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  1. Article ; Online: Viruses in the Nucleus.

    Lucic, Bojana / de Castro, Ines J / Lusic, Marina

    Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology

    2021  Volume 13, Issue 8

    Abstract: Viral infection is intrinsically linked to the capacity of the virus to generate progeny. Many DNA and some RNA viruses need to access the nuclear machinery and therefore transverse the nuclear envelope barrier through the nuclear pore complex. Viral ... ...

    Abstract Viral infection is intrinsically linked to the capacity of the virus to generate progeny. Many DNA and some RNA viruses need to access the nuclear machinery and therefore transverse the nuclear envelope barrier through the nuclear pore complex. Viral genomes then become chromatinized either in their episomal form or upon integration into the host genome. Interactions with host DNA, transcription factors or nuclear bodies mediate their replication. Often interfering with nuclear functions, viruses use nuclear architecture to ensure persistent infections. Discovering these multiple modes of replication and persistence served in unraveling many important nuclear processes, such as nuclear trafficking, transcription, and splicing. Here, by using examples of DNA and RNA viral families, we portray the nucleus with the virus inside.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Cell Nucleus/physiology ; Cell Nucleus/virology ; DNA Viruses/physiology ; Gene Expression Regulation, Viral ; Humans ; RNA Viruses/physiology ; Virus Integration
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-08-02
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ISSN 1943-0264
    ISSN (online) 1943-0264
    DOI 10.1101/cshperspect.a039446
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Brachybacterium atlanticum

    de Castro, Inês / Ribeiro, Susana / Oliveira, Vanessa / Coelho, Francisco J R C / de Lurdes Dapkevicius, Maria / de Azevedo, Eduardo Brito / Barcelos E Ramos, Joana

    International journal of systematic and evolutionary microbiology

    2023  Volume 73, Issue 8

    Abstract: A bacterial strain, ... ...

    Abstract A bacterial strain, PhyBa_CO2_2
    MeSH term(s) Fatty Acids/chemistry ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics ; Carbon Dioxide ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; DNA, Bacterial/genetics ; Base Composition ; Phylogeny ; Bacterial Typing Techniques ; Actinomycetales ; Phospholipids/chemistry ; Vitamin K 2/chemistry
    Chemical Substances Fatty Acids ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S ; Carbon Dioxide (142M471B3J) ; DNA, Bacterial ; Phospholipids ; Vitamin K 2 (11032-49-8)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-08-04
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2002336-4
    ISSN 1466-5034 ; 1466-5026
    ISSN (online) 1466-5034
    ISSN 1466-5026
    DOI 10.1099/ijsem.0.005959
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article: Phytochemical Profiles and Biological Studies of Selected Botanical Dietary Supplements Used in the United States.

    Salinas-Arellano, Eric D / Castro-Dionicio, Ines Y / Jeyaraj, Jonathan G / Mirtallo Ezzone, Nathan P / Carcache de Blanco, Esperanza J

    Progress in the chemistry of organic natural products

    2023  Volume 122, Page(s) 1–162

    Abstract: Based on their current wide bioavailability, botanical dietary supplements have become an important component of the United States healthcare system, although most of these products have limited scientific evidence for their use. The most recent American ...

