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  1. Book: Long noncoding RNA

    Carpenter, Susan

    mechanistic insights and roles in inflammation

    (Advances in experimental medicine and biology ; 1363)

    2022  

    Author's details Susan Carpenter editor
    Series title Advances in experimental medicine and biology ; 1363
    Collection
    Keywords Non-coding RNA. ; Non-coding RNA/Therapeutic use ; Inflammation/Treatment
    Subject code 572.88
    Language English
    Size ix, 189 Seiten, Illustrationen, Diagramme, 26 cm
    Publisher Springer
    Publishing place Cham
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Book
    HBZ-ID HT021275751
    ISBN 978-3-030-92033-3 ; 9783030920340 ; 3-030-92033-X ; 3030920348
    Database Catalogue ZB MED Medicine, Health

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  2. Article ; Online: From periphery to center stage: 50 years of advancements in innate immunity.

    Carpenter, Susan / O'Neill, Luke A J

    Cell

    2024  Volume 187, Issue 9, Page(s) 2030–2051

    Abstract: Over the past 50 years in the field of immunology, something of a Copernican revolution has happened. For a long time, immunologists were mainly concerned with what is termed adaptive immunity, which involves the exquisitely specific activities of ... ...

    Abstract Over the past 50 years in the field of immunology, something of a Copernican revolution has happened. For a long time, immunologists were mainly concerned with what is termed adaptive immunity, which involves the exquisitely specific activities of lymphocytes. But the other arm of immunity, so-called "innate immunity," had been neglected. To celebrate Cell's 50
    MeSH term(s) Immunity, Innate ; Humans ; Animals ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Adaptive Immunity ; Allergy and Immunology/history
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-24
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review ; Historical Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 187009-9
    ISSN 1097-4172 ; 0092-8674
    ISSN (online) 1097-4172
    ISSN 0092-8674
    DOI 10.1016/j.cell.2024.03.036
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article: Challenges and Future Directions for LncRNAs and Inflammation.

    Halasz, Haley / Carpenter, Susan

    Advances in experimental medicine and biology

    2022  Volume 1363, Page(s) 179–183

    Abstract: Until somewhat recently, the complexity of the human genome has not been well understood. With advancements in sequencing technology, we now know that nearly the whole genome is transcribed but a very small portion of those transcripts code for proteins. ...

    Abstract Until somewhat recently, the complexity of the human genome has not been well understood. With advancements in sequencing technology, we now know that nearly the whole genome is transcribed but a very small portion of those transcripts code for proteins. As the research of non-coding genes and transcripts has evolved rapidly in the last decade, it has become clear that many of them serve important biological functions in many previously well-studied cell processes. As the previous chapters in this book have reviewed, the field of noncoding RNA research has provided new insights into specific disease states, especially those driven by inflammation. Understanding the basic mechanisms of non-coding RNAs in the context of inflammation has led to prospective therapeutics that may overcome many of the challenges faced in diagnosing and treating inflammatory diseases. In this final chapter we discuss the current state of the field of non-coding RNA therapeutics and how it may evolve to overcome the short cummings we currently face with diagnosing and treating inflammatory diseases.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Inflammation/genetics ; RNA, Long Noncoding/genetics ; RNA, Long Noncoding/metabolism ; RNA, Untranslated/genetics
    Chemical Substances RNA, Long Noncoding ; RNA, Untranslated
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-02-26
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2214-8019 ; 0065-2598
    ISSN (online) 2214-8019
    ISSN 0065-2598
    DOI 10.1007/978-3-030-92034-0_10
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Short open reading frame genes in innate immunity: from discovery to characterization.

    Malekos, Eric / Carpenter, Susan

    Trends in immunology

    2022  Volume 43, Issue 9, Page(s) 741–756

    Abstract: Next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies have greatly expanded the size of the known transcriptome. Many newly discovered transcripts are classified as long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) which are assumed to affect phenotype through sequence and ... ...

    Abstract Next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies have greatly expanded the size of the known transcriptome. Many newly discovered transcripts are classified as long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) which are assumed to affect phenotype through sequence and structure and not via translated protein products despite the vast majority of them harboring short open reading frames (sORFs). Recent advances have demonstrated that the noncoding designation is incorrect in many cases and that sORF-encoded peptides (SEPs) translated from these transcripts are important contributors to diverse biological processes. Interest in SEPs is at an early stage and there is evidence for the existence of thousands of SEPs that are yet unstudied. We hope to pique interest in investigating this unexplored proteome by providing a discussion of SEP characterization generally and describing specific discoveries in innate immunity.
    MeSH term(s) Immunity, Innate ; Open Reading Frames ; Peptides ; RNA, Long Noncoding ; Transcriptome
    Chemical Substances Peptides ; RNA, Long Noncoding
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-08-11
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 2036831-8
    ISSN 1471-4981 ; 1471-4906
    ISSN (online) 1471-4981
    ISSN 1471-4906
    DOI 10.1016/j.it.2022.07.005
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article: Introduction and Overview.

