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Article ; Online: Spotlight commentary: A role for real-world evidence to inform the clinical care of patients with diabetes mellitus.

Leonard, Charles E / Flory, James H / Likić, Robert / Ogunleye, Olayinka O / Wei, Li / Wong, Ian

British journal of clinical pharmacology

2021 Volume 87, Issue 12, Page(s) 4549–4551

MeSH term(s)	Diabetes Mellitus/drug therapy ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy ; Humans ; Hypoglycemic Agents/therapeutic use
Chemical Substances	Hypoglycemic Agents
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-05-04
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	188974-6
ISSN	1365-2125 ; 0306-5251 ; 0264-3774
ISSN (online)	1365-2125
ISSN	0306-5251 ; 0264-3774
DOI	10.1111/bcp.14882
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Article: Current Antibiotic Use Among Hospitals in the sub-Saharan Africa Region; Findings and Implications.

Siachalinga, Linda / Godman, Brian / Mwita, Julius C / Sefah, Israel Abebrese / Ogunleye, Olayinka O / Massele, Amos / Lee, Iyn-Hyang

Infection and drug resistance

2023 Volume 16, Page(s) 2179–2190

Abstract: Background: The rapid rise in antimicrobial resistance (AMR) globally, impacting on morbidity, mortality and costs with sub-Saharan African countries reporting the greatest burden is a concern. Instigation of antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs) ... ...

Abstract	Background: The rapid rise in antimicrobial resistance (AMR) globally, impacting on morbidity, mortality and costs with sub-Saharan African countries reporting the greatest burden is a concern. Instigation of antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs) can improve antibiotic use in hospitals and reduce AMR. Implementing ASPs requires knowledge of antibiotic utilization against agreed quality indicators with the data obtained from point prevalence surveys (PPS), hence the need to document antibiotic utilization patterns in sub-Saharan Africa. Methods: A narrative review to document current utilization patterns, challenges, indicators and ASPs across sub-Saharan Africa based on previous reviews by the authors, supplemented by the considerable knowledge and experience of the co-authors. Results: Results from multiple PPS studies showed a high prevalence of antibiotic use among hospitals, mostly over 50%. Prevalence rates ranged from as low as 37.7% in South Africa to as high as 80.1% in Nigeria. There was also considerable prescribing of broad-spectrum antibiotics which could be due to lack of facilities within hospitals, alongside concerns with co-payments to perform microbiological tests, resulting in empiric prescribing. This is a concern alongside lack of guidelines or adherence to guidelines, which was as low as 4% in one study. Another concern was the high rates of extended prophylaxis to prevent surgical site infections (SSIs), with antibiotics often prescribed for longer than 24 hours, usually multiple doses. Several quality indicators have been used to evaluate antibiotic utilization providing exemplars for the future. Among the initiatives being instigated to improve antibiotic use, ASPs have proved effective. For ASPs to be successful objectives and indicators must be agreed, and regular audits undertaken. Conclusion: Antibiotic prescribing across Africa is characterised by high prevalence, usually empirical. Various prescribing and quality indicators are being employed to assess antibiotic use, and ASPs have shown to improve antibiotic prescribing providing direction to reduce AMR.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-13
Publishing country	New Zealand
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2494856-1
ISSN	1178-6973
ISSN	1178-6973
DOI	10.2147/IDR.S398223
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Article ; Online: COVID-19 vaccine uptake and associated factors among adolescents and youths

Steward Mudenda / Johanna C. Meyer / Joseph O. Fadare / Olayinka O. Ogunleye / Zikria Saleem / Scott K. Matafwali / Victor Daka / Billy Chabalenge / Jacob Chama / Moses Mukosha / Phumzile Skosana / Bwalya A. Witika / Aubrey C. Kalungia / Audrey Hamachila / Webrod Mufwambi / Brian Godman

PLOS Global Public Health, Vol 3, Iss

Findings and implications for future vaccination programmes

2023 Volume 9

Keywords	Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article: Changes in Availability, Utilization, and Prices of Medicines and Protection Equipment for COVID-19 in an Urban Population of Northern Nigeria.