    Abstract Based on their current wide bioavailability, botanical dietary supplements have become an important component of the United States healthcare system, although most of these products have limited scientific evidence for their use. The most recent American Botanical Council Market Report estimated for 2020 a 17.3% increase in sales of these products when compared to 2019, for a total sales volume of $11,261 billion. The use of botanical dietary supplements products in the United States is guided by the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act (DSHEA) from 1994, enacted by the U.S. Congress with the aim of providing more information to consumers and to facilitate access to a larger number of botanical dietary supplements available on the market than previously. Botanical dietary supplements may be formulated for and use only using crude plant samples (e.g., plant parts such as the bark, leaves, or roots) that can be processed by grinding into a dried powder. Plant parts can also be extracted with hot water to form an "herbal tea." Other preparations of botanical dietary supplements include capsules, essential oils, gummies, powders, tablets, and tinctures. Overall, botanical dietary supplements contain bioactive secondary metabolites with diverse chemotypes that typically are found at low concentration levels. These bioactive constituents usually occur in combination with inactive molecules that may induce synergy and potentiation of the effects observed when botanical dietary supplements are taken in their different forms. Most of the botanical dietary supplements available on the U.S. market have been used previously as herbal remedies or as part of traditional medicine systems from around the world. Their prior use in these systems also provides a certain level of assurance in regard to lower toxicity levels. This chapter will focus on the importance and diversity of the chemical features of bioactive secondary metabolites found in botanical dietary supplements that are responsible for their applications. Many of the active principles of botanical dietary substances are phenolics and isoprenoids, but glycosides and some alkaloids are also present. Biological studies on the active constituents of selected botanical dietary supplements will be discussed. Thus, the present chapter should be of interest for both members of the natural products scientific community, who may be performing development studies of the products available, as well as for healthcare professionals who are directly involved in the analysis of botanical interactions and evaluation of the suitability of botanical dietary supplements for human consumption.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Dietary Supplements ; Phytochemicals/pharmacology ; Oils, Volatile ; Biological Availability ; Biological Products ; Powders
    Chemical Substances Phytochemicals ; Oils, Volatile ; Biological Products ; Powders
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-07-03
    Publishing country Austria
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2669837-7
    ISSN 2192-4309 ; 2191-7043
    ISSN (online) 2192-4309
    ISSN 2191-7043
    DOI 10.1007/978-3-031-26768-0_1
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Navigating through the nucleus with a virus.

    J de Castro, Ines / Lusic, Marina

    Current opinion in genetics & development

    2019  Volume 55, Page(s) 100–105

    Abstract: In each cell, the hierarchical organisation of the ∼2m DNA fibre ensures different nuclear functions, particularly proper gene expression. Chromosomes are non-randomly positioned occupying specific chromosome territories in the 3D nuclear space and ... ...

    Abstract In each cell, the hierarchical organisation of the ∼2m DNA fibre ensures different nuclear functions, particularly proper gene expression. Chromosomes are non-randomly positioned occupying specific chromosome territories in the 3D nuclear space and circumventing several nuclear landmarks the Nuclear Envelope with embedded Nuclear Pore Complexes, Splicing Speckles, PML bodies and many others. At a higher level of organisation, similarly regulated chromatin regions cluster together in so called Topologically Associated Domains, TADs, while on a smaller scale, DNA sequences wrapped around histones dictate binding of transcription factors or inhibitors that determine the level of chromatin compaction. As intracellular pathogens, viruses explore different cellular structures and functions to either promote their lytic infection or control the latent state of their replication cycles. Here we highlight the most recent discoveries on how different levels of nuclear architecture and genome are exploited by various human viruses.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Cell Compartmentation ; Cell Nucleus/genetics ; Cell Nucleus/virology ; Chromatin/genetics ; Chromatin/metabolism ; Chromosomes/genetics ; Chromosomes/metabolism ; Humans ; Nuclear Proteins/genetics ; Nuclear Proteins/metabolism ; Viruses/growth & development
    Chemical Substances Chromatin ; Nuclear Proteins
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-08-31
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ZDB-ID 1077312-5
    ISSN 1879-0380 ; 0959-437X
    ISSN (online) 1879-0380
    ISSN 0959-437X
    DOI 10.1016/j.gde.2019.07.001
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: The mediating role of posttraumatic stress symptoms on somatization in adolescents: A two-wave longitudinal study.

    Pinto, Ricardo J / Vieira de Castro, Maria / Correia-Santos, Patrícia / Jongenelen, Inês / Maia, Ângela C / Levendosky, Alytia

    Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy

    2022  Volume 15, Issue Suppl 1, Page(s) S47–S54

    Abstract: Objective: Trauma as well as adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have been associated with increased rates of later somatization symptoms. Some evidence has proposed that posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) can mediate this relationship. However, most ...

