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Article: Trends in orthopaedic surgery resident case volume and the impact of COVID-19 on resident education.

Morrisey, Zachary / Carroll, Thomas / Castle, Patrick / Botros, Mina / Wilbur, Danielle

2023 Volume 47, Page(s) 50–57

Abstract: Introduction: COVID-19 had numerous objective and subjective effects on resident physician education. We intended to examine objective changes in orthopedic education that occurred during the COVID pandemic and other trends from 2018 to 2022 by ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: COVID-19 had numerous objective and subjective effects on resident physician education. We intended to examine objective changes in orthopedic education that occurred during the COVID pandemic and other trends from 2018 to 2022 by analyzing surgical case logs from Accreditation Counsel for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) approved American orthopedics programs. We hypothesized that surgical case load during the COVID pandemic would remain similar to pre-pandemic levels and case logs would show a general upward trend. Methods: We analyzed 3146 resident case-logs from the ACGME national case-log report from academic years (AY) 2018-2022. Surgical cases were classified by their Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes and grouped by anatomical location (shoulder, hand, etc.). Results: From AY 18-19 to "peak pandemic" AY 19-20, resident caseloads either had no change or increased in every orthopedic discipline with few exceptions. Residents performed fewer shoulder ( Discussion/conclusion: COVID had numerous effects on the orthopedic residency experience, however, any decreases in operative load were small, and largely isolated to the 19-20 AY. Microscopic and arthroscopic surgeries decreased during peak pandemic AY 19-20 when elective surgeries experienced cancellations. This illustrates that these areas of orthopedic education may be supplemented outside of the operating room if similar circumstances arise in the future. Otherwise, resident surgical caseloads continue to rise and show no signs of slowing.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-14
Publishing country	India
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2240839-3
ISSN	0972-978X
ISSN	0972-978X
DOI	10.1016/j.jor.2023.11.019
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Article: A new network analysis model in anorexia nervosa patients based on self-reported eating disorder symptoms, psychological distress, and cognitive flexibility.

Giles, Sarah / Hughes, Elizabeth K / Castle, David / Jenkins, Zoe / Phillipou, Andrea / Rossell, Susan / Urbini, Gemma / Fuller-Tyszkiewicz, Matthew / Krug, Isabel

The British journal of clinical psychology

2023 Volume 63, Issue 1, Page(s) 118–134

Abstract: ... in an AN sample.: Methods: One hundred and ninety-three treatment-seeking individuals diagnosed with AN (95.6% female, M ...

Abstract	Objectives: Cognitive flexibility and psychological distress, such as depression and anxiety, have been implicated in the aetiology of Anorexia Nervosa (AN). Despite the known associations between eating disorder (ED) symptoms, depression, anxiety, and cognitive flexibility, the specific pathways that connect these constructs are unclear. We therefore used network analysis to examine the relationship between these symptoms in an AN sample. Methods: One hundred and ninety-three treatment-seeking individuals diagnosed with AN (95.6% female, M = 26.89 [SD = 9.45] years old) completed self-report measures assessing depression, anxiety, cognitive flexibility, and ED symptoms. To determine each symptom's influence in the network, we calculated the expected influence. Results: The two relationships with the greatest edges were those between (1) weight/shape concerns and eating/dietary restraint and (2) weight/shape concerns and psychological distress (a measure that combined depression and anxiety). Cognitive flexibility was not connected to weight/shape concerns but had negative partial associations with eating concerns/dietary restraint and psychological distress. There was also a slight, non-zero connection between eating concerns/dietary restraint and psychological distress. Conclusions: The findings underscore the importance of weight/shape, eating/dietary concerns, and psychological distress in the AN network and suggest that addressing cognitive flexibility may be a useful target for eating concerns/dietary restraint and psychological distress. Future studies assessing the longitudinal course of psychopathology within the AN network structure may help in identifying whether specific symptoms function as risk factors or maintaining factors for this co-occurrence.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Female ; Child ; Male ; Anorexia Nervosa/psychology ; Self Report ; Feeding and Eating Disorders ; Psychological Distress ; Cognition
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-10
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	625324-6
ISSN	2044-8260 ; 0144-6657
ISSN (online)	2044-8260
ISSN	0144-6657
DOI	10.1111/bjc.12451
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Zs.A 185/a: Show issues

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Article ; Online: What accounts for turnover intention in the Australian public mental health workforce?

