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Article ; Online: Understanding the enablers to implementing sustainable health and well-being programs for older adults in rural Australia: A scoping review.

Cash, Belinda / Lawless, Michael / Robson, Kristy / Fealy, Shanna / Corboy, Denise

2024

Abstract: Introduction: Supporting the health and well-being of older Australians necessitates the implementation of effective and sustainable community-based interventions. Rural settings, however, pose unique challenges to intervention implementation and ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Supporting the health and well-being of older Australians necessitates the implementation of effective and sustainable community-based interventions. Rural settings, however, pose unique challenges to intervention implementation and sustainability, with limited research exploring strategies employed to overcome these complexities. Objective: To identify enabling strategies that support the sustainable implementation of community-based health and well-being interventions for older adults in rural Australia. Design: A scoping review, following methods by Arksey and O'Malley and enhanced by elements of the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology for scoping reviews and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR), was conducted. An electronic search of seven databases was completed in April 2023. A thematic analysis was applied to provide a comprehensive and contextualised understanding of the phenomenon of interest. Findings: Of 1277 records screened, 15 studies were identified and included for review. Five themes identified key enablers for rural implementation: (1) Co-designing for the local context; (2) Embedding local champions; (3) Leveraging existing local resources; (4) Maintaining impact beyond the end of the funded period and (5) Flexibility in funding models. Discussion: The sustainable implementation of interventions requires active community involvement and consultation through all stages of program design and delivery to effectively meet the health and well-being needs of older rural-dwelling Australians. Conclusion: Our findings advocate for clear implementation guidelines to support the design, delivery and adaptation of community-based programs that appropriately reflect the unique contextual needs and strengths of rural communities.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-20
Publishing country	Australia
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2069573-1
ISSN	1440-1584 ; 1038-5282
ISSN (online)	1440-1584
ISSN	1038-5282
DOI	10.1111/ajr.13111
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: US Policies That Define Foods for Junk Food Taxes, 1991-2021.

Pomeranz, Jennifer L / Cash, Sean B / Mozaffarian, Dariush

The Milbank quarterly

2023 Volume 101, Issue 2, Page(s) 560–600

Abstract: Policy Points Suboptimal diet is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity in the United States. Excise taxes on junk food are not widely utilized in the United States. The development of a workable definition of the food to be taxed is a substantial ... ...

Abstract	Policy Points Suboptimal diet is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity in the United States. Excise taxes on junk food are not widely utilized in the United States. The development of a workable definition of the food to be taxed is a substantial barrier to implementation. Three decades of legislative and regulatory definitions of food for taxes and related purposes provide insight into methods to characterize food to advance new policies. Defining policies through Product Categories combined with Nutrients or Processing may be a method to identify foods for health-related goals. Context: Suboptimal diet is a substantial contributor to weight gain, cardiometabolic diseases, and certain cancers. Junk food taxes can raise the price of the taxed product to reduce consumption and the revenue can be used to invest in low-resource communities. Taxes on junk food are administratively and legally feasible but no definition of "junk food" has been established. Methods: To identify legislative and regulatory definitions characterizing food for tax and other related purposes, this research used Lexis+ and the NOURISHING policy database to identify federal, state, territorial, and Washington DC statutes, regulations, and bills (collectively denoted as "policies") defining and characterizing food for tax and related policies, 1991-2021. Findings: This research identified and evaluated 47 unique laws and bills that defined food through one or more of the following criteria: Product Category (20 definitions), Processing (4 definitions), Product intertwined with Processing (19 definitions), Place (12 definitions), Nutrients (9 definitions), and Serving Size (7 definitions). Of the 47 policies, 26 used more than one criterion to define food categories, especially those with nutrition-related goals. Policy goals included taxing foods (snack, healthy, unhealthy, or processed foods), exempting foods from taxation (snack, healthy, unhealthy, or unprocessed foods), exempting homemade or farm-made foods from state and local retail regulations, and supporting federal nutrition assistance objectives. Policies based on Product Categories alone differentiated between necessity/staple foods on the one hand and nonnecessity/nonstaple foods on the other. Conclusions: In order to specifically identify unhealthy food, policies commonly included a combination of Product Category, Processing, and/or Nutrient criteria. Explanations for repealed state sales tax laws on snack foods identified retailers' difficulty pinpointing which specific foods were subject to the tax as a barrier to implementation. An excise tax assessed on manufacturers or distributors of junk food is a method to overcome this barrier and may be warranted.
MeSH term(s)	United States ; Food ; Policy ; Taxes
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-26
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	632829-5
ISSN	1468-0009 ; 0887-378X
ISSN (online)	1468-0009
ISSN	0887-378X
DOI	10.1111/1468-0009.12652
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Article: Tenapanor for constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome.

