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Article ; Online: COVID-19 plasma induces subcellular remodelling within the pulmonary microvascular endothelium.

Passi, Rainha / Cholewa-Waclaw, Justyna / Wereski, Ryan / Bennett, Matthew / Veizades, Stefan / Berkeley, Bronwyn / Caporali, Andrea / Li, Ziwen / Rodor, Julie / Dewerchin, Mieke / Mills, Nicholas L / Beqqali, Abdelaziz / Brittan, Mairi / Baker, Andrew H

Vascular pharmacology

2024 Volume 154, Page(s) 107277

Abstract: Background: COVID-19 caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can affect multiple organ systems, including the pulmonary vasculature. Endothelial cells (ECs) are thought to play a key role in the propagation of COVID-19, ... ...

Abstract	Background: COVID-19 caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can affect multiple organ systems, including the pulmonary vasculature. Endothelial cells (ECs) are thought to play a key role in the propagation of COVID-19, however, our understanding of the exact scale of dysregulation sustained by the pulmonary microvasculature (pMV) remains incomplete. Here we aim to identify transcriptional, phenotypic, and functional changes within the pMV induced by COVID-19. Methods and results: Human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (HPMVEC) treated with plasma acquired from patients hospitalised with severe COVID-19 were compared to HPMVEC treated with plasma from patients hospitalised without COVID-19 but with other severe illnesses. Exposure to COVID-19 plasma caused a significant functional decline in HPMVECs as seen by a decrease in both cell viability via the WST-1 cell-proliferation assay and cell-to-cell barrier function as measured by electric cell-substrate impedance sensing. High-content imaging using a Cell Painting image-based assay further quantified morphological variations within sub-cellular organelles to show phenotypic changes in the whole endothelial cell, nucleus, mitochondria, plasma membrane and nucleolus morphology. RNA-sequencing of HPMVECs treated with COVID-19 plasma suggests the observed phenotype may, in part, be regulated by genes such as SMAD7, BCOR, SFMBT1, IFIT5 and ZNF566 which are involved in transcriptional regulation, protein monoubiquitination and TGF-β signalling. Conclusion and impact: During COVID-19, the pMV undergoes significant remodelling, which is evident based on the functional, phenotypic, and transcriptional changes seen following exposure to COVID-19 plasma. The observed morphological variation may be responsible for downstream complications, such as a decline in overall cellular function and cell-to-cell barrier integrity. Moreover, genes identified through bulk RNA sequencing may contribute to our understanding of the observed phenotype and assist in developing strategies that can inform the rescue of the dysregulated endothelium.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Endothelial Cells/metabolism ; SARS-CoV-2 ; COVID-19 ; Lung ; Endothelium
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-23
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2082846-9
ISSN	1879-3649 ; 1537-1891 ; 1879-3649
ISSN (online)	1879-3649 ; 1537-1891
ISSN	1879-3649
DOI	10.1016/j.vph.2024.107277
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Article ; Online: SiAl composite feedhorn arrays for astrophysical applications: Cryogenic material properties.

Ali, Aamir M / Essinger-Hileman, Thomas / Marriage, Tobias / Appel, John W / Bennett, Charles L / Berkeley, Matthew R / Bulcha, Berhanu / Chuss, David T / Dahal, Sumit / Denis, Kevin L / Rostem, Karwan / U-Yen, Kongpop / Wollack, Edward J / Zeng, Lingzhen

The Review of scientific instruments

2022 Volume 93, Issue 2, Page(s) 24503

Abstract: A study investigating the physical properties and use of the SiAl composite Controlled Expansion 7 (CE7) for the packaging of silicon bolometric detectors for millimeter-wave astrophysical applications at cryogenic temperatures is presented. The existing ...

