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Article ; Online: Sustainable Polyhydroxyalkanoate Production from Food Waste via

Rofeal, Marian / Abdelmalek, Fady / Pietrasik, Joanna

2023 Volume 15, Issue 20

Abstract: In view of implementing green technologies for bioplastic turning polices, novel durable feedstock ... ...

Abstract	In view of implementing green technologies for bioplastic turning polices, novel durable feedstock for
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-20
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2527146-5
ISSN	2073-4360 ; 2073-4360
ISSN (online)	2073-4360
ISSN	2073-4360
DOI	10.3390/polym15204173
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Article: Novel Biodegradable Nanoparticulate Chain-End Functionalized Polyhydroxybutyrate-Caffeic Acid with Multifunctionalities for Active Food Coatings.

Abdelmalek, Fady / Rofeal, Marian / Pietrasik, Joanna / Steinbüchel, Alexander

ACS sustainable chemistry & engineering

2023 Volume 11, Issue 18, Page(s) 7123–7135

Abstract: The bioactivities of polyhydroxyalkanoates have been curtailed owing to the lack of bioactive functional groups in their backbones. In this regard, polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) produced from new locally ... ...

Abstract	The bioactivities of polyhydroxyalkanoates have been curtailed owing to the lack of bioactive functional groups in their backbones. In this regard, polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) produced from new locally isolated
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-27
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2168-0485
ISSN	2168-0485
DOI	10.1021/acssuschemeng.3c00389
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Article ; Online: A comparative study between two carboxymethylated polysaccharides/protein electrostatic and cross-linked nanogels constructed for caffeic acid and eugenol delivery.

Rofeal, Marian / Abdelmalek, Fady / Pietrasik, Joanna / Steinbüchel, Alexander

International journal of biological macromolecules

2023 Volume 245, Page(s) 125585

Abstract: In response to the pressing demand for functional nanomaterials synthesis and applications, two polyelectrolyte complexes (PECs) [electrostatic and cross-linked nanogels (NGs)] loaded individually with caffeic acid (CafA) and eugenol (Eug) demonstrating ... ...

Abstract	In response to the pressing demand for functional nanomaterials synthesis and applications, two polyelectrolyte complexes (PECs) [electrostatic and cross-linked nanogels (NGs)] loaded individually with caffeic acid (CafA) and eugenol (Eug) demonstrating multifunctionalities were proposed for the first time. Curdlan (Curd) and glucomannan (GM) were carboxymethylated (CMCurd and CMGM) successfully and polymeric ratios of 1:1 and 4:1 (v/v) for chitosan (Cs): CMCurd and lactoferrin (Lf): CMGM were selected for the synthesis of Cs/CMCurd and Lf/CMGM NGs. Due to the use of EDC/NHS, Cs/CMCurd/CafA and Lf/CMGM/Eug NGs possessed very uniform particles sizes of 177 ± 18 and 230 ± 17 nm with marked encapsulation efficiencies (EEs) of 76 ± 4 and 88 ± 3 %, respectively. The formation of a carbonyl-amide linkage in both cross-linked NGs was confirmed by FTIR. It should be noted, the self-assembly was not reliable in retaining enough of the encapsulated compounds. Owing to the excellent physicochemical characteristics of the loaded cross-linked NGs, they were prioritized over the electrostatic ones. Both Cs/CMCurd/CafA and Lf/CMGM/Eug NGs exhibited high colloidal stability over 12 weeks, elevated hemocompatibility, and in vitro serum stability. The generated NGs were also tailored to possess controlled release profiles for CafA and Eug over 72 h. Cs/CMCurd/CafA and Lf/CMGM/Eug NGs had promising antioxidant efficacies and could remarkably inhibit 4 bacterial pathogens at low 2-16 μg/mL concentration of encapsulated NGs compared to their unencapsulated counterparts. Interestingly, the respective NGs could significantly decline the IC
MeSH term(s)	Eugenol ; Nanogels ; Polysaccharides ; Static Electricity
Chemical Substances	caffeic acid (U2S3A33KVM) ; Eugenol (3T8H1794QW) ; Nanogels ; Polysaccharides
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-26
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Comparative Study ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	282732-3
ISSN	1879-0003 ; 0141-8130
ISSN (online)	1879-0003
ISSN	0141-8130
DOI	10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125585
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Article ; Online: A comparative study between two carboxymethylated polysaccharides/protein electrostatic and cross-linked nanogels constructed for caffeic acid and eugenol delivery