Siddiqui, S / Cash, B D

Drugs of today (Barcelona, Spain : 1998)

2020 Volume 56, Issue 3, Page(s) 203–210

Abstract: ... categorized according to stool pattern: IBS with diarrhea (IBS-D), IBS with constipation (IBS-C) and IBS ...

Abstract	Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is among the most common gastrointestinal disorders encountered in primary and secondary care and is associated with impaired quality of life, increased healthcare utilization, and significant costs to patients and society. There are three primary phenotypes of IBS, categorized according to stool pattern: IBS with diarrhea (IBS-D), IBS with constipation (IBS-C) and IBS with a mixed bowel pattern (IBS-M). The treatment approach to all forms of IBS is typically hierarchal, with initial therapies consisting of dietary and lifestyle modifications. When these interventions are impractical or ineffective, pharmacotherapy with over-the-counter and prescription therapies is often employed. Tenapanor is a locally acting, minimally absorbed, selective small-molecule inhibitor of the intestinal sodium/hydrogen exchanger 3 (NHE3) that was approved in September 2019 by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for IBS-C. This agent works by increasing the sodium level in the intestinal lumen and promoting the efflux of fluid into the gut lumen to maintain osmotic balance in addition to having an antinociceptive effect. Tenapanor has been shown to improve bowel movement frequency/form and abdominal pain in patients with IBS-C. This article will elaborate on the clinical development program for tenapanor for this indication.
MeSH term(s)	Constipation/complications ; Constipation/drug therapy ; Gastrointestinal Agents/therapeutic use ; Humans ; Irritable Bowel Syndrome/complications ; Irritable Bowel Syndrome/drug therapy ; Isoquinolines/therapeutic use ; Sodium-Hydrogen Exchanger 3/antagonists & inhibitors ; Sulfonamides/therapeutic use
Chemical Substances	Gastrointestinal Agents ; Isoquinolines ; SLC9A3 protein, human ; Sodium-Hydrogen Exchanger 3 ; Sulfonamides ; tenapanor (WYD79216A6)
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-04-13
Publishing country	Spain
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ISSN	1699-3993
ISSN	1699-3993
DOI	10.1358/dot.2020.56.3.3115214
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Article: Using coupons to encourage healthier child snack purchases in corner stores: results from the CHOMPS study.

Mayer, Megan E / McAlister, Anna R / Economos, Christina D / Mack, Suzanne / Plank, Kaela / Cash, Sean B

Frontiers in nutrition

2024 Volume 11, Page(s) 1290710

Abstract: Objectives: To examine youths' (ages 6-15 years) autonomous snack purchases in corner stores and pilot use of coupons to encourage more healthful snack purchases.: Methods: This pilot study involved four corner stores proximal to K-8 schools in ... ...

Abstract	Objectives: To examine youths' (ages 6-15 years) autonomous snack purchases in corner stores and pilot use of coupons to encourage more healthful snack purchases. Methods: This pilot study involved four corner stores proximal to K-8 schools in Massachusetts. Kids-only coupons of varying discounts were provided in store and paired with simple visual and verbal economic and health messages. Observational data about youths' autonomous snack purchases was recorded pre- and post-intervention. Outcomes of interest were snack item, price, and nutrient content. Comparisons of purchase characteristics and nutritional content across intervention conditions were made using Chi-squared and Results: Across all stores, 2,973 purchase observations were recorded totaling approximately $6,000. Researchers estimated that about 55% of shoppers were 10-12 years old. Modest coupon usage (2.2% of purchases) was noted. However, candy purchases decreased, and the percentage of purchase events that included at least one healthier food item more than doubled, regardless of coupon use. Improvements in the nutritional content of snacks were also observed. Conclusion: Kids-only coupons have the potential to assist with shifting autonomous snack purchase behavior in outside of school settings.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-17
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2776676-7
ISSN	2296-861X
ISSN	2296-861X
DOI	10.3389/fnut.2024.1290710
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Article ; Online: Ultra-processed food consumption is associated with variations in daily routines in elementary schoolchildren during the COVID-19 pandemic in Chile.

