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  1. AU=Godehardt Antonia W
  2. AU="Serna, Brigitte"
  3. AU="Kearney, Kathleen E"
  4. AU=HAN SHUWEN
  5. AU="Abdul Basir"
  6. AU="Linden, David R"
  7. AU="Schaefer, Jan"
  8. AU="Sprent, Noah"
  9. AU="Dreyer, Benard P"
  10. AU=Borchman Douglas
  11. AU="Navarro-Garcia, Fernando"
  12. AU=Vandenbon Alexis
  13. AU="Alonso-Ventura, Vanesa"
  14. AU="Ganhewa, Aparna D"
  15. AU="Draggoo, V"
  16. AU="Natalia Skogberg"
  17. AU="Hiroaki Itoh" AU="Hiroaki Itoh"
  18. AU="Nicolette de Keizer"
  19. AU="Jamjoom, Dima"
  20. AU="Seeman, Tomas"
  21. AU="Popescu, S"
  22. AU="Kurtul, Irmak"
  23. AU="Christofferson, Scott"
  24. AU="Balghith, Mohammed A"
  25. AU="Banu, Qamar"
  26. AU="Giangregorio, Lora"
  27. AU="Stafiej, Patrycja"
  28. AU="Lau, Vincent W-H"
  29. AU="Francesca Storici"
  30. AU="Coulter-Mackie, Marion"
  31. AU="Mayank Goyal"
  32. AU="Lempke, Olga M"
  33. AU="Khan, Asad Majeed"
  34. AU=Ismail Mohd Iswadi
  35. AU="Jewel Park"
  36. AU="Hunter-Smith, David J"
  37. AU="Requião-Moura, Lúcio Roberto"
  38. AU=DesRochers Teresa M.
  39. AU="Kruschwitz, Sabine"
  40. AU=Sriwijiatalai Won
  41. AU="Bozzaro, Claudia"
  42. AU="Beckendorf, C"
  43. AU="Birge, N W"
  44. AU="Hoang, Oi Pui"
  45. AU="Saradha Baskaran"
  46. AU="Culotta, Lorenza"
  47. AU=Cleaver Ondine
  48. AU="Jordan A. Kreidberg"
  49. AU="Al-Marshoud, Majida"
  50. AU="David S Hui"
  51. AU="Manjappa, Shivaprasad"
  52. AU="Balkan, S"
  53. AU="Chen, Emma"
  54. AU="Delean, Ada"
  55. AU="Gurao, Ankita"
  56. AU="Lang, Zhen"
  57. AU="Mahnaz Mohammadpour"
  58. AU="Britta Grillitsch"
  59. AU=Hoeffner Ellen G
  60. AU="Al Harbi, Shmeylan"
  61. AU=Polevoda Bogdan
  62. AU="Raffaele Galiero"
  63. AU=Hruskova Z
  64. AU="Ayers, J"
  65. AU="Cohen, A D"
  66. AU="Brunetti, Gian Luca"
  67. AU=Andrade Daniel
  68. AU=Hay William W Jr

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  1. Artikel: Decellularized pig pulmonary heart valves-Depletion of nucleic acids measured by proviral PERV pol

    Godehardt, Antonia W. / Ramm, Robert / Toenjes, Ralf Reinhard / Hilfiker, Andres

    Xenotransplantation, 27(2):e12565

    2019  

    Abstract: BACKGROUND: Decellularized human pulmonary heart valve (dhHV) scaffolds have been shown to be the gold standard especially for younger, adolescent patients. However, human heart valves are limited in availability. Xenogeneic decellularized pig heart ... ...

