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Article: A simple rapid method of sample preparation for LC analysis of retinoyl beta-glucuronide and retinoic acid in water-based creams.

Barua, Arun B

Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis

2003 Volume 32, Issue 3, Page(s) 563–567

Abstract: A simple method of sample preparation for LC analysis of retinoic acid (RA) and retinoyl beta-glucuronide (RAG) in creams has been developed. Water-based cream of all trans-RAG, devoid of side effects but efficacious in the treatment of acne vulgaris, ... ...

Abstract	A simple method of sample preparation for LC analysis of retinoic acid (RA) and retinoyl beta-glucuronide (RAG) in creams has been developed. Water-based cream of all trans-RAG, devoid of side effects but efficacious in the treatment of acne vulgaris, was found to be hydrolyzed to RA in a temperature dependant manner. The potential benefits of water-based RAG cream stored at room temperature for the treatment of acne and wrinkle is discussed.
MeSH term(s)	Calibration ; Chromatography, Liquid ; Hydrolysis ; Keratolytic Agents/analysis ; Ointments ; Reference Standards ; Reproducibility of Results ; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet ; Tretinoin/analogs & derivatives ; Tretinoin/analysis
Chemical Substances	Keratolytic Agents ; Ointments ; retinoyl glucuronide (401-10-5) ; Tretinoin (5688UTC01R)
Language	English
Publishing date	2003-09-16
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	604917-5
ISSN	1873-264X ; 0731-7085
ISSN (online)	1873-264X
ISSN	0731-7085
DOI	10.1016/s0731-7085(03)00152-3
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Article: Absorption and conversion of a single oral dose of beta-carotene in corn oil to vitamin A in Sprague-Dawley rats with low reserve of vitamin A.

Barua, Arun B

International journal for vitamin and nutrition research. Internationale Zeitschrift fur Vitamin- und Ernahrungsforschung. Journal international de vitaminologie et de nutrition

2003 Volume 73, Issue 4, Page(s) 267–273

Abstract: This study was carried out to determine how much of a single oral dose of beta-carotene in oil is absorbed and how much of the absorbed dose is converted to retinoids in rats having a vitamin A reserve at the lowest end of adequate status. Weanling rats ... ...

Abstract	This study was carried out to determine how much of a single oral dose of beta-carotene in oil is absorbed and how much of the absorbed dose is converted to retinoids in rats having a vitamin A reserve at the lowest end of adequate status. Weanling rats raised on a vitamin A-deficient diet for four weeks were given a single oral dose of either corn oil or beta-carotene dissolved in corn oil (1.86 mumol). Serum, liver, and the entire digestive tract of the rats were analyzed for carotenoids and retinoids. Results showed that 4 hours after dosing, 1.64 mumol (88%) of the dose of beta-carotene was found intact, with 17.6% found in the stomach, 21% in the small intestine, and 49.3% in the large intestine. A total of 0.28 mumol of newly formed retinoids (expressed as retinyl palmitate) was present in serum, liver, and mucosa of small intestine. The results suggest that a single oral dose of beta-carotene might not be an effective way of raising vitamin A status in rats.
MeSH term(s)	Administration, Oral ; Animals ; Carotenoids/metabolism ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Corn Oil/administration & dosage ; Gastrointestinal Tract/metabolism ; Intestinal Absorption/physiology ; Liver/metabolism ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Retinoids/metabolism ; Vitamin A/biosynthesis ; Vitamin A Deficiency/metabolism ; beta Carotene/administration & dosage ; beta Carotene/metabolism ; beta Carotene/pharmacokinetics
Chemical Substances	Retinoids ; beta Carotene (01YAE03M7J) ; Vitamin A (11103-57-4) ; Carotenoids (36-88-4) ; Corn Oil (8001-30-7)
Language	English
Publishing date	2003-07
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	120692-8
ISSN	0300-9831
ISSN	0300-9831
DOI	10.1024/0300-9831.73.4.267
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Article ; Online: James Allen Olson (1924-2000).