    Abstract Objective: Trauma as well as adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have been associated with increased rates of later somatization symptoms. Some evidence has proposed that posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) can mediate this relationship. However, most data come from adult samples. This two-wave longitudinal study aimed to investigate the relationship between cumulative adversity (total amount of adverse and traumatic experiences), PTSS and somatization symptoms in adolescents.
    Method: The sample included 150 adolescents, mean age of 16 years old (
    Results: The results showed that the PTSS Cluster E, alterations in arousal and reactivity, partially mediated the relationship between cumulative adversity and somatization symptoms (B = .09, BSE = .03, CI [.01, .15]). However, the effect size of the mediation was medium, while the direct effect was large (B = .34, BSE = .08, CI [.18, .50]).
    Conclusions: While arousal and reactivity symptoms seem to play a key role in adolescents suffering from somatization symptoms, cumulative adversity have their own direct and strong contribution. Clinicians should consider assessing PTSS and cumulative adversity when caring for adolescents suffering with somatic symptoms to better deliver intervention plans. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Male ; Female ; Humans ; Adolescent ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/diagnosis ; Longitudinal Studies ; Anxiety ; Medically Unexplained Symptoms ; Adverse Childhood Experiences
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-07-28
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2497028-1
    ISSN 1942-969X ; 1942-9681
    ISSN (online) 1942-969X
    ISSN 1942-9681
    DOI 10.1037/tra0001331
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Non-redundant functions of H2A.Z.1 and H2A.Z.2 in chromosome segregation and cell cycle progression.

    Sales-Gil, Raquel / Kommer, Dorothee C / de Castro, Ines J / Amin, Hasnat A / Vinciotti, Veronica / Sisu, Cristina / Vagnarelli, Paola

    EMBO reports

    2021  Volume 22, Issue 11, Page(s) e52061

    Abstract: H2A.Z is a H2A-type histone variant essential for many aspects of cell biology, ranging from gene expression to genome stability. From deuterostomes, H2A.Z evolved into two paralogues, H2A.Z.1 and H2A.Z.2, that differ by only three amino acids and are ... ...

    Abstract H2A.Z is a H2A-type histone variant essential for many aspects of cell biology, ranging from gene expression to genome stability. From deuterostomes, H2A.Z evolved into two paralogues, H2A.Z.1 and H2A.Z.2, that differ by only three amino acids and are encoded by different genes (H2AFZ and H2AFV, respectively). Despite the importance of this histone variant in development and cellular homeostasis, very little is known about the individual functions of each paralogue in mammals. Here, we have investigated the distinct roles of the two paralogues in cell cycle regulation and unveiled non-redundant functions for H2A.Z.1 and H2A.Z.2 in cell division. Our findings show that H2A.Z.1 regulates the expression of cell cycle genes such as Myc and Ki-67 and its depletion leads to a G1 arrest and cellular senescence. On the contrary, H2A.Z.2, in a transcription-independent manner, is essential for centromere integrity and sister chromatid cohesion regulation, thus playing a key role in chromosome segregation.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Centromere/metabolism ; Chromosome Segregation ; Genomic Instability ; Histones/genetics ; Histones/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Histones
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-08-23
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2020896-0
    ISSN 1469-3178 ; 1469-221X
    ISSN (online) 1469-3178
    ISSN 1469-221X
    DOI 10.15252/embr.202052061
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Resetting a functional G1 nucleus after mitosis.

    de Castro, Ines J / Gokhan, Ezgi / Vagnarelli, Paola

    Chromosoma

    2016  Volume 125, Issue 4, Page(s) 607–619

    Abstract: The maintenance of the correct cellular information goes beyond the simple transmission of an intact genetic code from one generation to the next. Epigenetic changes, topological cues and correct protein-protein interactions need to be re-established ... ...

