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Article ; Online: Suicidal ideation, perception of personal safety, and career regret among emergency medicine residents during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Akhavan, Arvin R / Zhan, Tiannan / Lall, Michelle D / Barton, Melissa A / Reisdorff, Earl J / Hu, Yue-Yung / Bilimoria, Karl Y / Lu, Dave W

AEM education and training

2024 Volume 8, Issue 2, Page(s) e10955

Abstract: Objectives: The COVID-19 pandemic was disruptive for trainees and may have affected career decisions for some learners. This study examined the impact of the pandemic on emergency medicine (EM) resident perceptions of their mental health, perceptions of ...

Abstract	Objectives: The COVID-19 pandemic was disruptive for trainees and may have affected career decisions for some learners. This study examined the impact of the pandemic on emergency medicine (EM) resident perceptions of their mental health, perceptions of personal safety, and career choice regret. Methods: This was a cross-sectional survey study administered following the 2021 American Board of Emergency Medicine In-Training Examination (ITE). Survey measures included suicidal ideation (SI), COVID concerns in terms of infection prevention and control (IPC) training, COVID risk to self and/or COVID risk to family, and COVID-related career regret. COVID concerns were compared by gender and race/ethnicity using Pearson's chi-square tests. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to test the association between SI and COVID concerns, resident characteristics, and program characteristics. Results: A total of 6980 out of 8491 EM residents (82.2%) from 244 programs completed the survey. Only 1.1% of participants reported insufficient training in COVID IPC practices. Participants were concerned about COVID risk to themselves (40.3%) and to their families (63.3%) due to their job roles. These concerns were more common among women or nonbinary (vs. men); all other races/ethnicities (vs. non-Hispanic Whites); senior residents (vs. PGY-1, PGY-2 residents); and residents who were married or in relationships (vs. single or divorced). A total of 6.1% of participants reported that COVID made them reconsider choosing EM as their career. Career regret in this cohort was higher than that in the proportion (3.2%) expressing career regret in the 2020 ITE ( Conclusions: Many EM residents reported concerns about COVID risks to themselves and their families. Although the rate of SI remained unchanged, more EM residents reported career regret during the COVID pandemic.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-20
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2472-5390
ISSN (online)	2472-5390
DOI	10.1002/aet2.10955
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: "Cold feet": A qualitative study of medical students who seriously considered emergency medicine but chose another specialty.

Akhavan, Arvin R / Kontrick, Amy V / Egan, Haley / Balint, Stephanie A / Kane, Bryan G / House, Joseph B / Graffeo, Charles S / Courtney, D Mark / Lu, Dave W

AEM education and training

2024 Volume 8, Issue 2, Page(s) e10967

Abstract: Introduction: Emergency medicine (EM) has historically been among the most competitive specialties in the United States. However, in 2022 and 2023, 219 of 2921 and 554 of 3010 respective National Resident Matching Program positions were initially ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Emergency medicine (EM) has historically been among the most competitive specialties in the United States. However, in 2022 and 2023, 219 of 2921 and 554 of 3010 respective National Resident Matching Program positions were initially unfilled. Medical students' selection of a medical specialty is a complex process. To better understand recent trends in the EM residency match, this qualitative study explored through one-on-one interviews the rationale of senior medical students who seriously considered EM but ultimately pursued another specialty. Methods: A convenience sample of senior medical students from across the United States was recruited via multiple mechanisms after the 2023 match. Participant characteristics were collected via an online survey. Qualitative data were generated through a series of one-on-one semistructured interviews and thematic analysis of the data was performed using a constant comparative approach. Results: Sixteen senior medical students from 12 different institutions participated in the study. Thematic saturation was reached after 12 interviews but data from all 16 interviews were included for qualitative analyses. Five major themes emerged as important in students' consideration but ultimate rejection of EM as a career: (1) innate features of EM attracted or dissuaded students, (2) widespread awareness of a recent workforce report, (3) burnout in EM, (4) their perception of EM's standing in the health care landscape, and (5) early EM experience and exposure. Conclusions: This qualitative study identified five major themes in the career decisions of senior medical students who seriously considered EM but chose another specialty. These findings may help inform the perceptions of students and guide future EM recruitment efforts.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-21
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2472-5390
ISSN (online)	2472-5390
DOI	10.1002/aet2.10967
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Psychiatric Outcomes of Patients With Severe Agitation Following Administration of Prehospital Ketamine.

