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Article ; Online: A Bizarre Progression Of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia Into Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma.

Shakeel, Danish / Qadir, Hira / Baig, Mahad Mirza / Ojla, Shah Mureed

Journal of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad : JAMC

2024 Volume 35, Issue 3, Page(s) 512–514

Abstract: A 65-year-old male presented with complaints of weakness, lethargy, abdominal pain, and low-grade fever for the last few months. His examination revealed generalized lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly. A subsequent laboratory workup revealed atypical ... ...

Abstract	A 65-year-old male presented with complaints of weakness, lethargy, abdominal pain, and low-grade fever for the last few months. His examination revealed generalized lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly. A subsequent laboratory workup revealed atypical lymphoid cells with prominent double-bright positivity of CD19 and CD5 markers. Further investigations revealed deletion of the ATM (11q22.3) gene, and by other diagnostic factors, the patient was diagnosed with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Thus, treatment was initiated with oral chemotherapy followed by rituximab-bendamustine. After three weeks, he presented to the emergency room with a fever and worsening abdominal pain. On examination, massive splenomegaly was found. After stabilization, a bone marrow biopsy revealed findings which, in light of the clinical symptoms, were consistent with Richter's transformation of B-Cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia into Diffuse large B-Cell Lymphoma.
MeSH term(s)	Male ; Humans ; Aged ; Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/complications ; Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/genetics ; Splenomegaly ; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/diagnosis ; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/pathology ; Rituximab/therapeutic use ; Abdominal Pain
Chemical Substances	Rituximab (4F4X42SYQ6)
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-25
Publishing country	Pakistan
Document type	Case Reports
ZDB-ID	2192473-9
ISSN	1819-2718 ; 1025-9589
ISSN (online)	1819-2718
ISSN	1025-9589
DOI	10.55519/JAMC-03-11640
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Zs.A 6109: Show issues

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Article ; Online: The 'best' basic science paper on multiple sclerosis in 2012.

Mahad, Don

Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England)

2013 Volume 19, Issue 9, Page(s) 1128–1129

MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Humans ; Multiple Sclerosis/immunology ; Multiple Sclerosis/physiopathology
Language	English
Publishing date	2013-08
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	1290669-4
ISSN	1477-0970 ; 1352-4585
ISSN (online)	1477-0970
ISSN	1352-4585
DOI	10.1177/1352458513486520
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Zs.A 4428: Show issues

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Article: Alarming Attitudes And Misconceptions Regarding Psychiatry.

Wasim, Muhammad / Baig, Mahad Mirza / Bushra, Dua

JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association

2023 Volume 73, Issue 10, Page(s) 2137

MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Attitude ; Students, Medical ; Psychiatry ; Attitude of Health Personnel ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-25
Publishing country	Pakistan
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	603873-6
ISSN	0030-9982
ISSN	0030-9982
DOI	10.47391/JPMA.9024
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Article ; Online: Neurodegeneration in Progressive Multiple Sclerosis.

Campbell, Graham / Mahad, Don

Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine

2018 Volume 8, Issue 10

Abstract: The neuron is the target of inflammatory demyelinating processes in multiple sclerosis (MS). In progressive MS, however, there is a gathering body of evidence indicating molecular changes within neuronal cell bodies. All of these molecular changes to ... ...

Abstract	The neuron is the target of inflammatory demyelinating processes in multiple sclerosis (MS). In progressive MS, however, there is a gathering body of evidence indicating molecular changes within neuronal cell bodies. All of these molecular changes to intrinsic neurons converge on mitochondria, and the most reproduced change relates to mitochondrial respiratory chain complex deficiency. This compromise in the capacity to generate ATP in the neuronal cell body is coupled with an increased demand for energy by the demyelinated axon, which is particularly relevant to the long tracts such as corticospinal tracts with long projection axons. Recent work in our laboratory and that of our collaborators indicate limited reflection of the molecular changes that are intrinsic neurons in the experimental disease models. The mitochondrial changes within neuronal compartments are an under-recognized aspect of progressive MS and likely to offer novel targets for the improvement of neuronal function as well as neuroprotection.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Multiple Sclerosis/complications ; Neurodegenerative Diseases/etiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-10-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
ISSN	2157-1422
ISSN (online)	2157-1422
DOI	10.1101/cshperspect.a028985
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Article ; Online: Role of Phosphorus Type and Biodegradable Polymer on Phosphorus Fate and Efficacy in a Plant-Soil System.