Abstract	A study investigating the physical properties and use of the SiAl composite Controlled Expansion 7 (CE7) for the packaging of silicon bolometric detectors for millimeter-wave astrophysical applications at cryogenic temperatures is presented. The existing interfaces to such detectors are typically made of either ductile metals or micro-machined silicon. As a composite of Si and Al, we find that CE7 exhibits properties of both in ways that may be advantageous for this application. This exploration of the physical properties of CE7 reveals: (a) superconductivity below a critical transition temperature, T
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	209865-9
ISSN	1089-7623 ; 0034-6748
ISSN (online)	1089-7623
ISSN	0034-6748
DOI	10.1063/5.0049526
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Article ; Online: Is the Use of Physical Discipline Associated with Aggressive Behaviors in Young Children?

Thompson, Richard / Kaczor, Kim / Lorenz, Douglas J / Bennett, Berkeley L / Meyers, Gabriel / Pierce, Mary Clyde

Academic pediatrics

2017 Volume 17, Issue 1, Page(s) 34–44

Abstract: Objective: To determine the association between use of physical discipline and parental report of physically aggressive child behaviors in a cohort of young children who were without indicators of current or past physical abuse.: Methods: The data ... ...

Abstract	Objective: To determine the association between use of physical discipline and parental report of physically aggressive child behaviors in a cohort of young children who were without indicators of current or past physical abuse. Methods: The data for this study were analyzed from an initial cohort of patients enrolled in a prospective, observational, multicenter pediatric emergency department-based study investigating bruising and familial psychosocial characteristics of children younger than 4 years of age. Over a 7-month period, structured parental interviews were conducted regarding disciplinary practices, reported child behaviors, and familial psychosocial risk factors. Children with suspected physical abuse were excluded from this study. Trained study staff collected data using standardized questions. Consistent with grounded theory, qualitative coding by 2 independent individuals was performed using domains rooted in the data. Inter-rater reliability of the coding process was evaluated using the kappa statistic. Descriptive statistics were calculated and multiple logistic regression modeling was performed. Results: Three hundred seventy-two parental interviews were conducted. Parents who reported using physical discipline were 2.8 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.7-4.5) times more likely to report aggressive child behaviors of hitting/kicking and throwing. Physical discipline was used on 38% of children overall, and was 2.4 (95% CI, 1.4-4.1) times more likely to be used in families with any of the psychosocial risk factors examined. Conclusions: Our findings indicated that the use of physical discipline was associated with higher rates of reported physically aggressive behaviors in early childhood as well as with the presence of familial psychosocial risk factors.
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2483385-X
ISSN	1876-2867 ; 1876-2859
ISSN (online)	1876-2867
ISSN	1876-2859
DOI	10.1016/j.acap.2016.02.014
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Article ; Online: Improving Emergency Department Care for Pediatric Victims of Sexual Abuse.

Hoehn, Erin F / Overmann, Kevin M / Fananapazir, Nafeh / Simonton, Kirsten / Makoroff, Kathi L / Bennett, Berkeley L / Duma, Elena M / Murtagh Kurowski, Eileen

Pediatrics

2018 Volume 142, Issue 6

Abstract: Background and objective: Evidence-based medical care of sexual abuse victims who present to the pediatric emergency department (PED) is necessary to facilitate forensic evidence collection and prevent pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections. ... ...

Abstract	Background and objective: Evidence-based medical care of sexual abuse victims who present to the pediatric emergency department (PED) is necessary to facilitate forensic evidence collection and prevent pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections. Adherence to testing and treatment guidelines remains low in PEDs, despite recommendations from the American Academy of Pediatrics and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. We aimed to increase the proportion of patient encounters at a PED for reported sexual abuse that receive algorithm-adherent care from 57% to 90% within 12 months. Methods: Our team of PED and child abuse pediatricians outlined our theory for improvement, and multiple plan-do-study-act cycles were conducted to test interventions that were aimed at key drivers. Interventions included the construction of a best practice algorithm derived from published guidelines, targeted clinician education, and integration of an electronic order set. Our primary outcome was the proportion of patient encounters in which care adhered to algorithm recommendations. Data were abstracted from the records of all patient encounters evaluated in the PED for reported sexual abuse. Results: We analyzed 657 visits between July 2015 and January 2018. The proportion of patient encounters with algorithm-adherent care improved from 57% to 87% during the study period. This improvement has been sustained for 13 months. Failure to test for hepatitis and syphilis constituted the majority of nonadherent care. Conclusions: Using improvement methodology, we successfully increased algorithm-adherent evaluation and management of patients presenting for sexual abuse. Targeted education and an electronic order set were associated with improved adherence to a novel care algorithm.
MeSH term(s)	Algorithms ; Child ; Child Abuse/therapy ; Emergency Medical Services/standards ; Emergency Service, Hospital/organization & administration ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Guideline Adherence ; Hospitals, Pediatric ; Humans ; Male ; Quality Improvement ; Retrospective Studies ; United States
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-11-09
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	207677-9
ISSN	1098-4275 ; 0031-4005
ISSN (online)	1098-4275
ISSN	0031-4005
DOI	10.1542/peds.2018-1811
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Article ; Online: Optimizing Rapid Sequence Intubation for Medical and Trauma Patients in the Pediatric Emergency Department.