Lebin, Jacob A / Akhavan, Arvin R / Hippe, Daniel S / Gittinger, Melissa H / Pasic, Jagoda / McCoy, Andrew M / Vrablik, Marie C

Academic emergency medicine : official journal of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine

2019 Volume 26, Issue 8, Page(s) 889–896

Abstract: Background: Ketamine is an emerging drug used in the management of undifferentiated, severe agitation in the prehospital setting. However, prior work has indicated that ketamine may exacerbate psychotic symptoms in patients with schizophrenia. The ... ...

Abstract	Background: Ketamine is an emerging drug used in the management of undifferentiated, severe agitation in the prehospital setting. However, prior work has indicated that ketamine may exacerbate psychotic symptoms in patients with schizophrenia. The objective of this study was to describe psychiatric outcomes in patients who receive prehospital ketamine for severe agitation. Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study, conducted at two tertiary academic medical centers, utilizing chart review of patients requiring prehospital sedation for severe agitation from January 1, 2014, to June 30, 2016. Patients received either intramuscular (IM) versus intravenous (IV) ketamine or IM versus IV benzodiazepine. The primary outcome was psychiatric inpatient admission with secondary outcomes including ED psychiatric evaluation and nonpsychiatric inpatient admission. Generalized estimating equations and Fisher's exact tests were used to compare cohorts. Results: During the study period, 141 patient encounters met inclusion with 59 (42%) receiving prehospital ketamine. There were no statistically significant differences between the ketamine and benzodiazepine cohorts for psychiatric inpatient admission (6.8% vs. 2.4%, difference = 4.3%, 95% CI = -2% to 12%, p = 0.23) or ED psychiatric evaluation (8.6% vs. 15%, difference = -6.8%, 95% CI = -18% to 5%, p = 0.23). Patients with schizophrenia who received ketamine did not require psychiatric inpatient admission (17% vs. 10%, difference = 6.7%, 95% CI = -46% to 79%, p = 0.63) or ED psychiatric evaluation (17% vs. 50%, difference = -33%, 95% CI = -100% to 33%, p = 0.55) significantly more than those who received benzodiazepines, although the subgroup was small (n = 16). While there was no significant difference in the nonpsychiatric admission rate between the ketamine and benzodiazepine cohorts (35% vs. 51%, p = 0.082), nonpsychiatric admissions in the benzodiazepine cohort were largely driven by intubation (63% vs. 3.8%, difference = 59%, 95% CI = 38% to 79%, p < 0.001). Conclusions: Administration of prehospital ketamine for severe agitation was not associated with an increase in the rate of psychiatric evaluation in the emergency department or psychiatric inpatient admission when compared with benzodiazepine treatment, regardless of the patient's psychiatric history.
MeSH term(s)	Administration, Intravenous ; Adult ; Anesthetics, Dissociative/administration & dosage ; Benzodiazepines/administration & dosage ; Emergency Medical Services/methods ; Emergency Medical Services/statistics & numerical data ; Female ; Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; Ketamine/administration & dosage ; Male ; Psychomotor Agitation/drug therapy ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome
Chemical Substances	Anesthetics, Dissociative ; Benzodiazepines (12794-10-4) ; Ketamine (690G0D6V8H)
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-04-03
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Multicenter Study
ZDB-ID	1329813-6
ISSN	1553-2712 ; 1069-6563
ISSN (online)	1553-2712
ISSN	1069-6563
DOI	10.1111/acem.13725
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Risk Stratification of COVID-19 Patients Using Ambulatory Oxygen Saturation in the Emergency Department.

Akhavan, Arvin R / Habboushe, Joseph P / Gulati, Rajneesh / Iheagwara, Oluchi / Watterson, Joanna / Thomas, Shawn / Swartz, Jordan L / Koziatek, Christian A / Lee, David C