Fretes, Gabriela / Corvalán, Camila / Economos, Christina D / Wilson, Norbert Lw / Cash, Sean B

Public health nutrition

2023 Volume 26, Issue 10, Page(s) 1956–1967

Abstract: Objective: To assess the association between child ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption and home-school learning environment characteristics during school closures due to the COVID-19 pandemic in schoolchildren with low- and middle income in Chile.: ...

Abstract	Objective: To assess the association between child ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption and home-school learning environment characteristics during school closures due to the COVID-19 pandemic in schoolchildren with low- and middle income in Chile. Design: Cross-sectional. UPF consumption was collected using the Nova screener. We apply the structured days hypothesis (SDH) to assess home-school learning environment characteristics with three constructs that summarised school preparedness for online teaching and learning, school closure difficulties for caregivers and child routine. We explored associations between child UPF consumption and home-school environment characteristics using multivariate linear regression analyses after controlling for child demographic and school characteristics. Setting: Low- and middle-income neighbourhoods in southeastern Santiago, Chile. Participants: Children from the Food Environment Chilean Cohort ( Results: Based on the Nova score, child mean consumption of UPF was 4·3 (sd 1·9) groups. We found a statistically significant negative association between child routine for eating, play and study and child UPF consumption when we adjusted for child sociodemographic (model 1: Conclusions: Variations in child routines during the COVID-19 pandemic were negatively associated with UPF intake in schoolchildren with low- and middle income. Our findings are consistent with the SDH, suggesting the school environment helps regulate eating behaviours. Future research should evaluate what happens when children return to in-person classes at school.
MeSH term(s)	Child ; Humans ; Diet ; Food, Processed ; Chile/epidemiology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Pandemics ; Fast Foods ; Food Handling ; COVID-19/epidemiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-02
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1436024-x
ISSN	1475-2727 ; 1368-9800
ISSN (online)	1475-2727
ISSN	1368-9800
DOI	10.1017/S1368980023001593
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Article ; Conference proceedings: LOW RISK OF HYPOKALEMIA IN ADULTS TREATED WITH 1 LITER POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL (PEG)–BASED BOWEL PREPARATION NER1006: POOLED ANALYSIS OF 2 RANDOMIZED PHASE 3 TRIALS

Cash, B. / Oneto, C. / Allen, C. / Poppers, D. / Bisschops, R.

Endoscopy

2022 Volume 54, Issue S 01

Event/congress	ESGE Days 2022, Prague, Czech Republic, 2022-04-28
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-01
Publisher	Georg Thieme Verlag KG
Publishing place	Stuttgart ; New York
Document type	Article ; Conference proceedings
ZDB-ID	80120-3
ISSN	1438-8812 ; 0013-726X
ISSN (online)	1438-8812
ISSN	0013-726X
DOI	10.1055/s-0042-1744951
Database	Thieme publisher's database

In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

Zs.A 669: Show issues			Location: Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand) bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (1.OG) ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)
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Article ; Online: National examination of occupational hazards in emergency medical services.

Powell, Jonathan R / Cash, Rebecca E / Kurth, Jordan D / Gage, Christopher B / Mercer, Christopher B / Panchal, Ashish R

Occupational and environmental medicine

2023 Volume 80, Issue 11, Page(s) 644–649

Abstract: Objective: Emergency medical services (EMS) clinicians operate in environments that predispose them to occupational hazards. Our objective was to evaluate the frequency of occupational hazards and associations with mitigation strategies in a national ... ...