Rofeal, Marian / Abdelmalek, Fady / Pietrasik, Joanna / Steinbüchel, A.

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules. 2023 Aug., v. 245 p.125585-

2023

Abstract	In response to the pressing demand for functional nanomaterials synthesis and applications, two polyelectrolyte complexes (PECs) [electrostatic and cross-linked nanogels (NGs)] loaded individually with caffeic acid (CafA) and eugenol (Eug) demonstrating multifunctionalities were proposed for the first time. Curdlan (Curd) and glucomannan (GM) were carboxymethylated (CMCurd and CMGM) successfully and polymeric ratios of 1:1 and 4:1 (v/v) for chitosan (Cs): CMCurd and lactoferrin (Lf): CMGM were selected for the synthesis of Cs/CMCurd and Lf/CMGM NGs. Due to the use of EDC/NHS, Cs/CMCurd/CafA and Lf/CMGM/Eug NGs possessed very uniform particles sizes of 177 ± 18 and 230 ± 17 nm with marked encapsulation efficiencies (EEs) of 76 ± 4 and 88 ± 3 %, respectively. The formation of a carbonyl-amide linkage in both cross-linked NGs was confirmed by FTIR. It should be noted, the self-assembly was not reliable in retaining enough of the encapsulated compounds. Owing to the excellent physicochemical characteristics of the loaded cross-linked NGs, they were prioritized over the electrostatic ones. Both Cs/CMCurd/CafA and Lf/CMGM/Eug NGs exhibited high colloidal stability over 12 weeks, elevated hemocompatibility, and in vitro serum stability. The generated NGs were also tailored to possess controlled release profiles for CafA and Eug over 72 h. Cs/CMCurd/CafA and Lf/CMGM/Eug NGs had promising antioxidant efficacies and could remarkably inhibit 4 bacterial pathogens at low 2–16 μg/mL concentration of encapsulated NGs compared to their unencapsulated counterparts. Interestingly, the respective NGs could significantly decline the IC₅₀ against colorectal cancer HCT-116 than conventional drugs. Based on these data, it was conferred that the investigated NGs could be promising candidates for functional foods and pharmaceutics.
Keywords	antioxidants ; biocompatibility ; blood serum ; caffeic acid ; chitosan ; colorectal neoplasms ; comparative study ; crosslinking ; curdlan ; electrolytes ; encapsulation ; eugenol ; glucomannans ; lactoferrin ; nanogels ; nanomaterials ; polymers ; Carboxymethyl polysaccharides ; Cross-linking ; Drug delivery
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-08
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	282732-3
ISSN	1879-0003 ; 0141-8130
ISSN (online)	1879-0003
ISSN	0141-8130
DOI	10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125585
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: The Hyperproduction of Polyhydroxybutyrate Using

Abdelmalek, Fady / Steinbüchel, Alexander / Rofeal, Marian

Polymers

2022 Volume 14, Issue 14

Abstract: Bioplastics are contemplated as remarkable substitutes for conventional plastics to accommodate green technological advancements. However, their industrial production has not been fully implemented owing to the cost of carbon resources. From another ... ...