Barua, Arun B / Furr, Harold C

The Journal of nutrition

2008 Volume 138, Issue 5, Page(s) 825–826

MeSH term(s)	Biochemistry/history ; Carotenoids/history ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Iowa ; Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ; Vitamin A/history
Chemical Substances	Vitamin A (11103-57-4) ; Carotenoids (36-88-4)
Language	English
Publishing date	2008-04-07
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Biography ; Historical Article ; Journal Article ; Portrait
ZDB-ID	218373-0
ISSN	1541-6100 ; 0022-3166
ISSN (online)	1541-6100
ISSN	0022-3166
DOI	10.1093/jn/138.5.825
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Article: Retinoyl beta-glucuronide: a biologically active interesting retinoid.

Barua, Arun B / Sidell, Neil

The Journal of nutrition

2003 Volume 134, Issue 1, Page(s) 286S–289S

Abstract: Numerous reports have indicated that the biological activity of all-trans retinoyl beta-glucuronide (RAG) is similar to that of all-trans-retinoic acid (RA), but without the toxic side effects of RA. In the present series of studies, we report new ... ...

Abstract	Numerous reports have indicated that the biological activity of all-trans retinoyl beta-glucuronide (RAG) is similar to that of all-trans-retinoic acid (RA), but without the toxic side effects of RA. In the present series of studies, we report new findings that support the contention that RAG can function as a nontoxic substitute for RA in a variety of clinic settings. One study on the effects of s.c. injected graded doses of RA and RAG (20-480 micromol/kg BW) into pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats showed that any differences between RAG and RA could be observed only at the highest dose levels of 360 and 420 micromol/kg BW, with RAG being much less toxic than RA. Similarly, daily topical application of RAG (0.16-1.6%) and RA (0.1-0.5%) to shaved swine dorsal skin for six mo resulted in redness and scabbing in RA-treated patches, and to a lesser extent in 1.6% RAG-treated, but not in other RAG-treated patches. Histological scores were significantly higher in the dermis and epidermis of RA-treated pigs than in RAG-treated pigs. Studies to document the pharmacokinetics of chronically administered RAG in mice indicated that, unlike RA, sustained blood levels of parent retinoid (RAG) can be achieved during at least 2 mo of daily administration. Another investigation to study the effects of RAG on the development and growth in nude mice of tumors derived from the human neuroblastoma cell line LA-N-5 showed that s.c. injection of RAG (30 micromol/kg BW) reduced tumor formation when the retinoid was first administered 3 d before tumor injection and continued daily for 30 d thereafter. In established tumors, RAG was shown to inhibit progressive tumor growth, the antitumor effects of RAG being comparable with RA. However, with RAG, as opposed to RA, there were no significant adverse physical side effects. Based on the results of these series of studies along with ample published reports over the last 15 y, we conclude that RAG may be a safe and effective alternative to RA and some other retinoids that are presently being utilized in the clinic.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Cell Division/drug effects ; Humans ; Injections, Subcutaneous ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Neuroblastoma/drug therapy ; Neuroblastoma/pathology ; Neuroblastoma/prevention & control ; Tretinoin/administration & dosage ; Tretinoin/analogs & derivatives ; Tretinoin/pharmacokinetics ; Tretinoin/toxicity
Chemical Substances	retinoyl glucuronide (401-10-5) ; Tretinoin (5688UTC01R)
Language	English
Publishing date	2003-05-14
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Comparative Study ; Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. ; Review
ZDB-ID	218373-0
ISSN	1541-6100 ; 0022-3166
ISSN (online)	1541-6100
ISSN	0022-3166
DOI	10.1093/jn/134.1.286S
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Article: Pharmacokinetics of all-trans retinoyl beta-glucuronide in rats following intraperitoneal and oral administration.

Romans, David A / Barua, Arun B / Olson, James Allen

International journal for vitamin and nutrition research. Internationale Zeitschrift fur Vitamin- und Ernahrungsforschung. Journal international de vitaminologie et de nutrition

2003 Volume 73, Issue 4, Page(s) 251–257

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to examine the pharmacokinetics of a single dose (6.3 mumol, 3 mg) of all-trans retinoyl beta-glucuronide (RAG), when given either orally in corn oil or by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) to ... ...