Haque, Mainul / Abubakar, Abdullahi Rabiu / Ogunleye, Olayinka O / Sani, Ibrahim Haruna / Sefah, Israel / Kurdi, Amanj / Islam, Salequl / Godman, Brian

Journal of research in pharmacy practice

2021 Volume 10, Issue 1, Page(s) 17–22

Abstract: Objective: Measures are ongoing to prevent the spread of COVID-19 and treat it with medicines and personal protective equipment (PPE). However, there has been considerable controversy surrounding treatments such as hydroxychloroquine with misinformation ...

Abstract	Objective: Measures are ongoing to prevent the spread of COVID-19 and treat it with medicines and personal protective equipment (PPE). However, there has been considerable controversy surrounding treatments such as hydroxychloroquine with misinformation fuelling prices hikes and suicides. Shortages have also appreciably increased costs of PPE, potentially catastrophic among lower- and middle-income countries such as Nigeria with high copayment levels. Consequently, a need to investigate changes in availability, utilization, and prices of relevant medicines and PPE during the pandemic in Nigeria. Methods: Exploratory study among community pharmacists with a survey tool comprising four sections including questions on changes in consumption, prices, and shortages of medicines and PPE from the beginning of March 2020 to the end of June 2020. In addition, suggestions from community pharmacists and co-authors on ways to reduce misinformation. Findings: 30 out of 34 pharmacists participated giving a response rate of 88.2%. Significant increases were seen (3-fold or more increase) in the consumption of hydroxychloroquine (100%), vitamins/immune boosters (96.7%) and antibiotics (46.7%) as well as PPE (100%). Considerable price increases (50% increase or greater) also seen for antimalarials (96.7%), antibiotics (93.3%), vitamins/immune boosters (66.7%), and PPE (100%). Shortages are also seen for hydroxychloroquine and vitamins/immune boosters but most severe for PPE (80% of pharmacies). Conclusion: Encouraging to see increases in the utilization of vitamins/immune boosters and PPE. However, a considerable increase in the utilization and prices of antimicrobials is a concern that needs addressing including misinformation. Community pharmacists have a key role in providing evidence-based advice and helping moderate prices.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-05-13
Publishing country	India
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2734861-1
ISSN	2279-042X ; 2319-9644
ISSN (online)	2279-042X
ISSN	2319-9644
DOI	10.4103/jrpp.JRPP_20_92
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Article: Determinants of antibiotic prescribing among doctors in a Nigerian urban tertiary hospital.

Ogunleye, Olayinka O / Fadare, Joseph O / Yinka-Ogunleye, Adesola F / Anand Paramadhas, Bene D / Godman, Brian

Hospital practice (1995)

2018 Volume 47, Issue 1, Page(s) 53–58

Abstract: Objectives: The problem of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has assumed pandemic dimensions especially among low-and middle-income countries such as Nigeria. Irrational use of currently available antimicrobial agents is a major contributory factor. There ... ...

Abstract	Objectives: The problem of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has assumed pandemic dimensions especially among low-and middle-income countries such as Nigeria. Irrational use of currently available antimicrobial agents is a major contributory factor. There remains a paucity of documented information on the determinants of antibiotic prescribing among physicians in Nigeria to guide future strategies to reduce AMR. This study therefore aimed to investigate the patterns and determinants of antibiotic prescribing among doctors in a tertiary hospital in Nigeria as the first step to improve future antibiotic use in hospitals. Methods: A cross-sectional survey of the determinants of antibiotic prescribing among doctors in the Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Ikeja, was performed using a structured questionnaire. Information was obtained about the doctors and the factors determining their prescription of antibiotics. The results were summarized using descriptive statistics with Statistical Package for Social Science. Results: Ninety-eight respondents were studied with a mean age of 36.24(9.01) years, a mean duration of practice of 10.68(9.25) years, and mainly males (64.3%). Ninety-seven percent prescribe antibiotics frequently, mostly based on clinical judgment and experience with rare laboratory supports. Factors of cost, drug availability, and information from pharmaceutical representatives influenced antibiotic prescribing. There were indications of nonexistence or nonfunctional institutional policies and guidelines regarding antimicrobial therapies. Conclusion: There is an urgent need to institute evidence-based institutional policies and guidelines for improving antimicrobial use among hospitals in Nigeria. This is already being followed up.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use ; Anti-Infective Agents/therapeutic use ; Attitude of Health Personnel ; Bacterial Infections/drug therapy ; Clinical Competence ; Drug Prescriptions/statistics & numerical data ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial ; Female ; Humans ; Inappropriate Prescribing/statistics & numerical data ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nigeria ; Practice Patterns, Physicians'/statistics & numerical data ; Tertiary Care Centers ; Young Adult
Chemical Substances	Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Anti-Infective Agents
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-05-21
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2570453-9
ISSN	2377-1003 ; 2154-8331 ; 8750-2836
ISSN (online)	2377-1003
ISSN	2154-8331 ; 8750-2836
DOI	10.1080/21548331.2018.1475997
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Article ; Online: COVID-19 vaccine uptake and associated factors among adolescents and youths: Findings and implications for future vaccination programmes.