Abstract	Bioplastics are contemplated as remarkable substitutes for conventional plastics to accommodate green technological advancements. However, their industrial production has not been fully implemented owing to the cost of carbon resources. From another perspective, valorizing different paper mill wastes has become a prominent research topic. These materials may serve as an affording sustainable feedstock for bioplastic production. Adjustment of cardboard waste hydrolysate as suitable fermentation media for production of bacterial polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) has been investigated. Cardboard samples were defibered and dried before enzymatic hydrolysis. The enzymatic degradation of commercial cellulase was monitored over 15 days. Interestingly, 18.2 ± 0.2 g/L glucose yield was obtained from 50 g cardboard samples using a 1.5% (
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-07-10
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2527146-5
ISSN	2073-4360 ; 2073-4360
ISSN (online)	2073-4360
ISSN	2073-4360
DOI	10.3390/polym14142810
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Naturally-Sourced Antibacterial Polymeric Nanomaterials with Special Reference to Modified Polymer Variants.

Rofeal, Marian / Abdelmalek, Fady / Steinbüchel, Alexander

International journal of molecular sciences

2022 Volume 23, Issue 8

Abstract: Despite the recent advancements in treating bacterial infections, antibiotic resistance (AR) is still an emerging issue. However, polymeric nanocarriers have offered unconventional solutions owing to their capability of exposing more functional groups, ... ...

Abstract	Despite the recent advancements in treating bacterial infections, antibiotic resistance (AR) is still an emerging issue. However, polymeric nanocarriers have offered unconventional solutions owing to their capability of exposing more functional groups, high encapsulation efficiency (EE) and having sustained delivery. Natural polymeric nanomaterials (NMs) are contemplated one of the most powerful strategies in drug delivery (DD) in terms of their safety, biodegradability with almost no side effects. Every nanostructure is tailored to enhance the system functionality. For example, cost-effective copper NPs could be generated in situ in cellulose sheets, demonstrating powerful antibacterial prospects for food safety sector. Dendrimers also have the capacity for peptide encapsulation, protecting them from proteolytic digestion for prolonged half life span. On the other hand, the demerits of naturally sourced polymers still stand against their capacities in DD. Hence, Post-synthetic modification of natural polymers could play a provital role in yielding new hybrids while retaining their biodegradability, which could be suitable for building novel super structures for DD platforms. This is the first review presenting the contribution of natural polymers in the fabrication of eight polymeric NMs including particulate nanodelivery and nanofabrics with antibacterial and antibiofilm prospects, referring to modified polymer derivatives to explore their full potential for obtaining sustainable DD products.
MeSH term(s)	Anti-Bacterial Agents/chemistry ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology ; Bacterial Infections ; Cellulose ; Humans ; Nanostructures/chemistry ; Polymers/chemistry
Chemical Substances	Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Polymers ; Cellulose (9004-34-6)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-07
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2019364-6
ISSN	1422-0067 ; 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
ISSN (online)	1422-0067
ISSN	1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
DOI	10.3390/ijms23084101
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Article ; Online: Sustainable curdlan biosynthesis by Rahnella variigena ICRI91 via alkaline hydrolysis of Musa sapientum peels and its edible, active and modified hydrogel for Quercetin controlled release.

Rofeal, Marian / Abdelmalek, Fady / Pietrasik, Joanna / Steinbüchel, Alexander

International journal of biological macromolecules

2022

Abstract: Despite the high demand for curdlan (Curd), its industrial implementation has not reached a mature stage due to the high cost of simple sugar feed stocks. Herein, Musa sapientum peels hydrolysate (MPH) was proposed for the first time as a sustainable ... ...