Abstract	The purpose of this study was to examine the pharmacokinetics of a single dose (6.3 mumol, 3 mg) of all-trans retinoyl beta-glucuronide (RAG), when given either orally in corn oil or by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) to adult Sprague-Dawley rats. Following dosing, serial blood samples were collected at various times up to 48 hours from each rat via saphenous vein puncture. Retinoids were extracted from plasma samples and analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. In the plasma of i.p.-dosed rats (n = 6), a derivative of RAG, tentatively identified as the lactone of RAG (RAGL), was the major product found. RAGL persisted in the plasma for up to 48 hours. Much smaller concentrations of RAG and of retinoic acid (RA) were also present in the plasma at two to four hours, but generally not thereafter. In orally dosed rats (n = 6), neither RAG nor its products, except for occasional traces of the lactone, were detected. Plasma retinol levels decreased in both i.p.-injected and orally treated rats, the decrease being significant in orally dosed rats.
MeSH term(s)	Administration, Oral ; Animals ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Injections, Intraperitoneal ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Retinoids/blood ; Tretinoin/administration & dosage ; Tretinoin/analogs & derivatives ; Tretinoin/blood ; Tretinoin/pharmacokinetics ; Vitamin A
Chemical Substances	Retinoids ; Vitamin A (11103-57-4) ; retinoyl glucuronide (401-10-5) ; Tretinoin (5688UTC01R)
Language	English
Publishing date	2003-07
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	120692-8
ISSN	0300-9831
ISSN	0300-9831
DOI	10.1024/0300-9831.73.4.251
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Article: Absorption and conversion of 11,12-(3)H-beta-carotene to vitamin A in Sprague-Dawley rats of different vitamin A status.

Goswami, Bhabesh C / Ivanoff, Kristi D / Barua, Arun B

The Journal of nutrition

2003 Volume 133, Issue 1, Page(s) 148–153

Abstract: The aim of this study was to determine the bioavailability and bioconversion to vitamin A of a single oral dose in oil or an aqueous dispersion of labeled beta-carotene in rats of different vitamin A status. Weanling Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a ... ...

Abstract	The aim of this study was to determine the bioavailability and bioconversion to vitamin A of a single oral dose in oil or an aqueous dispersion of labeled beta-carotene in rats of different vitamin A status. Weanling Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a vitamin A-deficient diet and supplemented for 4 wk with 0, 7, 21 and 63 micro g/(rat. d) of retinyl acetate. The rats, of different vitamin A status, were then given a single oral dose of 11,12-(3)H-beta-carotene (0.15 micro mol) dissolved in corn oil or dispersed in aqueous Tween 80. The rats were killed 4 or 24 h after the dose, and serum, liver, the entire digestive tract, other tissues, urine and feces were analyzed for carotenoids, retinoids and associated radioactivity. At 4 h after the dose, 85 +/- 9% of the administered radioactivity was recovered. Almost 50% of the dose was present as intact beta-carotene in the large intestine where further absorption and conversion was ruled out. The absorption of beta-carotene was very low, and < 5% of the radioactive dose was converted to retinoids. The absorption and conversion to vitamin A did not differ among rats of different vitamin A status. The results suggest that a single oral dose of beta-carotene might not be an effective way of raising vitamin A stores in the body.
MeSH term(s)	Administration, Oral ; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ; Animals ; Biological Availability ; Intestinal Absorption ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Tissue Distribution ; Vitamin A/biosynthesis ; Vitamin A Deficiency/metabolism ; beta Carotene/metabolism ; beta Carotene/pharmacokinetics
Chemical Substances	beta Carotene (01YAE03M7J) ; Vitamin A (11103-57-4)
Language	English
Publishing date	2003-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	218373-0
ISSN	1541-6100 ; 0022-3166
ISSN (online)	1541-6100
ISSN	0022-3166
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Article ; Online: Nivalenol Mycotoxin Concerns in Foods: An Overview on Occurrence, Impact on Human and Animal Health and Its Detection and Management Strategies.