    Körperschaft Paul-Ehrlich-Institut
    Abstract BACKGROUND: Decellularized human pulmonary heart valve (dhHV) scaffolds have been shown to be the gold standard especially for younger, adolescent patients. However, human heart valves are limited in availability. Xenogeneic decellularized pig heart valves (dpHV) may serve as alternative. METHODS: The efficacy of DNA reduction processes upon decellularization of heart valves from German Landrace pigs was analyzed by measurements of remaining nucleic acids including proviral porcine endogenous retrovirus (PERV) sequences. Porcine pulmonary heart valves (pPHV) were decellularized by three different protocols and further treated with DNaseI or Benzonase, at varying incubation times. DNA isolated from valve associated muscle (m), valve cusp (c), and pulmonary artery (pa) was monitored by PCR and qRT-PCR using GAPDH and the PERV polymerase (pol) for read-out. RESULTS: Decellularization of pPHV led to a significant reduction of DNA (>99%) which could be further significantly increased for (m) and (pa) by nuclease treatment, reducing proviral PERV pol from approximately 5 × 107 to 5 × 103 copies/mg in nuclease treated tissues. CONCLUSIONS: Both nucleases demonstrated comparable activities. But DNaseI revealed to be less consistent for PERV, especially at muscular tissue. Noteworthy, remaining proviral sequences are still detectable by PCR; however, due to the absence of the cellular replication machinery the production of infectious particles is not expected. Decellularization and nuclease treatment of pPHV is an efficient procedure to reduce the DNA content including PERV, thus represents a valuable option to increase virus safety independently from the source animal background.
    Schlagwörter Heterotransplantation ; PERV ; virus safety ; xenogeneic decellularized heart valve
    Sprache Englisch
    Dokumenttyp Artikel
    Datenquelle Fachrepositorium Lebenswissenschaften

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  2. Artikel: Characterization of porcine endogenous retrovirus particles released by the CRISPR/Cas9 inactivated cell line PK15 clone 15

    Godehardt, Antonia W. / Rauch, Paula / Boller, Klaus / church, george / Toenjes, Ralf Reinhard

    Xenotransplantation, 27(2):e12563

    2019  

    Abstract: The infection of human transplant recipients by porcine endogenous retrovirus (PERV) is a safety issue for xenotransplantation (XTx). CRISPR/Cas9 technology has enabled the generation of pigs free of functional PERVs, and the susceptibility of these ... ...

    Körperschaft Paul-Ehrlich-Institut
    Abstract The infection of human transplant recipients by porcine endogenous retrovirus (PERV) is a safety issue for xenotransplantation (XTx). CRISPR/Cas9 technology has enabled the generation of pigs free of functional PERVs, and the susceptibility of these animals to reinfection by PERVs remains unclear. To assess virological safety, we characterized a cell line in which PERVs have been inactivated by CRISPR/Cas9 (PK15 clone 15) for its susceptibility to infectious PERV. First, basal expression of PERV pol, the porcine PERV-A receptor (POPAR), and reverse transcriptase (RT) activity of PERV were determined. PK15 clone 15 cells were inoculated with PERV and monitored post infection for virus expression and RT activity. Particles were visualized by electron microscopy. Our data show that PK15 clone 15 cells still produce viral proteins that assemble to produce impaired viral particles. These virions have an irregular morphology that diverges from that of mature wild type. The particles are no longer infectious when tested in a downstream infection assay using supernatants of PK15 clone 15 cells to infect susceptible swine testis-IOWA (ST-IOWA) cells. The expression of POPAR was quantified to exclude the possibility that lack of susceptibility to reinfection, for PERV-A, is caused by absence of viral host receptor(s). PK15 and PK15 clone 15 cells do, in fact, express POPAR equally. PERV RT inactivation mediated by CRISPR/Cas9 does not compromise virus assembly but affects virion structure and proviral integration. The constitutive virion production seems to maintain cellular resistance to superinfection and possibly indicates a protective side effect of this specific CRISPR/Cas9 mediated RT inactivation.
    Schlagwörter CRISPR/Cas9 ; superinfection resistance ; virological safety ; porcine endogenous retrovirus ; Xenotransplantation
    Sprache Englisch
    Dokumenttyp Artikel
    Datenquelle Fachrepositorium Lebenswissenschaften

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  3. Artikel ; Online: Isolation of an Ecotropic Porcine Endogenous Retrovirus PERV-C from a Yucatan SLA

    Rodrigues Costa, Michael / Fischer, Nicole / Gronewold, Antonia / Gulich, Barbara / Godehardt, Antonia W / Tönjes, Ralf R

    Journal of virology

    2023  Band 97, Heft 3, Seite(n) e0006223

    Abstract: Xenotransplantation may compensate the limited number of human allografts for transplantation using pigs as organ donors. Porcine endogenous retroviruses inherit infectious potential if pig cells, tissues, or organs were transplanted to immunosuppressed ... ...