Bennett, Berkeley L / Scherzer, Daniel / Gold, Delia / Buckingham, Don / McClain, Andrew / Hill, Elaise / Andoh, Adjoa / Christman, Joseph / Shonk, Andrew / Spencer, Sandra P

Pediatric quality & safety

2020 Volume 5, Issue 5, Page(s) e353

Abstract: Introduction: Rapid sequence intubation (RSI) is a critical procedure for severely ill and injured patients presenting to the pediatric emergency department (PED). This procedure has a high risk of complications, and multiple attempts increase this risk. ...

Abstract	Introduction: Rapid sequence intubation (RSI) is a critical procedure for severely ill and injured patients presenting to the pediatric emergency department (PED). This procedure has a high risk of complications, and multiple attempts increase this risk. We aimed to increase successful intubation within two attempts, focusing on medical and trauma patients separately to identify improvement barriers for each group. Methods: A multifaceted intervention was implemented using quality improvement methods. The analysis included adherence to the standardized process, successful intubation within two attempts, and frequency of oxygen saturations <92% during laryngoscopy. Trauma and medical patients were analyzed separately as team composition differed for each. Results: This project began in February 2018, and we included 290 patients between April 2018 and December 2019. Adherence to the standardized process was sustained at 91% for medical patients and a baseline of 55% for trauma patients with a trend toward improvement. In May 2018, we observed and sustained special cause variations for medical patients' successful intubations within two attempts (77-89%). In September 2018, special cause variation was observed and sustained for the successful intubation of trauma patients within two attempts (89-96%). The frequency of oxygen saturation of <92% was 21% for medical patients; only one trauma patient experienced oxygen desaturation. Conclusion: Implementation of a standardized process significantly improved successful intubations within two attempts for medical and trauma patients. Trauma teams had more gradual adherence to the standardized process, which may be related to the relative infrequency of intubations and variable team composition.
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-09-25
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2472-0054
ISSN (online)	2472-0054
DOI	10.1097/pq9.0000000000000353
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Article ; Online: The Diagnostic Error Index: A Quality Improvement Initiative to Identify and Measure Diagnostic Errors.

Perry, Michael F / Melvin, Jennifer E / Kasick, Rena T / Kersey, Kelly E / Scherzer, Daniel J / Kamboj, Manmohan K / Gajarski, Robert J / Noritz, Garey H / Bode, Ryan S / Novak, Kimberly J / Bennett, Berkeley L / Hill, Ivor D / Hoffman, Jeffrey M / McClead, Richard E

The Journal of pediatrics

2020 Volume 232, Page(s) 257–263

Abstract: Objective: To develop a diagnostic error index (DEI) aimed at providing a practical method to identify and measure serious diagnostic errors.: Study design: A quality improvement (QI) study at a quaternary pediatric medical center. Five well-defined ... ...