Haywood, Darren / Crocker, Kaitlyn M / Gnatt, Inge / Jenkins, Zoe / Bhat, Ravi / Lalitha, Anoop Raveendran Nair / Butterfield, Ingrid / Castle, David J

International journal of mental health nursing

2023 Volume 33, Issue 2, Page(s) 359–368

Abstract: High staff turnover is common within the Australian public mental health workforce, contributing to workforce shortages and ultimately impacting the ability to provide stable efficient, effective, and ongoing optimal care to the community. In this study, ...

Abstract	High staff turnover is common within the Australian public mental health workforce, contributing to workforce shortages and ultimately impacting the ability to provide stable efficient, effective, and ongoing optimal care to the community. In this study, we aimed to (a) establish the most pertinent factors associated with increased turnover intention in the public mental health workforce in Australia, and (b) establish whether such factors differ between metropolitan and rural services. We used a cross-sectional, correlational design using an online survey method. In total, 235 mental health service staff of various disciplines and levels, from four public hospitals in Victoria, Australia participated in the study. We used three feed-forward multiple regression analyses to assess the study aims. We found that job satisfaction, occupational burnout, and understaffing may be the most pertinent factors to consider regarding turnover intention. Job satisfaction and occupational burnout were factors endorsed across the entire sample, as well as specifically within both the metropolitan and rural services, while understaffing was a pertinent factor regarding turnover intention across the entire sample and for rural services, but not metropolitan services. Our findings regarding the pertinence of job satisfaction, occupational burnout, and understaffing in turnover intention provide key information that may be used to inform interventional targets aimed at reducing attrition from the public mental health workforce in Australia.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Intention ; Burnout, Professional/psychology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Health Workforce ; Personnel Turnover ; Job Satisfaction ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Victoria
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-05
Publishing country	Australia
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2076760-2
ISSN	1447-0349 ; 1445-8330
ISSN (online)	1447-0349
ISSN	1445-8330
DOI	10.1111/inm.13233
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Zs.A 5240: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Care considerations in medical assistance in dying for persons with mental illness as the sole underlying medical condition: a qualitative study of patient and family perspectives.

Stergiopoulos, Vicky / Bastidas-Bilbao, Hamer / Gupta, Mona / Buchman, Daniel Z / Stewart, Donna E / Rajji, Tarek / Simpson, Alexander I F / van Kesteren, Mary Rose / Cappe, Vivien / Castle, David / Shields, Roslyn / Hawke, Lisa D

BMC psychiatry

2024 Volume 24, Issue 1, Page(s) 120

Abstract: Background: Persons with mental illness as their sole underlying medical condition are eligible to access medical assistance in dying (MAiD) in a small number of countries, including Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxemburg and Switzerland. In Canada, it is ... ...

Abstract	Background: Persons with mental illness as their sole underlying medical condition are eligible to access medical assistance in dying (MAiD) in a small number of countries, including Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxemburg and Switzerland. In Canada, it is anticipated that people experiencing mental illness as their sole underlying medical condition (MI-SUMC) will be eligible to request MAiD as of March 17th 2024. To date, few studies have addressed patient and family perspectives on MAiD MI-SUMC care processes. This study aimed to address this gap and qualitatively explore the perspectives of persons with lived experience of mental illness and family members on care considerations during MI-SUMC implementation. Methods: Thirty adults with lived experience of mental illness and 25 adult family members residing in Ontario participated in this study. To facilitate participant engagement, the semi-structured interview used a persona-scenario exercise to discuss perspectives on MAiD MI-SUMC acceptability and care considerations. Framework analysis was used to inductively analyze data using NVivo 12 Pro. Steps, processes, or other care considerations suggested by the participants were charted in a framework matrix after familiarization with the narratives. Key themes were further identified. A lived-experience advisory group participated in every aspect of this study. Results: Six themes were developed from the patient and family narratives: (1) Raising MAiD MI-SUMC awareness; (2) Sensitive Introduction of MAiD MI-SUMC in goals of care discussions; (3) Asking for MAiD MI-SUMC: a person-focused response; (4) A comprehensive circle of MAiD MI-SUMC care; (5) A holistic, person-centered assessment process; and (6) Need for support in the aftermath of the decision. These themes highlighted a congruence of views between patient and family members and described key desired process ingredients, including a person-centred non-judgmental stance by care providers, inter-professional holistic care, shared decision making, and the primacy of patient autonomy in healthcare decision making. Conclusions: Family and patient perspectives on the implementation of MAiD MI-SUMC offer important considerations for service planning that could complement existing and emerging professional practice standards. These stakeholders' perspectives will continue to be essential in MAiD MI-SUMC implementation efforts, to better address the needs of diverse communities and inform improvement efforts.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Humans ; Suicide, Assisted ; Terminal Care ; Mental Disorders/therapy ; Canada ; Ontario ; Medical Assistance
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-14
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2050438-X
ISSN	1471-244X ; 1471-244X
ISSN (online)	1471-244X
ISSN	1471-244X
DOI	10.1186/s12888-024-05541-5
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Article ; Online: Searching for relief from suffering: A patient-oriented qualitative study on medical assistance in dying for mental illness as the sole underlying medical condition.