Kumar, Pradeep / Mahato, Dipendra Kumar / Gupta, Akansha / Pandey, Surabhi / Paul, Veena / Saurabh, Vivek / Pandey, Arun Kumar / Selvakumar, Raman / Barua, Sreejani / Kapri, Mandira / Kumar, Manoj / Kaur, Charanjit / Tripathi, Abhishek Dutt / Gamlath, Shirani / Kamle, Madhu / Varzakas, Theodoros / Agriopoulou, Sofia

Toxins

2022 Volume 14, Issue 8

Abstract: ... Nivalenol (NIV), a type B trichothecene produced by numerous ...

Abstract	Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by fungi that infect a wide range of foods worldwide. Nivalenol (NIV), a type B trichothecene produced by numerous
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Edible Grain/chemistry ; Food Contamination/analysis ; Food Contamination/prevention & control ; Fusarium/metabolism ; Humans ; Mycotoxins/analysis ; Trichothecenes
Chemical Substances	Mycotoxins ; Trichothecenes ; nivalenol (5WOP02RM1U)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-07-31
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2518395-3
ISSN	2072-6651 ; 2072-6651
ISSN (online)	2072-6651
ISSN	2072-6651
DOI	10.3390/toxins14080527
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Article ; Online: A new approach to the assessment of marginal vitamin A deficiency in children in suburban Guwahati, India: hydrolysis of retinoyl glucuronide to retinoic acid.

Sarma, Pulin C / Goswami, Bhabesh C / Gogoi, Krishna / Bhattacharjee, Harsha / Barua, Arun B

The British journal of nutrition

2009 Volume 101, Issue 6, Page(s) 794–797

Abstract: The objective of the present study was to determine marginal vitamin A deficiency (VAD) by testing the hydrolysis of retinoyl glucuronide (RAG) to retinoic acid (RA) in children. Previous studies in rats showed that hydrolysis occurred when rats were ... ...

Abstract	The objective of the present study was to determine marginal vitamin A deficiency (VAD) by testing the hydrolysis of retinoyl glucuronide (RAG) to retinoic acid (RA) in children. Previous studies in rats showed that hydrolysis occurred when rats were vitamin A deficient. Children (n 61) aged 3-18 years, were divided into two groups, I and II. Blood was collected from the children in Group I (n 19) who were not dosed with RAG. Children in Group II (n 42) were administered all-trans retinoyl glucuronide (RAG) orally, and blood was collected 4 h after the dose. All serum samples were analysed for retinoids and carotenoids. RA was detected in serum only when serum retinol was < 0.85 micromol/l. Thus, hydrolysis of RAG to RA occurred in children with VAD or marginal VAD. Serum retinol was < 0.35 micromol/l in twenty-one children, 0.35-0.7 micromol/l in twenty-three children, 0.7-0.9 micromol/l in eleven children and >1 micromol/l in six children. Mean serum retinol in sixty-one children was 0.522 (sd 0.315) micromol/l. Mean beta-carotene (0.016 (sd 0.015) micromol/l) was far below normal compared to the level of lutein (0.176 (sd 0.10) micromol/l) in sixty-one children. A low beta-carotene level might be due to a low intake of carotene but high demand for vitamin A. The RAG hydrolysis test may prove to be a useful approach for the determination of marginal VAD with no clinical or subclinical signs of VAD. High prevalence of VAD amongst certain communities in Assam cannot be ruled out.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid/methods ; Developing Countries ; Female ; Humans ; India ; Linear Models ; Lutein/blood ; Male ; Nutritional Status ; Spectrophotometry/methods ; Tretinoin/analogs & derivatives ; Tretinoin/blood ; Tretinoin/metabolism ; Vitamin A Deficiency/diagnosis ; beta Carotene/blood
Chemical Substances	beta Carotene (01YAE03M7J) ; retinoyl glucuronide (401-10-5) ; Tretinoin (5688UTC01R) ; Lutein (X72A60C9MT)
Language	English
Publishing date	2009-05-08
Publishing country	England
Document type	Controlled Clinical Trial ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	280396-3
ISSN	1475-2662 ; 0007-1145
ISSN (online)	1475-2662
ISSN	0007-1145
DOI	10.1017/s0007114508047739
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Article: Xanthophyll Epoxides, Unlike β-Carotene Monoepoxides, Are Not Detectibly Absorbed by Humans

Barua, Arun B / Olson, James A

Journal of nutrition. 2001 Dec., v. 131, no. 12

2001

Abstract: Increased intake of fruits and vegetables is associated with reduced risk of cancer and other chronic diseases. Epoxycarotenoids are widely distributed in nature and constitute major dietary carotenoids in a number of fruits and vegetables. Previous ... ...