    Abstract Xenotransplantation may compensate the limited number of human allografts for transplantation using pigs as organ donors. Porcine endogenous retroviruses inherit infectious potential if pig cells, tissues, or organs were transplanted to immunosuppressed human recipients. Particularly, ecotropic PERV-C that could recombine with PERV-A to highly replication-competent human-tropic PERV-A/C should be excluded from pig breeds designed for xenotransplantation. Because of their low proviral background, SLA
    Mesh-Begriff(e) Swine ; Animals ; Humans ; Swine, Miniature/genetics ; Endogenous Retroviruses/genetics ; Virus Replication ; Mexico ; Proviruses/genetics ; Transplantation, Heterologous
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2023-03-08
    Erscheinungsland United States
    Dokumenttyp Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 80174-4
    ISSN 1098-5514 ; 0022-538X
    ISSN (online) 1098-5514
    ISSN 0022-538X
    DOI 10.1128/jvi.00062-23
    Datenquelle MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Artikel ; Online: Xenotransplantation of decellularized pig heart valves-Regulatory aspects in Europe.

    Godehardt, Antonia W / Tönjes, Ralf R

    Xenotransplantation

    2020  Band 27, Heft 3, Seite(n) e12609

    Abstract: Background: The lack of human donors for allotransplantation forces the development of other strategies to circumvent the existing organ shortage documented on the waiting lists. Here, xenotransplantation offers a suitable option since the genetic ... ...

    Abstract Background: The lack of human donors for allotransplantation forces the development of other strategies to circumvent the existing organ shortage documented on the waiting lists. Here, xenotransplantation offers a suitable option since the genetic modification of animals has become an established method that allows the generation of animals as donors of cells, tissues, and organs with reduced antigenicity.
    Methods: Focus is given on the generation of decellularized matrix scaffolds, for example, for valve transplantation and/or repair, that have the potential being fully assimilated by the recipient as they are no longer a mechanical implant with risk of calcification and related failure.
    Results: This new class of products is transplants that will be regulated either as medical devices or as cell-based medicinal products, that is, advanced therapy medicinal products, according to the regulations in the European Union.
    Conclusions: In this review, we compile relevant regulatory aspects and point out the possibilities of how these products for human use may be regulated in the future.
    Mesh-Begriff(e) Animals ; Europe ; Government Regulation ; Heart Valves/transplantation ; Heterografts ; Humans ; Swine ; Transplantation, Heterologous/standards ; Transplants
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2020-05-25
    Erscheinungsland Denmark
    Dokumenttyp Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ZDB-ID 1236298-0
    ISSN 1399-3089 ; 0908-665X
    ISSN (online) 1399-3089
    ISSN 0908-665X
    DOI 10.1111/xen.12609
    Datenquelle MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Artikel ; Online: Analysis of PERV-C superinfection resistance using HA-tagged viruses.

    Flecks, Merle / Fischer, Nicole / Krijnse Locker, Jacomina / Tönjes, Ralf R / Godehardt, Antonia W

    Retrovirology

    2023  Band 20, Heft 1, Seite(n) 14

    Abstract: Background: Using pigs as organ donors has advanced xenotransplantation to the point that it is almost ready for clinical use. However, there is still a zoonotic risk associated with xenotransplantation, and the potential transmission of porcine ... ...