Bastidas-Bilbao, Hamer / Stergiopoulos, Vicky / van Kesteren, Mary Rose / Stewart, Donna Eileen / Cappe, Vivien / Gupta, Mona / Buchman, Daniel Z / Simpson, Alexander I F / Castle, David / Campbell, Bartholemew Hugh / Hawke, Lisa D

Social science & medicine (1982)

2023 Volume 331, Page(s) 116075

Abstract: Medical assistance in dying (MAiD) was introduced into Canadian legislation in 2016. Mental illness as the sole underlying medical condition (MI-SUMC) is excluded from eligibility; this is expected to change in 2024. Incurability, intolerable suffering, ... ...

Abstract	Medical assistance in dying (MAiD) was introduced into Canadian legislation in 2016. Mental illness as the sole underlying medical condition (MI-SUMC) is excluded from eligibility; this is expected to change in 2024. Incurability, intolerable suffering, capacity to make healthcare decisions, and suicidality have been publicly debated in connection with mental illness. Few studies have explored the views of persons with mental illness on the introduction and acceptability of MAiD MI-SUMC; this study aimed to fill this gap. Thirty adults, residing in Ontario, Canada, who self-identified as living with mental illness participated. A semi-structured interview including a persona-scenario exercise was designed to discuss participants' views on MAiD MI-SUMC and when it could be acceptable or not. Reflexive thematic analysis was used to inductively analyze data. Codes and themes were developed after extensive familiarization with the dataset. A lived-experience advisory group was engaged throughout the study. We identified six themes: The certainty of suffering; Is there a suffering threshold to be met? The uncertainty of mental illness; My own limits, values, and decisions; MAiD MI-SUMCas acceptable when therapeutic means, and othersupports, have been tried to alleviate long-term suffering; and Between relief and rejection. These themes underline how the participants' lived experience comprised negative impacts caused by long-term mental illness, stigma, and in some cases, socioeconomic factors. The need for therapeutic and non-therapeutic supports was highlighted, along with unresolved tensions about the links between mental illness, capacity, and suicidality. Although not all participants viewed MAiD MI-SUMC as acceptable for mental illness, they autonomously embraced limits, values, and decisions of their own along their search for relief. Identifying individual and contextual elements in each person's experience of illness and suffering is necessary to understand diverse perspectives on MAiD MI-SUMC.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Humans ; Canada ; Suicide, Assisted ; Mental Disorders/therapy ; Ontario ; Qualitative Research ; Medical Assistance
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-05
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	4766-1
ISSN	1873-5347 ; 0037-7856 ; 0277-9536
ISSN (online)	1873-5347
ISSN	0037-7856 ; 0277-9536
DOI	10.1016/j.socscimed.2023.116075
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Article ; Online: Comparison of Robot-Assisted and Open Radical Cystectomy in Recovery of Patient-Reported and Performance-Related Measures of Independence: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial.

Venkatramani, Vivek / Reis, Isildinha M / Gonzalgo, Mark L / Castle, Erik P / Woods, Michael E / Svatek, Robert S / Weizer, Alon Z / Konety, Badrinath R / Tollefson, Mathew / Krupski, Tracey L / Smith, Norm D / Shabsigh, Ahmad / Barocas, Daniel A / Quek, Marcus L / Dash, Atreya / Parekh, Dipen J

JAMA network open

2022 Volume 5, Issue 2, Page(s) e2148329

Abstract: Importance: No data exist on time to recovery of patient-reported and performance-related measures of functional independence after radical cystectomy (open or robotic).: Objective: To determine recovery of functional independence after radical ... ...