The western journal of emergency medicine

2020 Volume 21, Issue 6, Page(s) 5–14

Abstract: Introduction: It is difficult to determine illness severity for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients, especially among stable-appearing emergency department (ED) patients. We evaluated patient outcomes among ED patients with a documented ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: It is difficult to determine illness severity for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients, especially among stable-appearing emergency department (ED) patients. We evaluated patient outcomes among ED patients with a documented ambulatory oxygen saturation measurement. Methods: This was a retrospective chart review of ED patients seen at New York University Langone Health during the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic in New York City. We identified ED patients who had a documented ambulatory oxygen saturation. We studied the outcomes of high oxygen requirement (defined as >4 liters per minute) and mechanical ventilation among admitted patients and bounceback admissions among discharged patients. We also performed logistic regression and compared the performance of different ambulatory oxygen saturation cutoffs in predicting these outcomes. Results: Between March 15-April 14, 2020, 6194 patients presented with fever, cough, or shortness of breath at our EDs. Of these patients, 648 (11%) had a documented ambulatory oxygen saturation, of which 165 (24%) were admitted. Notably, admitted and discharged patients had similar initial vital signs. However, the average ambulatory oxygen saturation among admitted patients was significantly lower at 89% compared to 96% among discharged patients (p<0.01). Among admitted patients with an ambulatory oxygen saturation, 30% had high oxygen requirements and 8% required mechanical ventilation. These rates were predicted by low ambulatory oxygen saturation (p<0.01). Among discharged patients, 50 (10%) had a subsequent ED visit resulting in admission. Although bounceback admissions were predicted by ambulatory oxygen saturation at the first ED visit (p<0.01), our analysis of cutoffs suggested that this association may not be clinically useful. Conclusion: Measuring ambulatory oxygen saturation can help ED clinicians identify patients who may require high levels of oxygen or mechanical ventilation during admission. However, it is less useful for identifying which patients may deteriorate clinically in the days after ED discharge and require subsequent hospitalization.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Female ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; New York City/epidemiology ; Oxygen/blood ; Oxygen Inhalation Therapy/statistics & numerical data ; Patient Discharge ; Respiration, Artificial/statistics & numerical data ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Assessment ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Severity of Illness Index ; Young Adult
Chemical Substances	Oxygen (S88TT14065)
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-09-24
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2375700-0
ISSN	1936-9018 ; 1936-900X
ISSN (online)	1936-9018
ISSN	1936-900X
DOI	10.5811/westjem.2020.8.48701
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Impaired dendritic expression and plasticity of h-channels in the fmr1(-/y) mouse model of fragile X syndrome.

Brager, Darrin H / Akhavan, Arvin R / Johnston, Daniel

Cell reports

2012 Volume 1, Issue 3, Page(s) 225–233

Abstract: Despite extensive research into both synaptic and morphological changes, surprisingly little is known about dendritic function in fragile X syndrome (FXS). We found that the dendritic input resistance of CA1 neurons was significantly lower in fmr1(-/y) ... ...

Abstract	Despite extensive research into both synaptic and morphological changes, surprisingly little is known about dendritic function in fragile X syndrome (FXS). We found that the dendritic input resistance of CA1 neurons was significantly lower in fmr1(-/y) versus wild-type mice. Consistent with elevated dendritic I(h), voltage sag, rebound, and resonance frequency were significantly higher and temporal summation was lower in the dendrites of fmr1(-/y) mice. Dendritic expression of the h-channel subunit HCN1, but not HCN2, was higher in the CA1 region of fmr1(-/y) mice. Interestingly, whereas mGluR-mediated persistent decreases in I(h) occurred in both wildtype and fmr1(-/y) mice, persistent increases in I(h) that occurred after LTP induction in wild-type mice were absent in fmr1(-/y) mice. Thus, chronic upregulation of dendritic I(h) in conjunction with impairment of homeostatic h-channel plasticity represents a dendritic channelopathy in this model of mental retardation and may provide a mechanism for the cognitive impairment associated with FXS.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; CA1 Region, Hippocampal/metabolism ; CA1 Region, Hippocampal/physiopathology ; Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated Cation Channels/metabolism ; Dendrites/metabolism ; Disease Models, Animal ; Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein/metabolism ; Fragile X Syndrome/metabolism ; Fragile X Syndrome/physiopathology ; Hyperpolarization-Activated Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated Channels ; In Vitro Techniques ; Ion Channel Gating ; Ion Channels/metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Mutant Strains ; Neuronal Plasticity ; Potassium Channels/metabolism ; Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate
Chemical Substances	Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated Cation Channels ; Hcn1 protein, mouse ; Hcn2 protein, mouse ; Hyperpolarization-Activated Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated Channels ; Ion Channels ; Potassium Channels ; Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate ; Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein (139135-51-6)
Language	English
Publishing date	2012-01-11
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2649101-1
ISSN	2211-1247 ; 2211-1247
ISSN (online)	2211-1247
ISSN	2211-1247
DOI	10.1016/j.celrep.2012.02.002
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Impaired Dendritic Expression and Plasticity of h-Channels in the fmr1−/y Mouse Model of Fragile X Syndrome