    Abstract Background: Using pigs as organ donors has advanced xenotransplantation to the point that it is almost ready for clinical use. However, there is still a zoonotic risk associated with xenotransplantation, and the potential transmission of porcine endogenous retroviruses needs to be surveyed. Despite significant attempts to eliminate this risk, by the selection of PERV-C free pigs with low expression of PERV-A, -B, and by the genome-wide inactivation of PERV using CRISPR/Cas9, the impact of superinfection resistance (SIR) was not investigated. SIR is a viral trait that prevents reinfection (superinfection). For PERV, the underlying mechanism is unclear, whether and how cells, that harbor functional PERV, are protected. Using PERV-C(5683) as a reference virus, we investigated SIR in a newly developed in vitro model to pursue the mechanism and confirm its protective effect.
    Results: We developed three PERV-C constructs on the basis of PERV-C(5683), each of which carries a hemagglutinin tag (HA-tag) at a different position of the envelope gene (SP-HA, HA-VRA, and RPep-HA), to distinguish between primary infection and superinfection. The newly generated PERV-C(5683)-HA viruses were characterized while quantifying the viral RNA, reverse transcriptase activity, protein expression analysis, and infection studies. It was demonstrated that SP-HA and RPep-HA were comparable to PERV-C(5683), whereas HA-VRA was not replication competent. SP-HA and RPep-HA were chosen to challenge PERV-C(5683)-positive ST-IOWA cells demonstrating that PERV-C-HA viruses are not able to superinfect those cells. They do not integrate into the genome and are not expressed.
    Conclusions: The mechanism of SIR applies to PERV-C. The production of PERV-C particles serves as a defense mechanism from superinfection with exogenous PERV-C. It was demonstrated by newly generated PERV-C(5683)-HA clones that might be used as a cutting-edge tool. The HA-tagging of PERV-C is novel, providing a blueprint for the tagging of other human tropic PERV viruses. The tagged viruses are suitable for additional in vitro and in vivo infection studies and will contribute, to basic research on viral invasion and pathogenesis. It will maintain the virus safety of XTx.
    Mesh-Begriff(e) Humans ; Animals ; Swine ; Superinfection ; Gammaretrovirus ; Genes, env ; Phenotype ; RNA, Viral
    Chemische Substanzen RNA, Viral
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2023-08-21
    Erscheinungsland England
    Dokumenttyp Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2142602-8
    ISSN 1742-4690 ; 1742-4690
    ISSN (online) 1742-4690
    ISSN 1742-4690
    DOI 10.1186/s12977-023-00630-x
    Datenquelle MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Artikel ; Online: Limited environmental stability of infectious porcine endogenous retrovirus type C; Usage of reverse transcriptase in combination with viral RNA as markers for infectious virus.

    Fischer, Nicole / Gulich, Barbara / Tönjes, Ralf R / Godehardt, Antonia W

    Xenotransplantation

    2022  Band 29, Heft 4, Seite(n) e12738

    Abstract: Introduction: Porcine endogenous retroviruses (PERVs) are an integral part of the pig genome with infectious potential, as shown in vitro.: Hypothesis/gap statement: In view of nonclinical and clinical xenotransplantation, data are essential that ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: Porcine endogenous retroviruses (PERVs) are an integral part of the pig genome with infectious potential, as shown in vitro.
    Hypothesis/gap statement: In view of nonclinical and clinical xenotransplantation, data are essential that give an insight into viral pathogenicity. This includes PERV's environmental stability and environmental risk.
    Aim: We analyzed two ecotropic PERV-C (PERV-C[1312] and -[5683]), monitoring cell-free culture supernatants of infected ST-IOWA cells at various time intervals at room temperature (22°C +/-1°C). The virus was stored in the presence or absence of sterile wood litter, as used for large animal husbandry. This approach was set to determine the environmental stability of exogenous PERV-C at defined conditions for the first time.
    Methodology: Reverse transcriptase (RT) activity and viral RNA were monitored for up to 57 days and remaining infectivity of supernatant without wood litter was tested from day 7 onwards on naïve ST-IOWA cells.
    Results: Results show that viral RNA decreases but remains detectable over the whole observation period, whereas RT activity showed 83%-96% reduction from day 7 on. This effect was stronger in the presence of wood litter and fresh harvested virus was more stable than frozen virus stocks. Even under these optimal conditions, no infectivity was shown for viral RNA-positive and RT-reduced supernatant harvested at day 7.
    Conclusion: The results confirm that PERV-C is less stable and the reduction of RT activity is accompanied by reduced infectivity, independently of existing viral RNA. The combination of both RT and viral RNA measurement is a suitable method to differentiate infectious PERV-C.
    Mesh-Begriff(e) Animals ; Endogenous Retroviruses ; RNA, Viral/genetics ; RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase/genetics ; Swine ; Transplantation, Heterologous
    Chemische Substanzen RNA, Viral ; RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase (EC 2.7.7.49)
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2022-02-21
    Erscheinungsland Denmark
    Dokumenttyp Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1236298-0
    ISSN 1399-3089 ; 0908-665X
    ISSN (online) 1399-3089
    ISSN 0908-665X
    DOI 10.1111/xen.12738
    Datenquelle MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    Verfügbar in ZB MED Köln/Königswinter