    Abstract The maintenance of the correct cellular information goes beyond the simple transmission of an intact genetic code from one generation to the next. Epigenetic changes, topological cues and correct protein-protein interactions need to be re-established after each cell division to allow the next cell cycle to resume in the correct regulated manner. This process begins with mitotic exit and re-sets all the changes that occurred during mitosis thus restoring a functional G1 nucleus in preparation for the next cell cycle. Mitotic exit is triggered by inactivation of mitotic kinases and the reversal of their phosphorylation activities on many cellular components, from nuclear lamina to transcription factors and chromatin itself. To reverse all these phosphorylations, phosphatases act during mitotic exit in a timely and spatially controlled manner directing the events that lead to a functional G1 nucleus. In this review, we will summarise the recent developments on the control of phosphatases and their known substrates during mitotic exit, and the key steps that control the restoration of chromatin status, nuclear envelope reassembly and nuclear body re-organisation. Although pivotal work has been conducted in this area in yeast, due to differences between the mitotic exit network between yeast and vertebrates, we will mainly concentrate on the vertebrate system.
    MeSH term(s) Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Chromatin/metabolism ; Epigenesis, Genetic/genetics ; G1 Phase/physiology ; Humans ; Mitosis/physiology ; Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases/metabolism ; Protein Processing, Post-Translational/physiology ; Transcription, Genetic ; Yeasts/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Chromatin ; Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases (EC 3.1.3.2)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016
    Publishing country Austria
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ZDB-ID 203083-4
    ISSN 1432-0886 ; 0009-5915
    ISSN (online) 1432-0886
    ISSN 0009-5915
    DOI 10.1007/s00412-015-0561-6
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: CDK1 and PLK1 coordinate the disassembly and reassembly of the nuclear envelope in vertebrate mitosis.

    de Castro, Ines J / Gil, Raquel Sales / Ligammari, Lorena / Di Giacinto, Maria Laura / Vagnarelli, Paola

    Oncotarget

    2018  Volume 9, Issue 8, Page(s) 7763–7773

    Abstract: Micronuclei (MN) arise from chromosomes or fragments that fail to be incorporated into the primary nucleus after cell division. These structures are a major source of genetic instability caused by DNA repair and replication defects coupled to aberrant ... ...

    Abstract Micronuclei (MN) arise from chromosomes or fragments that fail to be incorporated into the primary nucleus after cell division. These structures are a major source of genetic instability caused by DNA repair and replication defects coupled to aberrant Nuclear Envelope (NE). These problems ultimately lead to a spectrum of chromosome rearrangements called chromothripsis, a phenomenon that is a hallmark of several cancers. Despite its importance, the molecular mechanism at the origin of this instability is still not understood. Here we show that lagging chromatin, although it can efficiently assemble Lamin A/C, always fails to recruit Nuclear Pore Complexes (NPCs) proteins and that Polo-Like Kinase (PLK1) negatively regulates NPC assembly. We also provide evidence for the requirement of PLK1 activity for the disassembly of NPCs, but not Lamina A/C, at mitotic entry. Altogether this study reveals the existence of independent regulatory pathways for Lamin A/C and NPC reorganization during mitosis where Lamin A/C targeting to the chromatin is controlled by CDK1 activity (a clock-based model) while the NPC loading is also spatially monitored by PLK1.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-01-30
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2560162-3
    ISSN 1949-2553 ; 1949-2553
    ISSN (online) 1949-2553
    ISSN 1949-2553
    DOI 10.18632/oncotarget.23666
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Altered nuclear architecture in blood cells from Huntington's disease patients.

    de Castro, Inês J / Toner, Brian / Xie, Sheila Q / Swingland, James / Hodges, Angela / Tabrizi, Sarah J / Turkheimer, Federico / Pombo, Ana / Khalil, André

    Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology

    2021  Volume 43, Issue 1, Page(s) 379–385

    Abstract: Background: Cell nuclear architecture has been explored in cancer and laminopathies but not in neurodegenerative disorders. Huntington's disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that leads to neuronal death. Chromosome-wide changes in gene ... ...

