and triterpenes isolated from the extracts of Ficus sansibarica Warb. subsp. sansibarica (Moraceae) extracts.

Awolola, Gbonjubola V / Koorbanally, Neil A / Chenia, Hafizah / Shode, Francis O / Baijnath, Himansu

African journal of traditional, complementary, and alternative medicines : AJTCAM

2014 Volume 11, Issue 3, Page(s) 124–131

Abstract: ... information on F. sansibarica's potential validity in the treatment of infections associated with Gram ...

Abstract	Background: Ficus species are used in African traditional medicine in the treatment of a wide variety of ailments and diseases such as convulsive disorder, wound healing, gonorrhea, tuberculosis, diabetes, diarrhoeal infections, dysentery, malaria and HIV. The aim of this study was to isolate the phytochemical constituents in the plant and test them for their antibacterial activity. Materials and methods: The fruits, leaves and stem bark were extracted with organic solvents and the compounds in the extracts separated and purified by column chromatography before being identified by NMR spectroscopy and by comparison of the NMR data against values reported in the literature. The antibacterial activity of the pure compounds and extracts were tested using the disk diffusion method. Results: Three triterpenes and three flavonoids: lupeol acetate (1); cycloart-23-ene-3,25-diol (2); β-sitosterol (3); 5,7,4'-trihydroxyflavan-3-ol (4); epicatechin (5); and isovitexin (6) were isolated in this study. Antimicrobial activity was observed at 8 mg mL(-1) for Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 with four of the six isolated compounds, with no activity being observed at 1 - 4 mg mL(-1) against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, E. coli ATCC 35218 and S. aureus ATCC 43300. Epicatechin (5) was found to decrease adhesion of E. coli ATCC 25922 and S. aureus ATCC 29213. Decreased adhesion of S. aureus ATCC 29213 was also observed with 5,7,4'-trihydroxyflavan-3-ol (4) and isovitexin (6). Conclusions: The results of this study provide baseline information on F. sansibarica's potential validity in the treatment of infections associated with Gram-positive microorganisms.
MeSH term(s)	Anti-Bacterial Agents/analysis ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/isolation & purification ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology ; Biofilms/drug effects ; Escherichia coli/drug effects ; Escherichia coli/physiology ; Ficus/chemistry ; Flavonoids/analysis ; Flavonoids/isolation & purification ; Flavonoids/pharmacology ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Plant Extracts/pharmacology ; Plant Leaves/chemistry ; Staphylococcus aureus/drug effects ; Staphylococcus aureus/physiology ; Triterpenes/analysis ; Triterpenes/isolation & purification ; Triterpenes/pharmacology
Chemical Substances	Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Flavonoids ; Plant Extracts ; Triterpenes
Language	English
Publishing date	2014-04-03
Publishing country	Nigeria
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ISSN	2505-0044
ISSN (online)	2505-0044
DOI	10.4314/ajtcam.v11i3.19
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Article: Cardiotonic and antidysrhythmic effects of oleanolic and ursolic acids, methyl maslinate and uvaol.

Somova, L I / Shode, F O / Mipando, M

Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology

2004 Volume 11, Issue 2-3, Page(s) 121–129

Abstract: The cardiotonic and antidysrhythmic effects of four triterpenoid derivatives, namely oleanolic acid (OA), ursolic acid (UA), and uvaol (UV), isolated from the leaves of African wild olive (Olea europaea, subsp. africana) as well as methyl maslinate (MM) ... ...

Abstract	The cardiotonic and antidysrhythmic effects of four triterpenoid derivatives, namely oleanolic acid (OA), ursolic acid (UA), and uvaol (UV), isolated from the leaves of African wild olive (Olea europaea, subsp. africana) as well as methyl maslinate (MM) isolated from the leaves of Olea europaea (Cape cultivar) were examined. The derivatives showed low toxicity on brine shrimp test. They displayed significant, dose-response vasodepressor effect and sinus bradicardia, most prominent for OA and MM. The derivatives acted as beta-adrenergic antagonists, blocking the effect of adrenaline and isoprenaline. The established positive inotropic and dromotropic effects were most distinctive for OA and MM. The antidysrhythmic effects were evaluated on CaCl2- and adrenaline-induced chemical arrhythmias, and on ischemia-reperfusion arrhythmia. OA and UA displayed antidysrhythmic effects on both types of chemical arrhythmia; OA and UV in dose 40 mg/kg conferred significant antidysrhythmic activity on ischemia and reperfusion arrhythmias. The effect was comparable to that of propranolol and suggestive of beta-adrenergic antagonistic activity. On the basis of the vasodepressor, cardiotonic and antidysrhythmic effects of these compounds, it was concluded that OA and UV isolated from wild African olive leaves, or crude extract containing all components, can provide a cheap and accessible source of additive to conventional treatment of hypertension, complicated by stenocardia and cardiac failure.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents/administration & dosage ; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents/pharmacology ; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents/therapeutic use ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac/chemically induced ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac/prevention & control ; Artemia/drug effects ; Calcium Chloride ; Cardiotonic Agents/administration & dosage ; Cardiotonic Agents/pharmacology ; Cardiotonic Agents/therapeutic use ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Epinephrine ; Male ; Olea ; Oleanolic Acid/administration & dosage ; Oleanolic Acid/analogs & derivatives ; Oleanolic Acid/pharmacology ; Oleanolic Acid/therapeutic use ; Phytotherapy ; Plant Leaves ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Triterpenes/administration & dosage ; Triterpenes/pharmacology ; Triterpenes/therapeutic use ; Ursolic Acid
Chemical Substances	Anti-Arrhythmia Agents ; Cardiotonic Agents ; Triterpenes ; methyl maslinate (22425-82-7) ; Oleanolic Acid (6SMK8R7TGJ) ; Calcium Chloride (M4I0D6VV5M) ; uvaol (W599R31ROT) ; Epinephrine (YKH834O4BH)
Language	English
Publishing date	2004-04-08
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1205240-1
ISSN	1618-095X ; 0944-7113
ISSN (online)	1618-095X
ISSN	0944-7113
DOI	10.1078/0944-7113-00329
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