Abstract	Objective: Emergency medical services (EMS) clinicians operate in environments that predispose them to occupational hazards. Our objective was to evaluate the frequency of occupational hazards and associations with mitigation strategies in a national dataset. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional analysis of currently working, nationally certified civilian EMS clinicians aged 18-85 in the USA. After recertifying their National EMS Certification, respondents were invited to complete a survey with questions regarding demographics, work experience and occupational hazards. Three multivariable logistic regression models (OR, 95% CI) were used to describe associations between these hazards and demographics, work characteristics and mitigation strategies. Models were adjusted for age, sex, minority status, years of experience, EMS agency type, service type and EMS role. Results: A total of 13 218 respondents met inclusion criteria (response rate=12%). A high percentage of EMS clinicians reported occupational injuries (27%), exposures (38%) and violence (64%) in the past 12 months. Odds of injury were lower with the presence of a lifting policy (0.73, 0.67-0.80), lift training (0.74, 0.67-0.81) and always using a powered stretcher (0.87, 0.78-0.97). Odds of exposure decreased with chemical, biological and nuclear exposure protection training (0.75, 0.69-0.80). Training in de-escalation techniques was associated with lower odds of experiencing violence (0.87, 0.79-0.96). Conclusions: Occupational hazards are commonly experienced among EMS clinicians. Common mitigation efforts are associated with lower odds of reporting these hazards. Mitigation strategies were not widespread and associated with lower odds of occupational hazards. These findings may present actionable items to reduce occupational hazards for EMS clinicians.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Emergency Medical Technicians ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Emergency Medical Services ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Occupational Injuries/epidemiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-13
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1180733-7
ISSN	1470-7926 ; 1351-0711
ISSN (online)	1470-7926
ISSN	1351-0711
DOI	10.1136/oemed-2023-109053
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Article ; Online: Depressive Symptoms, Systemic Inflammation, and Survival Among Patients With Head and Neck Cancer.

Cash, Elizabeth / Albert, Christy / Palmer, Iona / Polzin, Baylee / Kabithe, Alyssa / Crawford, Devaughn / Bumpous, Jeffrey M / Sephton, Sandra E

JAMA otolaryngology-- head & neck surgery

2024

Abstract: Importance: Patients with head and neck cancer experience high rates of depression. Depression and systemic inflammation have been found to be associated in numerous cancer types, often independently from disease status. Depression-related inflammation ... ...

Abstract	Importance: Patients with head and neck cancer experience high rates of depression. Depression and systemic inflammation have been found to be associated in numerous cancer types, often independently from disease status. Depression-related inflammation may elevate the risks for poor tumor response to treatment and early mortality, and comprises a mechanism by which depression is associated with survival in head and neck cancer. Objective: To assess mediation pathways incorporating pretreatment depressive symptoms, pretreatment inflammation, and tumor response posttreatment on overall survival among patients with head and neck cancer. Design, setting, and participants: This was a prospective observational cohort study of patients with head and neck cancer treated in a single multidisciplinary head and neck cancer clinic from May 10, 2013, to December 30, 2019, and followed up for 2 years. Data analysis was performed from June 29, 2022, to June 23, 2023. Exposures: Patient-reported depressive symptoms using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 item (PHQ-9) at treatment planning; pretreatment hematology workup for systemic inflammation index (SII) score; and clinical data review for tumor response (complete vs incomplete) and overall survival. Main outcomes: Two-year overall survival. Results: The total study cohort included 394 patients (mean [SD] age, 62.5 [11.5] years; 277 [70.3%] males) with head and neck cancer. Among 285 patients (72.3%) who scored below the clinical cutoff for depression on the PHQ-9, depressive symptoms were significantly associated with inflammation (partial r, 0.168; 95% CI, 0.007-0.038). In addition, both depression and inflammation were associated with early mortality (PHQ-9: hazard ratio [HR], 1.04; 95% CI, 1.02-1.07; SII: HR, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.08-1.71). The depression-survival association was fully mediated by inflammation (HR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.00-1.64). Depressive symptoms were also associated with poorer tumor response (odds ratio, 1.05; 95% CI, 1.01-1.08), and the depression-survival association was partially mediated by tumor response (HR, 9.44; 95% CI, 6.23-14.32). Systemic inflammation was not associated with tumor response. Conclusions: In this cohort study, systemic inflammation emerged as a novel candidate mechanism of the association of depression with mortality. Tumor response partially mediated effects of depression on mortality, replicating prior work. Thus, depression stands out as a highly feasible target for renewed clinical attention. Even mild symptoms of depression during the treatment-planning phase may be associated with higher systemic inflammation in addition to poorer tumor response to treatment and survival outcomes; therefore, depression should be clinically addressed.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-28
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2701825-8
ISSN	2168-619X ; 2168-6181
ISSN (online)	2168-619X
ISSN	2168-6181
DOI	10.1001/jamaoto.2024.0231
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Article ; Online: Application of the unified theory of behavior to strengthen sexual health discussions between providers and young patients in the United States.