Abstract	Importance: No data exist on time to recovery of patient-reported and performance-related measures of functional independence after radical cystectomy (open or robotic). Objective: To determine recovery of functional independence after radical cystectomy and whether robot-assisted radical cystectomy (RARC) is associated with any advantage over open procedures. Design, setting, and participants: Data for this secondary analysis from the RAZOR (Randomized Open vs Robotic Cystectomy) trial were used. RAZOR was a phase 3 multicenter noninferiority trial across 15 academic medical centers in the US from July 1, 2011, to November 18, 2014, with a median follow-up of 2 years. Participants included the per-protocol population (n = 302). Data were analyzed from February 1, 2017, to May 1, 2021. Interventions: Robot-assisted radical cystectomy or open radical cystectomy (ORC). Main outcomes and measures: Patient-reported (activities of daily living [ADL] and independent ADL [iADL]) and performance-related (hand grip strength [HGS] and Timed Up & Go walking test [TUGWT]) measures of independence were assessed. Patterns of postoperative recovery for the entire cohort and comparisons between RARC and ORC were performed. Exploratory analyses to assess measures of independence across diversion type and to determine whether baseline impairments were associated with 90-day complications or 1-year mortality were performed. Findings: Of the 302 patients included in the analysis (254 men [84.1%]; mean [SD] age at consent, 68.0 [9.7] years), 150 underwent RARC and 152 underwent ORC. Baseline characteristics were similar in both groups. For the entire cohort, ADL, iADL, and TUGWT recovered to baseline by 3 postoperative months, whereas HGS recovered by 6 months. There was no difference between RARC and ORC for ADL, iADL, TUGWT, or HGS scores at any time. Activities of daily living recovered 1 month after RARC (mean estimated score, 7.7 [95% CI, 7.3-8.0]) vs 3 months after ORC (mean estimated score, 7.5 [95% CI, 7.2-7.8]). Hand grip strength recovered by 3 months after RARC (mean estimated HGS, 29.0 [95% CI, 26.3-31.7] kg) vs 6 months after ORC (mean estimated HGS, 31.2 [95% CI, 28.8-34.2] kg). In the RARC group, 32 of 90 patients (35.6%) showed a recovery in HGS at 3 months vs 32 of 88 (36.4%) in the ORC group (P = .91), indicating a rejection of the primary study hypothesis for HGS. Independent ADL and TUGWT recovered in 3 months for both approaches. Hand grip strength showed earlier recovery in patients undergoing continent urinary diversion (mean HGS at 3 months, 31.3 [95% CI, 27.7-34.8] vs 33.9 [95% CI, 30.5-37.3] at baseline; P = .09) than noncontinent urinary diversion (mean HGS at 6 months, 27.4 [95% CI, 24.9-30.0] vs 29.5 [95% CI, 27.2-31.9] kg at baseline; P = .02), with no differences in other parameters. Baseline impairments in any parameter were not associated with 90-day complications or 1-year mortality. Conclusions and relevance: The results of this secondary analysis suggest that patients require 3 to 6 months to recover baseline levels after radical cystectomy irrespective of surgical approach. These data will be invaluable in patient counseling and preparation. Hand grip strength and ADL tended to recover to baseline earlier after RARC; however, there was no difference in the percentage of patients recovering when compared with ORC. Further study is needed to assess the clinical significance of these findings. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01157676.
MeSH term(s)	Activities of Daily Living ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Cohort Studies ; Cystectomy/methods ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Patient Reported Outcome Measures ; Patient Satisfaction ; Recovery of Function ; Robotic Surgical Procedures/methods ; Treatment Outcome ; United States ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/surgery
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Comparative Study ; Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ISSN	2574-3805
ISSN (online)	2574-3805
DOI	10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.48329
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Article ; Online: The effect of a novel, digital physical activity and emotional well-being intervention on health-related quality of life in people with chronic kidney disease: trial design and baseline data from a multicentre prospective, wait-list randomised controlled trial (kidney BEAM).