    Vollmers, Apple / Carpenter, Susan

    Advances in experimental medicine and biology

    2022  Volume 1363, Page(s) 3–8

    Abstract: As sequencing technologies improved, new classes of genes were uncovered. Initially, many of these were considered non-functional given their low protein-coding potential but have now emerged as important regulators of biological processes. One of the ... ...

    Abstract As sequencing technologies improved, new classes of genes were uncovered. Initially, many of these were considered non-functional given their low protein-coding potential but have now emerged as important regulators of biological processes. One of the new classes of genes are called long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs). LncRNAs are the largest group of transcribed RNA. As their name suggests, they are non-protein coding genes. To differentiate them from other smaller, noncoding RNAs, lncRNAs are transcripts whose length are greater than 200 nucleotides. According to GENCODE Release 38, there are approximately 18,000 lncRNAs, of which only 4% have a known function. Of the lncRNAs characterized, many of them play regulatory roles in many biological processes, including regulation of gene expression, alternative splicing, chromatin modification, protein activity, and posttranscriptional mechanisms. Compared to protein coding genes, lncRNAs show high cell type specificity. Many lncRNAs have been shown to be expressed in distinct immune cell populations and play RNA-mediated immune-regulatory roles. Many aspects of the immune response, including the duration, magnitude, and subsequent return to homeostasis are carefully controlled. Dysregulation of lncRNAs can result in an uncontrolled immune response, which can lead to a variety of immune-related diseases. This introduction aims to summarize the chapters highlighting the discovery of lncRNAs, their role in the immune response, and their functional characterization, either through interaction with DNA, RNA, and/or proteins in distinct immune cell populations or cells implicated in immune-related diseases. Additionally, the immune regulatory role of lncRNAs will be covered, and how lncRNA localization, sequence and secondary structure can inform function. Delving into this largely unexplored field can identify lncRNAs as potential therapeutic targets.
    MeSH term(s) Alternative Splicing ; Immunity ; RNA, Long Noncoding/genetics ; RNA, Long Noncoding/metabolism ; Sequence Analysis, RNA
    Chemical Substances RNA, Long Noncoding
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-02-26
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2214-8019 ; 0065-2598
    ISSN (online) 2214-8019
    ISSN 0065-2598
    DOI 10.1007/978-3-030-92034-0_1
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: What sequencing technologies can teach us about innate immunity.

    Mohammed Salih, Mays / Carpenter, Susan

    Immunological reviews

    2021  Volume 305, Issue 1, Page(s) 9–28

    Abstract: For years, we have taken a reductionist approach to understanding gene regulation through the study of one gene in one cell at a time. While this approach has been fruitful it is laborious and fails to provide a global picture of what is occurring in ... ...

    Abstract For years, we have taken a reductionist approach to understanding gene regulation through the study of one gene in one cell at a time. While this approach has been fruitful it is laborious and fails to provide a global picture of what is occurring in complex situations involving tightly coordinated immune responses. The emergence of whole-genome techniques provides a system-level view of a response and can provide a plethora of information on events occurring in a cell from gene expression changes to splicing changes and chemical modifications. As with any technology, this often results in more questions than answers, but this wealth of knowledge is providing us with an unprecedented view of what occurs inside our cells during an immune response. In this review, we will discuss the current RNA-sequencing technologies and what they are helping us learn about the innate immune system.
    MeSH term(s) Gene Expression Regulation ; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing ; Humans ; Immune System ; Immunity, Innate/genetics ; Technology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-11-07
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ZDB-ID 391796-4
    ISSN 1600-065X ; 0105-2896
    ISSN (online) 1600-065X
    ISSN 0105-2896
    DOI 10.1111/imr.13033
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article: Editorial: Functions of Non-Coding RNA in Innate Immunity.

    Carpenter, Susan

    Frontiers in immunology

    2015  Volume 6, Page(s) 622

    Language English
    Publishing date 2015
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2606827-8
    ISSN 1664-3224
    ISSN 1664-3224
    DOI 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00622
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Condylar fracture location is correlated to exercise history in Thoroughbred racehorses.

    Bergstrom, Thomas C / Spriet, Mathieu / Carpenter, Ryan S / Jacques, Kevin L / Stover, Susan M

    Equine veterinary journal

    2024  

    Abstract: Background: Condylar fractures are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in Thoroughbred racehorses. Condylar fractures have a variety of fracture configurations that suggest there may be differences in aetiopathogenesis.: Objective: To determine ... ...