Abstract	Objective: To develop a diagnostic error index (DEI) aimed at providing a practical method to identify and measure serious diagnostic errors. Study design: A quality improvement (QI) study at a quaternary pediatric medical center. Five well-defined domains identified cases of potential diagnostic errors. Identified cases underwent an adjudication process by a multidisciplinary QI team to determine if a diagnostic error occurred. Confirmed diagnostic errors were then aggregated on the DEI. The primary outcome measure was the number of monthly diagnostic errors. Results: From January 2017 through June 2019, 105 cases of diagnostic error were identified. Morbidity and mortality conferences, institutional root cause analyses, and an abdominal pain trigger tool were the most frequent domains for detecting diagnostic errors. Appendicitis, fractures, and nonaccidental trauma were the 3 most common diagnoses that were missed or had delayed identification. Conclusions: A QI initiative successfully created a pragmatic approach to identify and measure diagnostic errors by utilizing a DEI. The DEI established a framework to help guide future initiatives to reduce diagnostic errors.
MeSH term(s)	Delayed Diagnosis/prevention & control ; Delayed Diagnosis/statistics & numerical data ; Diagnostic Errors/prevention & control ; Diagnostic Errors/statistics & numerical data ; Hospitals, Pediatric/standards ; Hospitals, Pediatric/statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; Ohio ; Quality Improvement/organization & administration ; Quality Improvement/statistics & numerical data ; Quality Indicators, Health Care/standards ; Quality Indicators, Health Care/statistics & numerical data ; Retrospective Studies
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-12-07
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	3102-1
ISSN	1097-6833 ; 0022-3476
ISSN (online)	1097-6833
ISSN	0022-3476
DOI	10.1016/j.jpeds.2020.11.065
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Article ; Online: Standardizing the Evaluation of Nonaccidental Trauma in a Large Pediatric Emergency Department.

Riney, Lauren C / Frey, Theresa M / Fain, Emily T / Duma, Elena M / Bennett, Berkeley L / Murtagh Kurowski, Eileen

Pediatrics

2017 Volume 141, Issue 1

Abstract: Background and objectives: Variability exists in the evaluation of nonaccidental trauma (NAT) in the pediatric emergency department because of misconceptions and individual bias of clinicians. Further maltreatment, injury, and death can ensue if these ... ...

Abstract	Background and objectives: Variability exists in the evaluation of nonaccidental trauma (NAT) in the pediatric emergency department because of misconceptions and individual bias of clinicians. Further maltreatment, injury, and death can ensue if these children are not evaluated appropriately. The implementation of guidelines for NAT evaluation has been successful in decreasing differences in care as influenced by race and ethnicity of the patient and their family. Our Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Realistic, and Timely aim was to increase the percent of patients evaluated in the emergency department for NAT who receive guideline-adherent evaluation from 47% to 80% by December 31, 2016. Methods: The team determined key drivers for the project and tested them by using multiple plan-do-study-act cycles. Interventions included construction of a best practice guideline, provider education, integration of the guideline into workflow, and order set construction to support guideline recommendations. Data were compiled from electronic medical records to identify patients <3 years of age evaluated in the pediatric emergency department for suspected NAT based on chart review. Adherence to guideline recommendations for age-specific evaluation (<6, 6-12, and >12-36 months) was tracked over time on statistical process control charts to evaluate the impact of the interventions. Results: A total of 640 encounters had provider concern for NAT and were included in the analysis. Adherence to age-specific guideline recommendations improved from a baseline of 47% to 69%. Conclusions: With our improvement methodology, we successfully increased guideline-adherent evaluation for patients with provider concern for NAT. Education and electronic support at the point of care were key drivers for initial implementation.
MeSH term(s)	Child Abuse/diagnosis ; Child Abuse/statistics & numerical data ; Child, Preschool ; Craniocerebral Trauma/diagnosis ; Craniocerebral Trauma/epidemiology ; Diagnostic Imaging/standards ; Emergency Service, Hospital/statistics & numerical data ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Guideline Adherence ; Hospitals, Pediatric ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Injury Severity Score ; Male ; Mandatory Reporting ; Patient Admission/statistics & numerical data ; Physical Examination/standards ; Practice Guidelines as Topic/standards ; Risk Assessment ; Tertiary Care Centers ; Treatment Outcome ; Wounds and Injuries/diagnosis ; Wounds and Injuries/therapy
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-12-06
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Evaluation Studies ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	207677-9
ISSN	1098-4275 ; 0031-4005
ISSN (online)	1098-4275
ISSN	0031-4005
DOI	10.1542/peds.2017-1994
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Article ; Online: The Prevalence of Bruising Among Infants in Pediatric Emergency Departments.