Walklin, C G / Young, Hannah M L / Asghari, E / Bhandari, S / Billany, R E / Bishop, N / Bramham, K / Briggs, J / Burton, J O / Campbell, J / Castle, E M / Chilcot, J / Cooper, N / Deelchand, V / Graham-Brown, M P M / Hamilton, A / Jesky, M / Kalra, P A / Koufaki, P /

McCafferty, K / Nixon, A C / Noble, H / Saynor, Z L / Sothinathan, C / Taal, M W / Tollitt, J / Wheeler, D C / Wilkinson, T J / Macdonald, J H / Greenwood, S A

BMC nephrology

2023 Volume 24, Issue 1, Page(s) 122

Abstract: Background: Physical activity and emotional self-management has the potential to enhance health-related quality of life (HRQoL), but few people with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have access to resources and support. The Kidney BEAM trial aims to ... ...

Abstract	Background: Physical activity and emotional self-management has the potential to enhance health-related quality of life (HRQoL), but few people with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have access to resources and support. The Kidney BEAM trial aims to evaluate whether an evidence-based physical activity and emotional wellbeing self-management programme (Kidney BEAM) leads to improvements in HRQoL in people with CKD. Methods: This was a prospective, multicentre, randomised waitlist-controlled trial, with health economic analysis and nested qualitative studies. In total, three hundred and four adults with established CKD were recruited from 11 UK kidney units. Participants were randomly assigned to the intervention (Kidney BEAM) or a wait list control group (1:1). The primary outcome was the between-group difference in Kidney Disease Quality of Life (KDQoL) mental component summary score (MCS) at 12 weeks. Secondary outcomes included the KDQoL physical component summary score, kidney-specific scores, fatigue, life participation, depression and anxiety, physical function, clinical chemistry, healthcare utilisation and harms. All outcomes were measured at baseline and 12 weeks, with long-term HRQoL and adherence also collected at six months follow-up. A nested qualitative study explored experience and impact of using Kidney BEAM. Results: 340 participants were randomised to Kidney BEAM (n = 173) and waiting list (n = 167) groups. There were 96 (55%) and 89 (53%) males in the intervention and waiting list groups respectively, and the mean (SD) age was 53 (14) years in both groups. Ethnicity, body mass, CKD stage, and history of diabetes and hypertension were comparable across groups. The mean (SD) of the MCS was similar in both groups, 44.7 (10.8) and 45.9 (10.6) in the intervention and waiting list groups respectively. Conclusion: Results from this trial will establish whether the Kidney BEAM self management programme is a cost-effective method of enhancing mental and physical wellbeing of people with CKD. Trial registration: NCT04872933. Registered 5th May 2021.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Exercise ; Prospective Studies ; Quality of Life ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/therapy ; Waiting Lists ; Telemedicine
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-02
Publishing country	England
Document type	Randomized Controlled Trial ; Multicenter Study ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2041348-8
ISSN	1471-2369 ; 1471-2369
ISSN (online)	1471-2369
ISSN	1471-2369
DOI	10.1186/s12882-023-03173-7
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Article ; Online: How the Beneficial Effects of Alvimopan Differ With Surgical Approach for Radical Cystectomy.

Faraj, Kassem S / Judge, Nathanael Z / Rose, Kyle M / Eversman, Sarah / Richards, Jordan / Blodgett, Gail / Singh, Vijay / DeLucia, Noel M / Humphreys, Mitchell R / Castle, Erik P / Tyson, Mark D

Urology

2020 Volume 140, Page(s) 107–114

Abstract: Objective: To assess whether the beneficial perioperative effects of alvimopan differ with surgical approach for patients who undergo open radical cystectomy (ORC) vs robot-assisted radical cystectomy (RARC).: Methods: This retrospective study ... ...