    Abstract Background: Condylar fractures are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in Thoroughbred racehorses. Condylar fractures have a variety of fracture configurations that suggest there may be differences in aetiopathogenesis.
    Objective: To determine if exercise history differs with condylar fracture location in a population of Thoroughbred racehorses.
    Study design: Retrospective analysis of clinical and exercise data.
    Methods: Exercise history of Thoroughbred racehorses that had condylar fracture repair between 1 January 2018 and 28 February 2021 was compared between racehorses that had fractures located radiographically either within the parasagittal groove (PSG) or abaxial to the PSG (non-PSG). Age, sex, and last event (race, timed work) matched control groups were compared between the PSG and non-PSG groups. Additionally, exercise history variables of both groups were each compared with a group-specific control population, each consisting of three control racehorses of equivalent age and sex matched to each affected racehorse by last event (race or official timed work) before fracture.
    Results: Eighty-two horses with 84 fractures (45 PSG, 39 non-PSG) met inclusion criteria. Age was not different between groups (PSG: 3.4 ± 1.3 years [mean ± SD], non-PSG: 3.7 ± 1.3, p = 0.3). Number of races (PSG: 5.3 ± 7.1, non-PSG: 11.4 ± 8.9, p < 0.001), total race furlongs (PSG: 38.2 ± 54.7, non-PSG: 79.2 ± 64, p = 0.003), and number of active days (PSG: 304 ± 224, non-PSG: 488 ± 314, p = 0.003) before fracture were greater; while mean number of layups was fewer (PSG: 1.0 ± 1.2, non-PSG: 0.5 ± 0.7, p = 0.02) in horses with non-PSG fracture. Horses with non-PSG fracture had more differences compared with their respective control group than horses with PSG fractures. Outcomes following fracture repair were not different between groups.
    Main limitations: Retrospective study, one regional racehorse population, two-dimensional imaging and potential inherent bias for fracture localisation, low statistical power for return to performance analysis.
    Conclusions: Thoroughbred racehorses with non-PSG condylar fractures have a more extensive exercise history than horses with PSG condylar fractures, suggesting differences in fracture aetiopathogenesis.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-07
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 41606-x
    ISSN 2042-3306 ; 0425-1644
    ISSN (online) 2042-3306
    ISSN 0425-1644
    DOI 10.1111/evj.14091
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Long noncoding RNA: Novel links between gene expression and innate immunity.

    Carpenter, Susan

    Virus research

    2016  Volume 212, Page(s) 137–145

    Abstract: Protection against infection and maintenance of homeostasis are the hallmarks of the innate immune system. The complex signaling cascades that occur following microbial infection have been studied intensely for a number of years and long noncoding RNA ( ... ...

    Abstract Protection against infection and maintenance of homeostasis are the hallmarks of the innate immune system. The complex signaling cascades that occur following microbial infection have been studied intensely for a number of years and long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) represent novel regulatory components of these pathways. The catalogue of lncRNA present in our genomes continues to increase as deep sequencing data becomes available. It is clear that they represent critical regulatory steps in a large number of biological systems yet we currently understand the functions for approximately 1% of all annotated lncRNA. This review will cover the recent findings on the emerging roles for lncRNA in controlling the inflammatory response and their mechanisms of action. Gaining a better understanding of these processes could facilitate the development of novel therapeutics to prevent damaging inflammation.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Gene Expression ; Humans ; Immunity, Innate ; RNA, Long Noncoding/genetics ; RNA, Long Noncoding/immunology ; Virus Diseases/genetics ; Virus Diseases/immunology ; Virus Diseases/virology ; Viruses/genetics ; Viruses/immunology
    Chemical Substances RNA, Long Noncoding
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-01-02
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ZDB-ID 605780-9
    ISSN 1872-7492 ; 0168-1702
    ISSN (online) 1872-7492
    ISSN 0168-1702
    DOI 10.1016/j.virusres.2015.08.019
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Determining the Function of Long Noncoding RNA in Innate Immunity.

    Carpenter, Susan

    Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)

    2016  Volume 1390, Page(s) 183–195

    Abstract: The advent of deep sequencing technologies has provided us with an unprecedented view of the human genome. Over 85 % of the genome is actively transcribed, yet we do not know the function of the vast majority of these RNA transcripts. Long noncoding RNAs ...

    Abstract The advent of deep sequencing technologies has provided us with an unprecedented view of the human genome. Over 85 % of the genome is actively transcribed, yet we do not know the function of the vast majority of these RNA transcripts. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNA) represent the largest group of RNA genes transcribed in the cell and currently there is limited experimental data supporting the functions of a very small proportion of these transcripts. lncRNA are expressed in a highly cell type specific manner and our interests involve understanding the role they play in innate immune signaling networks. In this chapter I will outline the approach we took to attempt to uncover the role for lncRNA in innate immune cells. Two of the main techniques required to study lncRNA are RNA-seq and loss of function analysis. This allows us to first identify all lncRNA in a cell type of choice and then try to determine the functional significance of these transcripts. This approach has been successful for us to date in identifying lincRNA-Cox2 as a highly inflammatory inducible lncRNA that is responsible for activation and repression of distinct immune genes.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Cell Line ; Cloning, Molecular ; Gene Expression ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Gene Library ; Humans ; Immunity, Innate/genetics ; Mice ; RNA Interference ; RNA, Long Noncoding/genetics ; RNA, Small Interfering/genetics ; Transfection
    Chemical Substances RNA, Long Noncoding ; RNA, Small Interfering
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 1940-6029
    ISSN (online) 1940-6029
    DOI 10.1007/978-1-4939-3335-8_12
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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