Pierce, Mary C / Magana, Julia N / Kaczor, Kim / Lorenz, Douglas J / Meyers, Gabriel / Bennett, Berkeley L / Kanegaye, John T

Annals of emergency medicine

2016 Volume 67, Issue 1, Page(s) 1–8

Abstract: Study objective: Bruising can indicate abuse for infants. Bruise prevalence among infants in the pediatric emergency department (ED) setting is unknown. Our objective is to determine prevalence of bruising, associated chief complaints, and frequency of ... ...

Abstract	Study objective: Bruising can indicate abuse for infants. Bruise prevalence among infants in the pediatric emergency department (ED) setting is unknown. Our objective is to determine prevalence of bruising, associated chief complaints, and frequency of abuse evaluations in previously healthy infants presenting to pediatric EDs. Methods: We conducted a prospective, observational, multicenter study of infants aged 12 months or younger presenting to pediatric EDs. Structured sampling was used. Pediatric emergency medicine clinicians performed complete skin examinations to screen for bruising. Study investigators documented skin findings, date of visit, patient's age, chief complaint, and abuse evaluation. The primary outcome was prevalence of bruising. Secondary outcomes were prevalence of bruising based on chief complaint and frequency of abuse evaluation. Point estimates of bruise prevalence and differences in bruise prevalence between patient subgroups were calculated with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: Bruising was identified in 88 of 2,488 infants (3.5%; 95% CI 2.9% to 4.4%). Rates of bruising for infants 5 months and younger and older than 5 months were 1.3% and 6.4%, respectively (difference 5.1%; 95% CI 3.6% to 6.8%). For infants 5 months and younger, 83% of bruising was associated with a trauma chief complaint and only 0.2% of infants presenting with a medical chief complaint had bruising. Pediatric emergency medicine clinicians obtained abuse evaluations on 23% of infants with bruising, and that rate increased to 50% for infants 5 months and younger. Conclusion: Bruising prevalence in children 12 months and younger who were evaluated in pediatric EDs was low, increased within age strata, and was most often associated with a trauma chief complaint. Most bruised infants did not undergo an abuse evaluation.
MeSH term(s)	Child Abuse/diagnosis ; Contusions/epidemiology ; Contusions/etiology ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Prevalence ; Prospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; United States/epidemiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Multicenter Study ; Observational Study ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	603080-4
ISSN	1097-6760 ; 0196-0644
ISSN (online)	1097-6760
ISSN	0196-0644
DOI	10.1016/j.annemergmed.2015.06.021
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Article ; Online: Elevated cardiac troponin I level in cases of thoracic nonaccidental trauma.

Bennett, Berkeley L / Mahabee-Gittens, Melinda / Chua, Michael S / Hirsch, Russel

Pediatric emergency care

2011 Volume 27, Issue 10, Page(s) 941–944

Abstract: Background: Injury patterns in nonaccidental trauma (NAT) often include injury to the chest. However, signs and symptoms of cardiac insult are often nonspecific and may be missed. Evaluation with serum cardiac troponin I (CTnI), a specific indicator of ... ...