    Zs.A 4514: Hefte anzeigen Standort:
    Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand)
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    Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (2.OG)
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  7. Artikel ; Online: PCR and peptide based PCMV detection in pig - development and application of a combined testing procedure differentiating newly from latent infected pigs.

    Fischer, Nicole / Gulich, Barbara / Keßler, Barbara / Längin, Matthias / Fishman, Jay A / Wolf, Eckhard / Boller, Klaus / Tönjes, Ralf R / Godehardt, Antonia W

    Xenotransplantation

    2023  Band 30, Heft 4, Seite(n) e12803

    Abstract: Porcine cytomegalovirus (PCMV) is widely distributed in pigs and difficult to detect due to latency. PCMV infection of source pigs was associated with early graft failure after cardiac and renal xenotransplantation into nonhuman primates. Importantly, ... ...

    Abstract Porcine cytomegalovirus (PCMV) is widely distributed in pigs and difficult to detect due to latency. PCMV infection of source pigs was associated with early graft failure after cardiac and renal xenotransplantation into nonhuman primates. Importantly, PCMV infection of the first genetically modified pig heart into a human may have contributed to the reduced survival of the patient. Sensitive and reliable assays for detection of latent PCMV infection are thus indispensable. Here, we report the development of five peptide-induced rabbit antisera specific for PCMV glycoprotein B (gB) and their validation for detection of PCMV in infected pig fallopian tube (PFT) cells by immunofluorescence and electron microscopy (EM). The anti-gB antibodies were also used for detection by Western blot analysis of PCMV purified from the supernatant of infected PFT cells. Sera of infected versus non-infected pigs have been compared. In parallel, PCMV viral load in blood samples of the animals was quantified by a novel highly sensitive nested-PCR and qPCR assay. A combination of four partly overlapping peptides from the gB C-terminus was used to establish a diagnostic ELISA for PCMV gB specific pig antibodies which is able to differentiate infected from non-infected animals and to quantify maternal antibodies in neonates. The combination of a highly sensitive nested PCR for direct virus detection with a sensitive peptide-based ELISA detecting anti-PCMV gB-antibodies, supplemented by Western blot analysis and/or immunohistochemistry for virus detection will reliably differentiate pigs with active infection, latently infected pigs, and non-infected pigs. It may significantly improve the virologic safety of xenotransplantation.
    Mesh-Begriff(e) Female ; Animals ; Swine ; Humans ; Rabbits ; Cytomegalovirus/genetics ; Transplantation, Heterologous ; Cytomegalovirus Infections/diagnosis ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Peptides
    Chemische Substanzen Peptides
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2023-04-30
    Erscheinungsland Denmark
    Dokumenttyp Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1236298-0
    ISSN 1399-3089 ; 0908-665X
    ISSN (online) 1399-3089
    ISSN 0908-665X
    DOI 10.1111/xen.12803
    Datenquelle MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    Zs.A 4514: Hefte anzeigen Standort:
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  8. Artikel ; Online: Decellularized pig pulmonary heart valves-Depletion of nucleic acids measured by proviral PERV pol.