Sigmon, Leslie R / Vaidya, Shital R / Thrasher, Corey / Mahad, Sumaya / Dimkpa, Christian O / Elmer, Wade / White, Jason C / Fairbrother, D Howard

Journal of agricultural and food chemistry

2023 Volume 71, Issue 44, Page(s) 16493–16503

Abstract: Phosphorus (P) is critical for crop production but has a high nutrient use inefficiency. Tomato was grown in soil amended with five P-sources, used as-is, or embedded within a biodegradable polymer, polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA). Correlation analysis ... ...

Abstract	Phosphorus (P) is critical for crop production but has a high nutrient use inefficiency. Tomato was grown in soil amended with five P-sources, used as-is, or embedded within a biodegradable polymer, polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA). Correlation analysis identified treatments that maintain plant growth, improve bioavailable soil P, and reduce P loss. Three performance classes were identified: (i) micro- and nanohydroxyapatite, which did not increase bioavailable P, plant P-uptake, or change P in runoff/leaching compared to controls; (ii) monocalcium phosphate (MCP), dicalcium phosphate (DCP), calcium pyrophosphate nanoparticles (CAP), and PHA-MCP that increased P-uptake and/or bioavailable P but also increased P loss in runoff/leaching; and (iii) PHA-DCP and PHA-CAP, where increased bioavailable P and plant P-uptake were achieved with minimal P loss in runoff/leaching. In addition to identifying treatments that maintain plant growth, increase bioavailable P, and minimize nutrient loss, correlation plots also revealed that (i) bioavailable P was a good indicator of plant P-uptake; (ii) leached P could be predicted from water solubility; and (iii) P loss through runoff versus leaching showed similar trends. This study highlights that biopolymers can promote plant P-uptake and improve bioavailable soil P, with implications for mitigating the negative environmental impacts of P loss from agricultural systems.
MeSH term(s)	Soil ; Phosphorus ; Agriculture ; Polymers ; Fertilizers
Chemical Substances	Soil ; Phosphorus (27YLU75U4W) ; calcium phosphate, dibasic, dihydrate (O7TSZ97GEP) ; calcium phosphate, dibasic, anhydrous (L11K75P92J) ; Polymers ; Fertilizers
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-27
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	241619-0
ISSN	1520-5118 ; 0021-8561
ISSN (online)	1520-5118
ISSN	0021-8561
DOI	10.1021/acs.jafc.3c04735
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Zs.A 1172: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Targeting mitochondria to protect axons in progressive MS.

Campbell, Graham / Licht-Mayer, Simon / Mahad, Don

Neuroscience letters

2019 Volume 710, Page(s) 134258

Abstract: Inflammatory demyelinating processes target the neuron, particularly axons and synapses, in multiple sclerosis (MS). There is a gathering body of evidence indicating molecular changes which converge on mitochondria within neurons in progressive forms of ... ...

Abstract	Inflammatory demyelinating processes target the neuron, particularly axons and synapses, in multiple sclerosis (MS). There is a gathering body of evidence indicating molecular changes which converge on mitochondria within neurons in progressive forms of MS. The most reproducible changes are the increase in mitochondrial content within demyelinated axons and mitochondrial respiratory chain complex deficiency in neurons, which compromises the capacity to generate ATP. The resulting lack of ATP and the likely energy failure state and its coupling with an increase in demand for energy by the demyelinated axon, are particularly relevant to the long tracts such as corticospinal tracts with long projection axons. Recent work in our laboratory and that of our collaborators indicate the limited reflection of the mitochondrial changes within neurons in the experimental disease models. Enhancing the energy producing capacity of neurons to meet the increased energy demand of demyelinated axons is likely to be a novel neuroprotective strategy in progressive MS.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Axons/pathology ; Axons/physiology ; Demyelinating Diseases/metabolism ; Humans ; Mitochondria/pathology ; Mitochondria/physiology ; Mitochondrial Diseases/metabolism ; Multiple Sclerosis/physiopathology ; Nerve Degeneration/etiology ; Nerve Degeneration/pathology ; Neurons/physiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-05-10
Publishing country	Ireland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	194929-9
ISSN	1872-7972 ; 0304-3940
ISSN (online)	1872-7972
ISSN	0304-3940
DOI	10.1016/j.neulet.2019.05.012
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Zs.A 1166: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Artificial Intelligence for Anesthesiology Board-Style Examination Questions: Role of Large Language Models.