Mudenda, Steward / Meyer, Johanna C / Fadare, Joseph O / Ogunleye, Olayinka O / Saleem, Zikria / Matafwali, Scott K / Daka, Victor / Chabalenge, Billy / Chama, Jacob / Mukosha, Moses / Skosana, Phumzile / Witika, Bwalya A / Kalungia, Aubrey C / Hamachila, Audrey / Mufwambi, Webrod / Godman, Brian

PLOS global public health

2023 Volume 3, Issue 9, Page(s) e0002385

Abstract: Adolescents and youths are a key part of the population that needs to be protected against the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This is because they are more likely to spread the virus to vulnerable individuals. In view of these concerns, this study ... ...

Abstract	Adolescents and youths are a key part of the population that needs to be protected against the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This is because they are more likely to spread the virus to vulnerable individuals. In view of these concerns, this study investigated the uptake of COVID-19 vaccines and associated factors among adolescents and youths attending secondary schools in Zambia. This cross-sectional study was conducted among 1500 school-going adolescents in Lusaka from September 2022 to November 2022. Overall, 1409 participants took part giving a response rate of 94%. Only 29.2% (n = 411) of the participants were vaccinated against COVID-19 at the time of the study. Compared to their unvaccinated counterparts, vaccinated adolescents and youths scored higher for knowledge (66.2% vs 57.8%) and attitudes (76.7% vs 39.4%) regarding COVID-19 vaccines. Healthcare workers, family/friends and social media were key sources of information regarding the vaccine. Factors associated with increased vaccine uptake were positive attitudes (AOR = 33.62, 95% CI: 19.92-56.73), indicating it was stressful to follow COVID-19 preventive measures (AOR = 1.47, 95% CI: 1.09-1.99), participants in Grade 12 (AOR = 3.39, 95% CI: 1.94-5.91), Grade 11 (AOR = 2.59, 95% CI: 1.94-5.91), Grade 10 (AOR = 3.48, 95% CI: 1.98-6.11) and Grade 9 (AOR = 3.04, 95% CI: 1.74-5.32) compared to Grade 8. This study found a relatively low uptake of COVID-19 vaccines among adolescents and youths in Zambia. There is a need to provide adequate strategies to address knowledge and attitude gaps regarding COVID-19 vaccines to improve uptake and reduce future morbidity and mortality.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-20
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2767-3375
ISSN (online)	2767-3375
DOI	10.1371/journal.pgph.0002385
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Article: Key Issues Surrounding Appropriate Antibiotic Use for Prevention of Surgical Site Infections in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Narrative Review and the Implications.

Mwita, Julius C / Ogunleye, Olayinka O / Olalekan, Adesola / Kalungia, Aubrey C / Kurdi, Amanj / Saleem, Zikria / Sneddon, Jacqueline / Godman, Brian

International journal of general medicine

2021 Volume 14, Page(s) 515–530

Abstract: Background: There is a concern with the growing use of antimicrobials across countries increasing antimicrobial resistance (AMR) rates. A key area within hospitals is their use for the prevention of surgical site infections (SSI) with concerns with ... ...