Abstract	Objective: To assess whether the beneficial perioperative effects of alvimopan differ with surgical approach for patients who undergo open radical cystectomy (ORC) vs robot-assisted radical cystectomy (RARC). Methods: This retrospective study reviewed all patients who underwent cystectomy with urinary diversion at our institution between January 1, 2007, and January 1, 2018. Data were collected on demographic characteristics, comorbidities, surgical approach, alvimopan therapy, hospital length of stay (LOS), days until return of bowel function (ROBF), and complications. Outcomes and interactions were evaluated through regression analysis. Results: Among 573 patients, 236 (41.2%) underwent RARC, 337 (58.8%) underwent ORC, and 205 (35.8%) received alvimopan. Comparison of 4 cohorts (ORC with alvimopan, ORC without alvimopan, RARC with alvimopan, and RARC without alvimopan) showed that patients who underwent ORC without alvimopan had the highest rate of postoperative ileus (25.6%, P = .02), longest median hospital LOS (7 days, P < .001), and longest time until ROBF (4 days, P < .001). On multivariable analysis, the interaction between surgical approach and alvimopan use was significant for the outcome of ROBF (estimate, 1.109; 95% confidence interval, 0.418-1.800; P = .002). In the RARC cohort, multivariable analysis showed no benefit of alvimopan with respect to ileus (P = .27), LOS (P = .09), or ROBF (P = .36). Regarding joint effects of robotic approach and alvimopan, RARC had no effect on gastrointestinal tract outcomes. Conclusion: We observed a diminished beneficial effect of alvimopan among patients undergoing RARC and a statistically significant benefit of alvimopan among patients undergoing ORC. The implications of these findings may permit more selective medication use for patients who would benefit the most from this drug.
MeSH term(s)	Aged ; Cystectomy/adverse effects ; Cystectomy/methods ; Female ; Gastrointestinal Agents/administration & dosage ; Gastrointestinal Agents/economics ; Humans ; Lower Gastrointestinal Tract/drug effects ; Lower Gastrointestinal Tract/physiopathology ; Lower Gastrointestinal Tract/surgery ; Male ; Neoplasm Staging ; Patient Selection ; Piperidines/administration & dosage ; Piperidines/economics ; Postoperative Complications/drug therapy ; Postoperative Complications/etiology ; Postoperative Complications/physiopathology ; Receptors, Opioid, mu/antagonists & inhibitors ; Recovery of Function/drug effects ; Retrospective Studies ; Robotic Surgical Procedures/adverse effects ; Robotic Surgical Procedures/methods ; Treatment Outcome ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/pathology ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/surgery ; Urinary Diversion/adverse effects ; Urinary Diversion/methods
Chemical Substances	Gastrointestinal Agents ; Piperidines ; Receptors, Opioid, mu ; alvimopan (677C126AET)
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-02-27
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Comparative Study ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	192062-5
ISSN	1527-9995 ; 0090-4295
ISSN (online)	1527-9995
ISSN	0090-4295
DOI	10.1016/j.urology.2019.12.058
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Zs.A 1142: Show issues			Location: Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand) bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (1.OG) ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)
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Article ; Online: A Research Domain Criteria (RDoC)-Guided Dashboard to Review Psilocybin Target Domains: A Systematic Review.

Pouyan, Niloufar / Halvaei Khankahdani, Zahra / Younesi Sisi, Farnaz / Lee, Yena / Rosenblat, Joshua D / Teopiz, Kayla M / Lui, Leanna M W / Subramaniapillai, Mehala / Lin, Kangguang / Nasri, Flora / Rodrigues, Nelson / Gill, Hartej / Lipsitz, Orly / Cao, Bing / Ho, Roger / Castle, David / McIntyre, Roger S

CNS drugs

2022 Volume 36, Issue 10, Page(s) 1031–1047

Abstract: Background: Preliminary results from randomized controlled studies as well as identified molecular, cellular, and circuit targets of select psychedelics (e.g., psilocybin) suggest that their effects are transdiagnostic. In this review, we exploit the ... ...