Khan, Adnan A / Yunus, Rayaan / Sohail, Mahad / Rehman, Taha A / Saeed, Shirin / Bu, Yifan / Jackson, Cullen D / Sharkey, Aidan / Mahmood, Feroze / Matyal, Robina

Journal of cardiothoracic and vascular anesthesia

2024 Volume 38, Issue 5, Page(s) 1251–1259

Abstract: New artificial intelligence tools have been developed that have implications for medical usage. Large language models (LLMs), such as the widely used ChatGPT developed by OpenAI, have not been explored in the context of anesthesiology education. ... ...

Abstract	New artificial intelligence tools have been developed that have implications for medical usage. Large language models (LLMs), such as the widely used ChatGPT developed by OpenAI, have not been explored in the context of anesthesiology education. Understanding the reliability of various publicly available LLMs for medical specialties could offer insight into their understanding of the physiology, pharmacology, and practical applications of anesthesiology. An exploratory prospective review was conducted using 3 commercially available LLMs--OpenAI's ChatGPT GPT-3.5 version (GPT-3.5), OpenAI's ChatGPT GPT-4 (GPT-4), and Google's Bard--on questions from a widely used anesthesia board examination review book. Of the 884 eligible questions, the overall correct answer rates were 47.9% for GPT-3.5, 69.4% for GPT-4, and 45.2% for Bard. GPT-4 exhibited significantly higher performance than both GPT-3.5 and Bard (p = 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively). None of the LLMs met the criteria required to secure American Board of Anesthesiology certification, according to the 70% passing score approximation. GPT-4 significantly outperformed GPT-3.5 and Bard in terms of overall performance, but lacked consistency in providing explanations that aligned with scientific and medical consensus. Although GPT-4 shows promise, current LLMs are not sufficiently advanced to answer anesthesiology board examination questions with passing success. Further iterations and domain-specific training may enhance their utility in medical education.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Anesthesiology ; Artificial Intelligence ; Prospective Studies ; Reproducibility of Results ; Language
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	1067317-9
ISSN	1532-8422 ; 1053-0770
ISSN (online)	1532-8422
ISSN	1053-0770
DOI	10.1053/j.jvca.2024.01.032
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Zs.A 2203: Show issues			Location: Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand) bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (1.OG) ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)
Zs.MO 31: Show issues

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Article ; Online: The distribution of hepatitis B virus surface antigen polymorphisms at positions associated with vaccine escape.

Raheel, Mahad / Choga, Wonderful T / Blackard, Jason T

Journal of medical virology

2020 Volume 92, Issue 12, Page(s) 3336–3343

Abstract: ... associated with vaccine escape including 22 genotype A, 99 genotype B, 93 genotype C, 32 genotype D, 14 ... of polymorphisms. Polymorphisms at G145 were most frequent in genotype C, while P120 was most common in genotype D ...

Abstract	Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infects over 250 million people worldwide. Vaccination is effective at preventing infection, although several mutations within the "a" determinant region of the HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) are associated with vaccine escape. We evaluated the frequency, genotype, and global distribution of polymorphisms at sites associated with vaccine escape in 4244 unique full-length HBV genomes. The "a" determinant within the Surface gene was inspected for polymorphisms at sites identified previously associated with vaccine escape. Nearly, 268 (6.3%) sequences from 36 countries contained a polymorphism at a site associated with vaccine escape including 22 genotype A, 99 genotype B, 93 genotype C, 32 genotype D, 14 genotype E, 3 genotype F, 2 genotype G, and 3 genotype I. In genotype A, the most common polymorphism occurred at M133. In genotype B, Q129 and M133 occurred 45 and 51 times, respectively, accounting for 94% of polymorphisms. Polymorphisms at G145 were most frequent in genotype C, while P120 was most common in genotype D. Among all genotypes, polymorphisms at M133 were the most common and accounted for 30.9% of polymorphisms. Polymorphisms at T116, P120, F134, K141, and P142 occurred in geographically diverse locations, whereas polymorphisms at Q129, M133, D144, and G145 were concentrated in East Asia. While the sample size is large, this approach relied on convenience sampling within each country, and many countries have no data available, thereby highlighting the need for additional routine surveillance of surface antigen mutations associated with vaccine escape.
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-03-05
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	752392-0
ISSN	1096-9071 ; 0146-6615
ISSN (online)	1096-9071
ISSN	0146-6615
DOI	10.1002/jmv.25730
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Zs.A 1320: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Pathological mechanisms in progressive multiple sclerosis.