    Godehardt, Antonia W / Ramm, Robert / Gulich, Barbara / Tönjes, Ralf R / Hilfiker, Andres

    Xenotransplantation

    2019  Band 27, Heft 2, Seite(n) e12565

    Abstract: Background: Decellularized human pulmonary heart valve (dhHV) scaffolds have been shown to be the gold standard especially for younger, adolescent patients. However, human heart valves are limited in availability. Xenogeneic decellularized pig heart ... ...

    Abstract Background: Decellularized human pulmonary heart valve (dhHV) scaffolds have been shown to be the gold standard especially for younger, adolescent patients. However, human heart valves are limited in availability. Xenogeneic decellularized pig heart valves (dpHV) may serve as alternative.
    Methods: The efficacy of DNA reduction processes upon decellularization of heart valves from German Landrace pigs was analyzed by measurements of remaining nucleic acids including proviral porcine endogenous retrovirus (PERV) sequences. Porcine pulmonary heart valves (pPHV) were decellularized by three different protocols and further treated with DNaseI or Benzonase, at varying incubation times. DNA isolated from valve associated muscle (m), valve cusp (c), and pulmonary artery (pa) was monitored by PCR and qRT-PCR using GAPDH and the PERV polymerase (pol) for read-out.
    Results: Decellularization of pPHV led to a significant reduction of DNA (>99%) which could be further significantly increased for (m) and (pa) by nuclease treatment, reducing proviral PERV pol from approximately 5 × 10
    Conclusions: Both nucleases demonstrated comparable activities. But DNaseI revealed to be less consistent for PERV, especially at muscular tissue. Noteworthy, remaining proviral sequences are still detectable by PCR; however, due to the absence of the cellular replication machinery the production of infectious particles is not expected. Decellularization and nuclease treatment of pPHV is an efficient procedure to reduce the DNA content including PERV, thus represents a valuable option to increase virus safety independently from the source animal background.
    Mesh-Begriff(e) Animals ; Bioprosthesis/adverse effects ; Cell Line ; Endogenous Retroviruses/pathogenicity ; Heart Valve Prosthesis/virology ; Heart Valves/pathology ; Nucleic Acids/metabolism ; Proviruses/pathogenicity ; Swine ; Transplantation, Heterologous/adverse effects
    Chemische Substanzen Nucleic Acids
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2019-11-06
    Erscheinungsland Denmark
    Dokumenttyp Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1236298-0
    ISSN 1399-3089 ; 0908-665X
    ISSN (online) 1399-3089
    ISSN 0908-665X
    DOI 10.1111/xen.12565
    Datenquelle MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    Volltext online

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    Verfügbar in ZB MED Köln/Königswinter

    Zs.A 4514: Hefte anzeigen Standort:
    Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand)
    bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular
    Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (2.OG)
    ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

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  9. Artikel ; Online: Review on porcine endogenous retrovirus detection assays--impact on quality and safety of xenotransplants.

    Godehardt, Antonia W / Rodrigues Costa, Michael / Tönjes, Ralf R

    Xenotransplantation

    2015  Band 22, Heft 2, Seite(n) 95–101

    Abstract: Xenotransplantation of porcine organs, tissues, and cells inherits a risk for xenozoonotic infections. Viable tissues and cells intended for transplantation have to be considered as potentially contaminated non-sterile products. The demands on microbial ... ...