Abstract	Background: There is a concern with the growing use of antimicrobials across countries increasing antimicrobial resistance (AMR) rates. A key area within hospitals is their use for the prevention of surgical site infections (SSI) with concerns with timing of the first dose, which can appreciably impact on effectiveness, as well as duration with extended prophylaxis common among low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This is a concern as extended duration increases utilization rates and AMR as well as adverse events. Consequently, there is a need to document issues of timing and duration of surgical antibiotic prophylaxis (SAP) among LMICs together with potential ways forward to address current concerns. Methods: Narrative review of timings and duration of SAP among LMICs combined with publications documenting successful approaches to improve SAP to provide future direction to all key stakeholder groups. Results: There were documented concerns with the timing of the first dose of antibiotics, with appropriate timing as low as 6.7% in Egypt, although as high as 81.9% in Turkey. There was also an extensive duration of SAP, ranging from long duration times in all patients in a study in Nigeria with a mean of 8.7 days and 97% of patients in Egypt to 42.9% of patients in Pakistan and 35% in Turkey. Successful interventions to improve SAP typically involved multiple approaches including education of all key stakeholder groups, monitoring of usage against agreed guidelines,as well as quality targets. Multiple approaches typically improved timing and duration as well as reduced costs. For instance, in one study appropriateness increased from 30.1% to 91.4%, prolonged duration reduced to 5.7% of patients, and mean costs of antibiotics decreased 11-fold. Conclusion: There are considerable concerns with the timing and duration of SAP among LMICs. Multiple interventions among LMICs can address this providing future directions.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-02-18
Publishing country	New Zealand
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2452220-X
ISSN	1178-7074
ISSN	1178-7074
DOI	10.2147/IJGM.S253216
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Article: Knowledge, Attitudes, and Acceptance of COVID-19 Vaccines among Secondary School Pupils in Zambia: Implications for Future Educational and Sensitisation Programmes.

Mudenda, Steward / Mukosha, Moses / Godman, Brian / Fadare, Joseph O / Ogunleye, Olayinka O / Meyer, Johanna C / Skosana, Phumzile / Chama, Jacob / Daka, Victor / Matafwali, Scott K / Chabalenge, Billy / Witika, Bwalya A

Vaccines

2022 Volume 10, Issue 12

Abstract: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic resulted in the closure of schools to slow the spread of the virus across populations, and the administration of vaccines to protect people from severe disease, including school children and adolescents. ... ...

Abstract	The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic resulted in the closure of schools to slow the spread of the virus across populations, and the administration of vaccines to protect people from severe disease, including school children and adolescents. In Zambia, there is currently little information on the acceptance of COVID-19 vaccines among school-going children and adolescents despite their inclusion in the vaccination programme. This study assessed the knowledge, attitudes, and acceptance of COVID-19 vaccines among secondary school pupils in Lusaka, Zambia. A cross-sectional study was conducted from August 2022 to October 2022. Of the 998 participants, 646 (64.7%) were female, and 127 (12.7%) would accept to be vaccinated. Those who were willing to be vaccinated had better knowledge (68.5% vs. 56.3%) and a positive attitude (79.1% vs. 33.7%) compared to those who were hesitant. Overall, the odds of vaccine acceptance were higher among pupils who had higher knowledge scores (AOR = 11.75, 95% CI: 6.51-21.2), positive attitude scores (AOR = 9.85, 95% CI: 4.35-22.2), and those who knew a friend or relative who had died from COVID-19 (AOR = 3.27, 95% CI: 2.14-5.09). The low vaccine acceptance among pupils is of public health concern, emphasising the need for heightened sensitisation programmes that promote vaccine acceptance among pupils in Zambia.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-12-14
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2703319-3
ISSN	2076-393X
ISSN	2076-393X
DOI	10.3390/vaccines10122141
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Article ; Online: A multicentre point prevalence study of antibiotics utilization in hospitalized patients in an urban secondary and a tertiary healthcare facilities in Nigeria: findings and implications.

Ogunleye, Olayinka O / Oyawole, Modupe R / Odunuga, Patricia T / Kalejaye, Folasade / Yinka-Ogunleye, Adesola F / Olalekan, Adesola / Ogundele, Sunday O / Ebruke, Bernard E / Kalada Richard, Atinuke / Anand Paramadhas, Bene D / Kurdi, Amanj / Sneddon, Jacqueline / Seaton, Andrew / Godman, Brian

Expert review of anti-infective therapy

2021 Volume 20, Issue 2, Page(s) 297–306

Abstract: Objectives: The understanding of antimicrobial utilization patterns is pertinent to successful implementation of the National Action Plans on Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR). There is, however, limited information on antibiotics utilization in Nigeria. ... ...