Mahad, Don H / Trapp, Bruce D / Lassmann, Hans

The Lancet. Neurology

2015 Volume 14, Issue 2, Page(s) 183–193

Abstract: A better understanding of the pathological mechanisms that drive neurodegeneration in individuals with multiple sclerosis is needed to develop therapies that will effectively treat patients in the primary and secondary progressive stages of the disease. ... ...

Abstract	A better understanding of the pathological mechanisms that drive neurodegeneration in individuals with multiple sclerosis is needed to develop therapies that will effectively treat patients in the primary and secondary progressive stages of the disease. We propose that the inflammatory demyelinating disease process in early multiple sclerosis triggers a cascade of events that lead to neurodegeneration and are amplified by pathogenic mechanisms related to brain ageing and accumulated disease burden. Key elements driving neurodegeneration include microglia activation, chronic oxidative injury, accumulation of mitochondrial damage in axons, and age-related iron accumulation in the human brain. Altered mitochondrial function in axons might be of particular importance. This process leads to chronic cell stress and imbalance of ionic homoeostasis, resulting in axonal and neuronal death. The evidence suggests that treatment of progressive multiple sclerosis should be based on a combination of anti-inflammatory, regenerative, and neuroprotective strategies.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Brain/metabolism ; Brain/pathology ; Humans ; Inflammation Mediators/metabolism ; Multiple Sclerosis, Chronic Progressive/diagnosis ; Multiple Sclerosis, Chronic Progressive/metabolism ; Nerve Degeneration/diagnosis ; Nerve Degeneration/metabolism ; Respiratory Burst/physiology
Chemical Substances	Inflammation Mediators
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-02-17
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2081241-3
ISSN	1474-4465 ; 1474-4422
ISSN (online)	1474-4465
ISSN	1474-4422
DOI	10.1016/S1474-4422(14)70256-X
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Zs.A 5955: Show issues

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Article: The Arduous Path to Diagnosis in a Patient With a Unique Cause of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease.

Niaz, Salman / Zia, Sadaf / Qadar, Laila Tul / Baig, Mahad M / Khalid, Saad

Cureus

2022 Volume 14, Issue 1, Page(s) e21233

Abstract: ... level was detected in the presence of elevated serum calcium and low vitamin D levels. Upon subsequent ...

Abstract	In the following report, we document a case of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) emerging from a peculiar etiology. A 20-year-old male presented to the out-patient department (OPD) of ear, nose & throat (ENT) of Dow University Hospital in Karachi, Pakistan, by referral from remote hospitals with a complaint of stomach upset. Upon a detailed historical assessment of the patient, the picture of a convoluted path to diagnosis emerged. Considering the patient's short stature and a bony mass on the mandible, a full body bone scan was ordered, uncovering a brown tumor. An elevated serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) level was detected in the presence of elevated serum calcium and low vitamin D levels. Upon subsequent computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), a cystic tumor of the pancreas was discovered in addition to a parathyroid adenoma which was promptly operated upon through a right-sided parathyroidectomy. The procedure successfully controlled the serum calcium levels of this patient which are suspected to have produced his gastroesophageal reflux-related symptoms. This case highlights the importance of accessible medical infrastructure and one of the unique causes of GERD.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-14
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Case Reports
ZDB-ID	2747273-5
ISSN	2168-8184
ISSN	2168-8184
DOI	10.7759/cureus.21233
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