Lanier, Yzette / Rivera-Cash, Dennis / Lavarin, Claudine / Goldstein, Alena / Cantu, Luke / Phung, Baomi / Guilamo-Ramos, Vincent / Sutton, Madeline

Perspectives on sexual and reproductive health

2024 Volume 56, Issue 1, Page(s) 4–15

Abstract: Context: Sexual health discussions between healthcare providers and adolescent and young adult patients are an important strategy for addressing and improving sexual health. However, healthcare providers often do not engage in comprehensive sexual ... ...

Abstract	Context: Sexual health discussions between healthcare providers and adolescent and young adult patients are an important strategy for addressing and improving sexual health. However, healthcare providers often do not engage in comprehensive sexual health discussions with young patients during routine clinical visits. Methods: We propose the use of a conceptual model, the Unified Theory of Behavior (UTB), as a tool that can aid healthcare providers in facilitating more comprehensive sexual health conversations with young patients. Results: We present clinical scenarios on how healthcare providers can use the UTB with existing sexual health assessments during routine, clinical visits with their patients. Conclusions: Using the UTB may be one effective tool to aid healthcare providers in initiating sexual health discussions and facilitating more comprehensive sexual health conversations with adolescent and young adult patients during routine clinical visits and sexual and reproductive health-focused visits.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Young Adult ; Humans ; United States ; Sexual Health ; Sexual Behavior ; Reproductive Health ; Reproductive Health Services ; Communication
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-09
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Editorial
ZDB-ID	2075205-2
ISSN	1931-2393 ; 1538-6341
ISSN (online)	1931-2393
ISSN	1538-6341
DOI	10.1111/psrh.12253
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Article ; Online: Evaluating changes in the emergency medical services workforce: A preliminary multistate study.

Kurth, Jordan D / Powell, Jonathan R / Gage, Christopher B / Fauvel, Alix Delamare / Crowe, Remle P / Cash, Rebecca E / Panchal, Ashish R

Journal of the American College of Emergency Physicians open

2023 Volume 4, Issue 3, Page(s) e12975

Abstract: Objective: There is growing concern with the strength and stability of the emergency medical services (EMS) workforce with reports of workforce challenges in many communities in the United States. Our objective was to estimate changes in the EMS ... ...

Abstract	Objective: There is growing concern with the strength and stability of the emergency medical services (EMS) workforce with reports of workforce challenges in many communities in the United States. Our objective was to estimate changes in the EMS workforce by evaluating the number of clinicians who enter, stay, and leave. Methods: A 4-year retrospective cohort evaluation of all certified EMS clinicians at the emergency medical technician (EMT) level or higher was conducted for 9 states that require national EMS certification to obtain and maintain EMS licensure. The study spanned 2 recertification cycles (2017-2021) for 2 workforce populations: the certified workforce (all EMS clinicians certified to practice) and the patient care workforce (the subset who reported providing patient care). Descriptive statistics were calculated and classified into 1 of 3 categories: EMS clinicians who entered, stayed in, or left each respective workforce population. Results: There were 62,061 certified EMS clinicians in the 9 included states during the study period, and 52,269 reported providing patient care. For the certified workforce, 80%-82% stayed in and 18%-20% entered the workforce. For the patient care workforce, 74%-77% stayed and 29%-30% entered. State-level rates of leaving each workforce ranged from 16% to 19% (certified) and 19% to 33% (patient care). From 2017 to 2020, there was a net growth of both the certified (8.8%) and patient care workforces (7.6%). Conclusions: This was a comprehensive evaluation of both the certified and patient care EMS workforce dynamics in 9 states. This population-level evaluation serves as the first step for more detailed analyses to better understand workforce dynamics in EMS.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-25
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2688-1152
ISSN (online)	2688-1152
DOI	10.1002/emp2.12975
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