Abstract	Despite the high demand for curdlan (Curd), its industrial implementation has not reached a mature stage due to the high cost of simple sugar feed stocks. Herein, Musa sapientum peels hydrolysate (MPH) was proposed for the first time as a sustainable medium for Curd generation and as an ameliorated functional biomaterial for quercetin (Quer) sustained release. In this study, banana peels have been hydrolysed by 3 % NaOH catalyst/ 60 °C, yielding high concentration of glucose 20.5 ± 0.04 and 24.3 ± 0.11 g/L and reducing sugar amount, respectively. Meanwhile, a novel local Rahnella variigena ICRI91 strain was isolated from soil, that was useful for Curd production and identified by 16S rRNA analysis. Furthermore, three-batch fermentation models were carried out using MPH for obtaining a sufficient yield of Curd. R. variigena ICRI91 accumulated a satisfactory Curd concentration; 10.3 ± 0.25 g/L; using 60 g/L MPH. On the other hand, the strain produced an impressive Curd yield; 21.5 ± 0.13 g/L with an attained productivity of 0.179 ± 0.01 g/L/h and a sugar consumption of 68 ± 0.25 % as the MPH content increased to 100 g/L. For the first time, Curd hydrogel was modified by different amount of Xylitol (Xyl), reaching good mechanical performance; 3.1 MPa and 75 % for tensile strength (TS) and elongation at break (EB), respectively. Curd/Xyl (3/5) hydrogel was then integrated with nanometer-sized quercetin nanocrystals (Quer NCs, 83 ± 0.12 nm) with high colloidal stability of -23 ± 0.05 mV. The interconnected H- bonding between Xyl and Curd was confirmed by FTIR and SEM. The generated biomaterial was tailored to exhibit a sustained Quer release over 72 h. It also has improved antibacterial efficacy against four bacterial pathogens compared to that of a free drug. In recognition of these merits, an edible polymeric nanomaterial has been proposed for the functional food and biomedicine sectors.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-11-11
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	282732-3
ISSN	1879-0003 ; 0141-8130
ISSN (online)	1879-0003
ISSN	0141-8130
DOI	10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.11.080
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Article ; Online: Naturally-Sourced Antibacterial Polymeric Nanomaterials with Special Reference to Modified Polymer Variants

Marian Rofeal / Fady Abdelmalek / Alexander Steinbüchel

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 23, Iss 4101, p

2022 Volume 4101

Abstract	Despite the recent advancements in treating bacterial infections, antibiotic resistance (AR) is still an emerging issue. However, polymeric nanocarriers have offered unconventional solutions owing to their capability of exposing more functional groups, high encapsulation efficiency (EE) and having sustained delivery. Natural polymeric nanomaterials (NMs) are contemplated one of the most powerful strategies in drug delivery (DD) in terms of their safety, biodegradability with almost no side effects. Every nanostructure is tailored to enhance the system functionality. For example, cost-effective copper NPs could be generated in situ in cellulose sheets, demonstrating powerful antibacterial prospects for food safety sector. Dendrimers also have the capacity for peptide encapsulation, protecting them from proteolytic digestion for prolonged half life span. On the other hand, the demerits of naturally sourced polymers still stand against their capacities in DD. Hence, Post-synthetic modification of natural polymers could play a provital role in yielding new hybrids while retaining their biodegradability, which could be suitable for building novel super structures for DD platforms. This is the first review presenting the contribution of natural polymers in the fabrication of eight polymeric NMs including particulate nanodelivery and nanofabrics with antibacterial and antibiofilm prospects, referring to modified polymer derivatives to explore their full potential for obtaining sustainable DD products.
Keywords	polymeric nanomaterials ; drug delivery ; antibacterial ; post-synthetic modification ; nanocarriers ; multidrug resistance ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
Subject code	540
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: In vitro

Rofeal, Marian / El-Malek, Fady Abd / Qi, Xianghui

Nanotechnology

2021 Volume 32, Issue 37

Abstract: Despite the major medical advancements in recent decades, treating infected wounds successfully remains a challenge. In this research, a functional blend of Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) and Chitosan (Cs) was developed for wound infection mitigation with ... ...