    Abstract Xenotransplantation of porcine organs, tissues, and cells inherits a risk for xenozoonotic infections. Viable tissues and cells intended for transplantation have to be considered as potentially contaminated non-sterile products. The demands on microbial testing, based on the regulatory requirements, are often challenging due to a restricted shelf life or the complexity of the product itself. In Europe, the regulatory framework for xenogeneic cell therapy is based on the advanced therapy medicinal products (ATMP) regulation (2007), the EMA CHMP Guideline on xenogeneic cell-based medicinal products (2009), as well as the WHO and Council of Europe recommendations. In the USA, FDA guidance for industry (2003) regulates the use of xenotransplants. To comply with the regulations, validated test methods need to be established that reveal the microbial status of a transplant within its given shelf life, complemented by strictly defined action alert limits and supported by breeding in specific pathogen-free (SPF) facilities. In this review, we focus on assays for the detection of the porcine endogenous retroviruses PERV-A/-B/-C, which exhibit highly polymorphic proviral loci in pig genomes. PERVs are transmitted vertically and cannot be completely eliminated by breeding or gene knock out technology. PERVs entail a public health concern that will persist even if no evidence of PERV infection of xenotransplant recipients in vivo has been revealed yet. Nevertheless, infectious risks must be minimized by full assessment of pigs as donors by combining different molecular screening assays for sensitive and specific detection as well as a functional analysis of the infectivity of PERV including an adequate monitoring of recipients.
    Mesh-Begriff(e) Animals ; Coculture Techniques ; Endogenous Retroviruses/genetics ; Endogenous Retroviruses/isolation & purification ; Endogenous Retroviruses/pathogenicity ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Humans ; Retroviridae Infections/prevention & control ; Retroviridae Infections/transmission ; Risk Factors ; Sequence Analysis, RNA ; Sus scrofa/virology ; Transplantation, Heterologous/adverse effects ; Transplantation, Heterologous/standards
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2015-01-31
    Erscheinungsland Denmark
    Dokumenttyp Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ZDB-ID 1236298-0
    ISSN 1399-3089 ; 0908-665X
    ISSN (online) 1399-3089
    ISSN 0908-665X
    DOI 10.1111/xen.12154
    Datenquelle MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Artikel ; Online: Comparative gene expression profiling of pig-derived iPSC-like cells: Effects of induced pluripotency on expression of porcine endogenous retrovirus (PERV).

    Godehardt, Antonia W / Petkov, Stoyan / Gulich, Barbara / Fischer, Nicole / Niemann, Heiner / Tönjes, Ralf R

    Xenotransplantation

    2018  Band 25, Heft 4, Seite(n) e12429

    Abstract: Background: Porcine induced pluripotent stem cells (piPSCs) offer an alternative strategy in xenotransplantation (XTx). As human endogenous retroviruses (HERV), particularly HERV-K, are highly expressed in natural human stem cells, we compared the ... ...

    Abstract Background: Porcine induced pluripotent stem cells (piPSCs) offer an alternative strategy in xenotransplantation (XTx). As human endogenous retroviruses (HERV), particularly HERV-K, are highly expressed in natural human stem cells, we compared the expression of porcine endogenous retroviruses (PERV) and retrotransposon LINE-1 (L1) open reading frames 1 and 2 (pORF1 and pORF2) in different piPSC-like cell lines with their progenitors (porcine fetal fibroblasts, pFF).
    Methods: Cells reprogrammed via Sleeping Beauty-transposed transcription factors were cultured and analyzed on a custom-designed microarray representing the reference pig genome. Data were complemented by qRT-PCR and reverse transcriptase (RT) assay.
    Results: The expression profiles revealed that 8515 of 26 967 targets were differentially expressed. A total of 4443 targets showed log
    Conclusion: Epigenetic reprogramming has functional impact on retrotransposons. Thus, the induction of pig-derived pluripotent cells influences their PERV expression profile. Data emphasize the necessity to focus on animals, which show non-functional endogenous viral background to ensure virological safety.
    Mesh-Begriff(e) Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Endogenous Retroviruses ; Gene Expression/physiology ; Humans ; Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells ; Swine ; Transplantation, Heterologous
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2018-09-27
    Erscheinungsland Denmark
    Dokumenttyp Comparative Study ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1236298-0
    ISSN 1399-3089 ; 0908-665X
    ISSN (online) 1399-3089
    ISSN 0908-665X
    DOI 10.1111/xen.12429
    Datenquelle MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    Verfügbar in ZB MED Köln/Königswinter

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