    Abstract Background: Cell nuclear architecture has been explored in cancer and laminopathies but not in neurodegenerative disorders. Huntington's disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that leads to neuronal death. Chromosome-wide changes in gene expression have been reported in HD, not only in the brain but also in peripheral blood cells, but whether this translates into nuclear and chromosome architecture alterations has not yet been studied.
    Methods: We investigate nuclear structure and chromosome organization in HD blood cells using fluorescence in situ hybridization in ultrathin cryosections (cryoFISH), coupled with machine learning image analysis to evaluate size, distribution, and morphology of nuclei and chromosomes. Four chromosomes were analyzed based on up- or downregulation of gene expression in HD.
    Results: We show that blood cells from HD patients display increased nuclear size and filamentary shape, increased size of gene-rich chromosome 19, decreased filamentary shape of gene-rich chromosome 22, and a more radially centralized position for chromosome 19, whereas chromosomes 4 and 5 do not show detectable differences.
    Conclusions: We identify gross changes in nuclear architecture and chromosome organization associated with HD in blood. This adds a new layer of information onto disrupting mechanisms in HD and increases the potential of using blood to survey HD.
    MeSH term(s) Blood Cells ; Brain ; Gene Expression ; Humans ; Huntington Disease/genetics ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-05-11
    Publishing country Italy
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2016546-8
    ISSN 1590-3478 ; 1590-1874
    ISSN (online) 1590-3478
    ISSN 1590-1874
    DOI 10.1007/s10072-021-05289-w
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Protein phosphatases at the nuclear envelope.

    Sales Gil, Raquel / de Castro, Ines J / Berihun, Jerusalem / Vagnarelli, Paola

    Biochemical Society transactions

    2018  Volume 46, Issue 1, Page(s) 173–182

    Abstract: The nuclear envelope (NE) is a unique topological structure formed by lipid membranes (Inner and Outer Membrane: IM and OM) interrupted by open channels (Nuclear Pore complexes). Besides its well-established structural role in providing a physical ... ...

    Abstract The nuclear envelope (NE) is a unique topological structure formed by lipid membranes (Inner and Outer Membrane: IM and OM) interrupted by open channels (Nuclear Pore complexes). Besides its well-established structural role in providing a physical separation between the genome and the cytoplasm and regulating the exchanges between the two cellular compartments, it has become quite evident in recent years that the NE also represents a hub for localized signal transduction. Mechanical, stress, or mitogen signals reach the nucleus and trigger the activation of several pathways, many effectors of which are processed at the NE. Therefore, the concept of the NE acting just as a barrier needs to be expanded to embrace all the dynamic processes that are indeed associated with it. In this context, dynamic protein association and turnover coupled to reversible post-translational modifications of NE components can provide important clues on how this integrated cellular machinery functions as a whole. Reversible protein phosphorylation is the most used mechanism to control protein dynamics and association in cells. Keys to the reversibility of the system are protein phosphatases and the regulation of their activity in space and time. As the NE is clearly becoming an interesting compartment for the control and transduction of several signalling pathways, in this review we will focus on the role of Protein Phosphatases at the NE since the significance of this class of proteins in this context has been little explored.
    MeSH term(s) Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Cytoplasm/metabolism ; Humans ; Nuclear Envelope/enzymology ; Phosphoprotein Phosphatases/metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Processing, Post-Translational ; Signal Transduction
    Chemical Substances Phosphoprotein Phosphatases (EC 3.1.3.16)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-02-06
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ZDB-ID 184237-7
    ISSN 1470-8752 ; 0300-5127
    ISSN (online) 1470-8752
    ISSN 0300-5127
    DOI 10.1042/BST20170139
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