Abstract	Background: Injury patterns in nonaccidental trauma (NAT) often include injury to the chest. However, signs and symptoms of cardiac insult are often nonspecific and may be missed. Evaluation with serum cardiac troponin I (CTnI), a specific indicator of myocardial injury, could improve the comprehensive evaluation of patients with suspected NAT. Objective: The objective of this study was to describe the patient characteristics and results of CTnI testing in children with thoracic NAT. Methods: Children presenting to the emergency department were included if CTnI was obtained and they had at least one of the following: history of blunt trauma to the chest, bruising or abrasions to the chest, or fractures of the ribs, sternum, or clavicles. A serum CTnI level above 0.04 ng/mL was considered elevated. Results: Ten patients (6 males) with an age range from 2 months to 4 years (mean [SD], 20 [20] months) were identified during the 17-month study period. All patients were evaluated with NAT. Cardiac troponin I level was elevated in 7 (70%) of 10 patients with levels between 2 and 50 times the upper limit of normal. Conclusions: This report is the first to document elevation of CTnI levels in cases of thoracic NAT. The elevation of the level of this specific biomarker may be indicative of sufficient chest trauma to result in the heart being injured, independent of the presence of cardiac decompensation or shock from other causes. Prospective evaluation of the forensic and clinical use of CTnI in this population is warranted.
MeSH term(s)	Child Abuse/diagnosis ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Heart Injuries/diagnosis ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Retrospective Studies ; Thoracic Injuries/blood ; Troponin I/blood ; Wounds, Nonpenetrating/blood
Chemical Substances	Troponin I
Language	English
Publishing date	2011-09-30
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Case Reports ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	632588-9
ISSN	1535-1815 ; 0749-5161
ISSN (online)	1535-1815
ISSN	0749-5161
DOI	10.1097/PEC.0b013e3182307afe
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Article ; Online: Healthy families: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial of a screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment intervention for caregivers to reduce secondhand smoke exposure among pediatric emergency patients.

Mahabee-Gittens, E Melinda / Ammerman, Robert T / Khoury, Jane C / Stone, Lara / Meyers, Gabe T / Witry, John K / Merianos, Ashley L / Mancuso, Tierney F / Stackpole, Kristin M W / Bennett, Berkeley L / Akers, Laura / Gordon, Judith S

BMC public health

2017 Volume 17, Issue 1, Page(s) 374

Abstract: Background: Involuntary exposure to secondhand smoke (SHSe) is an important cause of morbidity in children who present to the pediatric emergency department (PED) and urgent care (UC). SHSe interventions delivered in the PED and UC would benefit both ... ...

Abstract	Background: Involuntary exposure to secondhand smoke (SHSe) is an important cause of morbidity in children who present to the pediatric emergency department (PED) and urgent care (UC). SHSe interventions delivered in the PED and UC would benefit both the smoker and child, but there have been no large trials testing the efficacy of such interventions. The Healthy Families program is the first randomized controlled trial to test whether a screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment (SBIRT) intervention delivered in the PED and UC will be effective in decreasing SHSe in children and increasing cessation in smokers. Methods/design: This trial uses a randomized, two-group design in which caregiver-smokers of children 0-17 years old are recruited from the PED and UC. Eligible caregiver-smokers are randomized to either the: 1) SBIRT Condition with face-to-face, tailored counseling that focuses on the child's illness, the importance of reducing child SHSe, caregiver smoking cessation, and the option to receive nicotine replacement therapy; or 2) Healthy Habits Control Condition which includes face-to-face, tailored attention control "5-2-1-0" counseling that focuses on improving the child's health. Dyadic assessments are conducted in-person at baseline, and via email, phone, or in-person at 6-weeks and 6-months. The primary outcomes are biochemically-verified, 7-day point prevalence and prolonged smoking abstinence. Secondary outcomes are cigarettes smoked per week, 24 h quit attempts, and biochemically validated child SHSe at each time point. The costs of this intervention will also be analyzed. Discussion: This study will test an innovative, multilevel intervention designed to reduce child SHSe and increase smoking cessation in caregivers. If effective and routinely used, this SBIRT model could reach at least one million smokers a year in the U.S., resulting in significant reductions in caregivers' tobacco use, SHSe-related pediatric illness, and healthcare costs in this population of children. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02531594. Date of registration: August 4, 2015.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Ambulatory Care/organization & administration ; Caregivers ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Family Health ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Referral and Consultation/organization & administration ; Research Design ; Smoking Cessation/methods ; Tobacco Smoke Pollution/prevention & control ; United States
Chemical Substances	Tobacco Smoke Pollution
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-05-02
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial
ISSN	1471-2458
ISSN (online)	1471-2458
DOI	10.1186/s12889-017-4278-8
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