Abstract	Despite the major medical advancements in recent decades, treating infected wounds successfully remains a challenge. In this research, a functional blend of Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) and Chitosan (Cs) was developed for wound infection mitigation with tailored biological and physicochemical properties. Water insoluble kaempferol (KPF) was pre-formulated to water soluble KPF nanocrystals (KPF-NCs) with fine particle size of 145 ± 11 nm, and high colloidal stability (-31 ± 0.4 mV) to improve its drug transdermal delivery. PHB-Cs-KPF-NCs (1:2 ratio) film owned the best physical properties in terms of high breathability, thermal stability and mechanical strength (33 ± 1 MPa). Besides, XRD and FTIR findings indicated the interaction between Cs, PHB and KPF, reducing the film crystallinity. The scanning electron microscopy of the film displayed a highly interconnected porous morphology. KPF-NCs were integrated in PHB-Cs matrix with a marked encapsulation efficiency of 96.6%. The enhanced drug-loading film showed a sustain release pattern of KPF-NCs over 48 h. Interestingly, the developed blend possessed an impressive blood clotting capacity within 20 min. Furthermore, we presented a new naturally-sourced mixture of Cs+KPF-NCs with powerful antibacterial effects against MDR
MeSH term(s)	Acinetobacter baumannii/drug effects ; Acinetobacter baumannii/growth & development ; Administration, Cutaneous ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/chemistry ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology ; Bandages ; Chitosan/chemistry ; Chitosan/pharmacology ; Drug Stability ; Hydroxybutyrates/chemistry ; Kaempferols/chemistry ; Kaempferols/pharmacology ; Microbial Viability/drug effects ; Microscopy, Atomic Force ; Nanoparticles ; Particle Size ; Polyesters/chemistry ; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared ; Staphylococcus aureus/drug effects ; Staphylococcus aureus/growth & development ; X-Ray Diffraction
Chemical Substances	Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Hydroxybutyrates ; Kaempferols ; Polyesters ; poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate (26063-00-3) ; kaempferol (731P2LE49E) ; Chitosan (9012-76-4)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-06-21
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1362365-5
ISSN	1361-6528 ; 0957-4484
ISSN (online)	1361-6528
ISSN	0957-4484
DOI	10.1088/1361-6528/abf7ee
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Article ; Online: The Hyperproduction of Polyhydroxybutyrate Using Bacillus mycoides ICRI89 through Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Affordable Cardboard

Fady Abdelmalek / Alexander Steinbüchel / Marian Rofeal

Polymers, Vol 14, Iss 14, p

2022 Volume 2810

Abstract	Bioplastics are contemplated as remarkable substitutes for conventional plastics to accommodate green technological advancements. However, their industrial production has not been fully implemented owing to the cost of carbon resources. From another perspective, valorizing different paper mill wastes has become a prominent research topic. These materials may serve as an affording sustainable feedstock for bioplastic production. Adjustment of cardboard waste hydrolysate as suitable fermentation media for production of bacterial polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) has been investigated. Cardboard samples were defibered and dried before enzymatic hydrolysis. The enzymatic degradation of commercial cellulase was monitored over 15 days. Interestingly, 18.2 ± 0.2 g/L glucose yield was obtained from 50 g cardboard samples using a 1.5% ( v / v ) enzyme concentration. The samples exhibited maximum weight loss values of 69–73%. Meanwhile, five soil samples were collected from local sites in Lodz, Poland. A total of 31 bacterial isolates were screened and cultured on Nile blue plates. Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the most potent producer revealed 100% similarity to Bacillus mycoides . Cardboard hydrolysates whole medium, modified MSM with cardboard hydrolysate and nitrogen depleted MSM with cardboard hydrolysate were utilized for PHA production, followed by PHA productivity and cell dry weight (CDW) estimation compared to glucose as a standard carbon source. An impressive PHA accumulation of 56% CDW was attained when the waste hydrolysate was used as a carbon source. FTIR and NMR analysis of the isolated PHA indicated that functional groups of the polymer were related to PHB (polyhydroxybutyrate). Thermal analysis demonstrates that PHB and PHB-CB (PHB produced from cardboard hydrolysate) have degradation temperatures of 380 and 369 °C, respectively, which reflect the high thermal stability and heat resistance compared to the same properties for a standard polymer. This is the first demonstration of full ...
Keywords	polyhydroxyalkanoates ; poly(3-hydroxybutrate) ; enzymatic hydrolysis ; lignocellulosic waste ; cardboard waste ; waste management ; Organic chemistry ; QD241-441
Subject code	660
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-07-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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