Abstract	Objectives: The understanding of antimicrobial utilization patterns is pertinent to successful implementation of the National Action Plans on Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR). There is, however, limited information on antibiotics utilization in Nigeria. This study was undertaken to build on existing information and provide direction for appropriate interventions including Antibiotics Stewardship Programs (ASP). Method: A Point Prevalence Study (PPS) was conducted in two public urban health facilities in Lagos, Nigeria using a design adapted from the European Center for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) and Global-PPS surveys. Results: The prevalence of antibiotics use was 80.6% administered mostly parenterally (83.1% of total prescriptions) with concerns with extended surgical antibiotics prophylaxis. The mostly used antibiotics in the secondary hospital were parenteral metronidazole (32.4%), ceftriaxone (27.5%), and amoxicillin + clavulanate (8.2%) while the mostly used in the tertiary hospital were ceftriaxone (25.3%), parenteral metronidazole (19.1%), and amoxicillin + clavulanate (9.3%). There was an appreciable lack of specific functional capacities, policies, and processes to promote appropriate antimicrobial use in both hospitals. Conclusions: There is high rate of antibiotics utilization in these facilities with lack of institutional frameworks and processes for ensuring appropriate antibiotic use. The study provides the information needed to improve future antimicrobial use in hospitals and reduce AMR.
MeSH term(s)	Amoxicillin ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use ; Anti-Infective Agents ; Ceftriaxone ; Clavulanic Acid ; Health Facilities ; Humans ; Metronidazole/therapeutic use ; Nigeria ; Prevalence ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Tertiary Care Centers ; Tertiary Healthcare
Chemical Substances	Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Anti-Infective Agents ; Metronidazole (140QMO216E) ; Clavulanic Acid (23521W1S24) ; Ceftriaxone (75J73V1629) ; Amoxicillin (804826J2HU)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-06-21
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Multicenter Study
ZDB-ID	2181279-2
ISSN	1744-8336 ; 1478-7210
ISSN (online)	1744-8336
ISSN	1478-7210
DOI	10.1080/14787210.2021.1941870
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Article ; Online: Malaria and Insecticide-Treated Net (ITN) Utilization among Orphans and Vulnerable Children in Nigeria

Oyeyemi Oyetunde T. / Akinseye Kehinde M. / Odewuyi Iyanuoluwa I. / Olayinka Rashidat O. / Ajibawo Oluwasegun E. / Ogunleye Imoleayo A. / Oyeyemi Ifeoluwa I.

Journal of Interdisciplinary Medicine, Vol 6, Iss 2, Pp 87-

2021 Volume 91

Abstract: Background: The lack of empirical data on the malaria status of orphans and vulnerable children (OVC), access to long-lasting insecticide-treated nets (LLINs), and knowledge about the disease can hamper the development of effective policies and programs ... ...

Abstract	Background: The lack of empirical data on the malaria status of orphans and vulnerable children (OVC), access to long-lasting insecticide-treated nets (LLINs), and knowledge about the disease can hamper the development of effective policies and programs to address their malaria-related needs. Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate knowledge of malaria transmission and utilization of LLINs among OVC in Ondo metropolis, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Ondo City, Ondo State, Nigeria, between January and March 2018. The study was carried out among 66 OVC (age 5–19 years) using questionnaires. Information on socio-demography, LLIN utilization, knowledge and risks of malaria transmission among OVC was sought. Results: The use of LLINs (80.9%) among OVC was significantly higher than the use of insecticide spray (6.1%) and mosquito coils (12.1%) (p <0.0001). Knowledge about malaria transmission was relatively high, and the majority of children (60.6%) believed malaria is mostly transmitted during the dry season. Fewer children (21.2%) had a history of malaria in the last 3 months. Conclusions: The risk of malaria transmission was low among OVC. Continuous accessibility of orphanage homes to LLINs should be sustained to prevent malaria transmission among OVC.
Keywords	malaria ; prevention ; knowledge ; long-lasting insecticide-treated nets ; vulnerable children ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	360
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-06-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Sciendo
Document type	Article ; Online
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