Abstract	Increased intake of fruits and vegetables is associated with reduced risk of cancer and other chronic diseases. Epoxycarotenoids are widely distributed in nature and constitute major dietary carotenoids in a number of fruits and vegetables. Previous studies have shown that β-carotene 5,6-epoxide was absorbed well by humans, and was much more active than β-carotene in inducing the differentiation of NB4 cells. Xanthophyll epoxides such as neoxanthin, violaxanthin and lutein 5,6-epoxide, are more abundant than epoxy-hydrocarbon carotenes in a number of vegetables and fruits that humans consume. To determine whether xanthophyll epoxides are also absorbed by humans, lutein 5,6-epoxide (taraxanthin) and zeaxanthin 5,6,5′6′-diepoxide (violaxanthin) were chemically prepared, dissolved in corn oil and orally administered to three human subjects. Analysis of plasma for carotenoids within 9 h after a single oral dose of either violaxanthin or taraxanthin failed to show any violaxanthin, taraxanthin or any of their metabolites.
Keywords	beta-carotene ; chronic diseases ; corn oil ; epoxides ; fruits ; humans ; lutein ; metabolites ; neoxanthin ; oral administration ; risk ; vegetables ; violaxanthin ; zeaxanthin
Language	English
Size	p. 3212-3215.
Publishing place	American Institute of Nutrition
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	218373-0
ISSN	1541-6100 ; 0022-3166
ISSN (online)	1541-6100
ISSN	0022-3166
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: A new approach to the assessment of marginal vitamin A deficiency in children in suburban Guwahati, India: hydrolysis of retinoyl glucuronide to retinoic acid

Sarma, Pulin C / Goswami, Bhabesh C / Gogoi, Krishna / Bhatacharjee, Harsha / Barua, Arun B

British journal of nutrition. 2009 Mar., v. 101, issue 6

2009

Abstract	The objective of the present study was to determine marginal vitamin A deficiency (VAD) by testing the hydrolysis of retinoyl glucuronide (RAG) to retinoic acid (RA) in children. Previous studies in rats showed that hydrolysis occurred when rats were vitamin A deficient. Children (n 61) aged 3-18 years, were divided into two groups, I and II. Blood was collected from the children in Group I (n 19) who were not dosed with RAG. Children in Group II (n 42) were administered all-trans retinoyl glucuronide (RAG) orally, and blood was collected 4 h after the dose. All serum samples were analysed for retinoids and carotenoids. RA was detected in serum only when serum retinol was < 0·85 μmol/l. Thus, hydrolysis of RAG to RA occurred in children with VAD or marginal VAD. Serum retinol was < 0·35 μmol/l in twenty-one children, 0·35-0·7 μmol/l in twenty-three children, 0·7-0·9 μmol/l in eleven children and >1 μmol/l in six children. Mean serum retinol in sixty-one children was 0·522 (sd 0·315) μmol/l. Mean β-carotene (0·016 (sd 0·015) μmol/l) was far below normal compared to the level of lutein (0·176 (sd 0·10) μmol/l) in sixty-one children. A low β-carotene level might be due to a low intake of carotene but high demand for vitamin A. The RAG hydrolysis test may prove to be a useful approach for the determination of marginal VAD with no clinical or subclinical signs of VAD. High prevalence of VAD amongst certain communities in Assam cannot be ruled out.
Keywords	child nutrition ; vitamin deficiencies ; vitamin A ; suburban areas ; hydrolysis ; retinoic acid ; children ; adolescents ; adolescent nutrition ; metabolites ; blood serum ; retinoids ; carotenoids ; beta-carotene ; vitamin content ; disease prevalence ; nutrition assessment ; India
Language	English
Dates of publication	2009-03
Size	p. 794-797.
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	280396-3
ISSN	1475-2662 ; 0007-1145
ISSN (online)	1475-2662
ISSN	0007-1145
DOI	10.1017/S0007114508047739
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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