Abstract	Background: Preliminary results from randomized controlled studies as well as identified molecular, cellular, and circuit targets of select psychedelics (e.g., psilocybin) suggest that their effects are transdiagnostic. In this review, we exploit the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) transdiagnostic framework, to synthesize extant literature on psilocybin. Objective: We aimed to identify RDoC-based effects of psilocybin and vistas for future mechanistic and interventional research. Methods: A systematic search in electronic databases (i.e., PubMed, Scopus, PsycINFO, and Web of Science) performed in January and February 2021 identified English articles published between 1990 and 2020 reporting the effects of psilocybin on mental health measures. Data from included articles were retrieved and organized according to the RDoC bio-behavioral matrix and its constituent six main domains, namely: positive valence systems, negative valence systems, cognitive systems, social processes, sensorimotor systems, and arousal and regulatory systems. Results: The preponderance of research with psilocybin has differentially reported beneficial effects on positive valence systems, negative valence system, and social process domains. The data from the included studies support both short-term (23 assessments) and long-term (15 assessments) beneficial effects of psilocybin on the positive valence systems. While 12 of the extracted outcome measures suggest that psilocybin use is associated with increases in the "fear" construct of the negative valence systems domain, 19 findings show no significant effects on this construct, and seven parameters show lowered levels of the "sustained threat" construct in the long term. Thirty-four outcome measures revealed short-term alterations in the social systems' construct namely, "perception and understanding of self," and "social communications" as well as enhancements in "perception and understanding of others" and "affiliation and attachment". The majority of findings related to the cognitive systems' domain reported dyscognitive effects. There have been relatively few studies reporting outcomes of psilocybin on the remaining RDoC domains. Moreover, seven of the included studies suggest the transdiagnostic effects of psilocybin. The dashboard characterization of RDoC outcomes with psilocybin suggests beneficial effects in the measures of reward, threat, and arousal, as well as general social systems. Conclusions: Psilocybin possesses a multi-domain effectiveness. The field would benefit from highly rigorous proof-of-mechanism research to assess the effects of psilocybin using the RDoC framework. The combined effect of psilocybin with psychosocial interventions with RDoC-based outcomes is a priority therapeutic vista.
MeSH term(s)	Hallucinogens/pharmacology ; Hallucinogens/therapeutic use ; Humans ; Psilocybin/pharmacology ; Psilocybin/therapeutic use
Chemical Substances	Hallucinogens ; Psilocybin (2RV7212BP0)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-09-12
Publishing country	New Zealand
Document type	Systematic Review ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1203800-3
ISSN	1179-1934 ; 1172-7047
ISSN (online)	1179-1934
ISSN	1172-7047
DOI	10.1007/s40263-022-00944-y
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Article ; Online: Genetic and Epigenetic Variations of HPV52 in Cervical Precancer.

Bee, Katharine J / Gradissimo, Ana / Chen, Zigui / Harari, Ariana / Schiffman, Mark / Raine-Bennett, Tina / Castle, Philip E / Clarke, Megan / Wentzensen, Nicolas / Burk, Robert D

International journal of molecular sciences

2021 Volume 22, Issue 12

Abstract: The goal of this study was to identify human papillomavirus (HPV) type 52 genetic and epigenetic changes associated with high-grade cervical precancer and cancer. Patients were selected from the HPV Persistence and Progression (PaP) cohort, a cervical ... ...

Abstract	The goal of this study was to identify human papillomavirus (HPV) type 52 genetic and epigenetic changes associated with high-grade cervical precancer and cancer. Patients were selected from the HPV Persistence and Progression (PaP) cohort, a cervical cancer screening program at Kaiser Permanente Northern California (KPNC). We performed a nested case-control study of 89 HPV52-positive women, including 50 cases with predominantly cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 (CIN3) and 39 controls without evidence of abnormalities. We conducted methylation analyses using Illumina sequencing and viral whole genome Sanger sequencing. Of the 24 CpG sites examined, increased methylation at CpG site 5615 in HPV52 L1 region was the most significantly associated with CIN3, with a difference in median methylation of 17.9% (odds ratio (OR) = 4.8, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.9-11.8) and an area under the curve of 0.73 (AUC; 95% CI = 0.62-0.83). Complete genomic sequencing of HPV52 isolates revealed associations between SNPs present in sublineage C2 and a higher risk of CIN3, with ORs ranging from 2.8 to 3.3. This study identified genetic and epigenetic HPV52 variants associated with high risk for cervical precancer, improving the potential for early diagnosis of cervical neoplasia caused by HPV52.
MeSH term(s)	Alphapapillomavirus/classification ; Alphapapillomavirus/genetics ; Cell Transformation, Viral ; CpG Islands ; DNA Methylation ; Disease Susceptibility ; Epigenesis, Genetic ; Female ; Genetic Variation ; Genome, Viral ; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing ; Humans ; Oncogene Proteins, Viral/genetics ; Papillomavirus Infections/complications ; Papillomavirus Infections/virology ; Phylogeny ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/diagnosis ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/etiology
Chemical Substances	Oncogene Proteins, Viral
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-06-16
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2019364-6
ISSN	1422-0067 ; 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
ISSN (online)	1422-0067
ISSN	1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
DOI	10.3390/ijms22126463
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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