Darrin H. Brager / Arvin R. Akhavan / Daniel Johnston

Cell Reports, Vol 1, Iss 3, Pp 225-

2012 Volume 233

Abstract	Despite extensive research into both synaptic and morphological changes, surprisingly little is known about dendritic function in fragile X syndrome (FXS). We found that the dendritic input resistance of CA1 neurons was significantly lower in fmr1−/y versus wild-type mice. Consistent with elevated dendritic Ih, voltage sag, rebound, and resonance frequency were significantly higher and temporal summation was lower in the dendrites of fmr1−/y mice. Dendritic expression of the h-channel subunit HCN1, but not HCN2, was higher in the CA1 region of fmr1−/y mice. Interestingly, whereas mGluR-mediated persistent decreases in Ih occurred in both wild-type and fmr1−/y mice, persistent increases in Ih that occurred after LTP induction in wild-type mice were absent in fmr1−/y mice. Thus, chronic upregulation of dendritic Ih in conjunction with impairment of homeostatic h-channel plasticity represents a dendritic channelopathy in this model of mental retardation and may provide a mechanism for the cognitive impairment associated with FXS.
Keywords	Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
Subject code	572
Language	English
Publishing date	2012-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Elsevier
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Risk Stratification of COVID-19 Patients Using Ambulatory Oxygen Saturation in the Emergency Department

Arvin R. Akhavan / Joseph P. Habboushe / Rajneesh Gulati / Oluchi Iheagwara / Joanna Watterson / Shawn Thomas / Jordan L. Swartz / Christian A. Koziatek / David C. Lee

Western Journal of Emergency Medicine, Vol 21, Iss

2020 Volume 6

Abstract	Introduction: It is difficult to determine illness severity for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients, especially among stable-appearing emergency department (ED) patients. We evaluated patient outcomes among ED patients with a documented ambulatory oxygen saturation measurement. Methods: This was a retrospective chart review of ED patients seen at New York University Langone Health during the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic in New York City. We identified ED patients who had a documented ambulatory oxygen saturation. We studied the outcomes of high oxygen requirement (defined as >4 liters per minute) and mechanical ventilation among admitted patients and bounceback admissions among discharged patients. We also performed logistic regression and compared the performance of different ambulatory oxygen saturation cutoffs in predicting these outcomes. Results: Between March 15–April 14, 2020, 6194 patients presented with fever, cough, or shortness of breath at our EDs. Of these patients, 648 (11%) had a documented ambulatory oxygen saturation, of which 165 (24%) were admitted. Notably, admitted and discharged patients had similar initial vital signs. However, the average ambulatory oxygen saturation among admitted patients was significantly lower at 89% compared to 96% among discharged patients (p<0.01). Among admitted patients with an ambulatory oxygen saturation, 30% had high oxygen requirements and 8% required mechanical ventilation. These rates were predicted by low ambulatory oxygen saturation (p<0.01). Among discharged patients, 50 (10%) had a subsequent ED visit resulting in admission. Although bounceback admissions were predicted by ambulatory oxygen saturation at the first ED visit (p<0.01), our analysis of cutoffs suggested that this association may not be clinically useful. Conclusion: Measuring ambulatory oxygen saturation can help ED clinicians identify patients who may require high levels of oxygen or mechanical ventilation during admission. However, it is less useful for identifying ...
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Medical emergencies. Critical care. Intensive care. First aid ; RC86-88.9
Subject code	610
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-09-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	eScholarship Publishing, University of California
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Risk Stratification of COVID-19 Patients Using Ambulatory Oxygen Saturation in the Emergency Department

Akhavan, Arvin R / Habboushe, Joseph P / Gulati, Rajneesh / Iheagwara, Oluchi / Watterson, Joanna / Thomas, Shawn / Swartz, Jordan L / Koziatek, Christian A / Lee, David C

West. j. emerg. med. (Online)

Abstract: INTRODUCTION: It is difficult to determine illness severity for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients, especially among stable-appearing emergency department (ED) patients. We evaluated patient outcomes among ED patients with a documented ... ...

Abstract	INTRODUCTION: It is difficult to determine illness severity for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients, especially among stable-appearing emergency department (ED) patients. We evaluated patient outcomes among ED patients with a documented ambulatory oxygen saturation measurement. METHODS: This was a retrospective chart review of ED patients seen at New York University Langone Health during the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic in New York City. We identified ED patients who had a documented ambulatory oxygen saturation. We studied the outcomes of high oxygen requirement (defined as >4 liters per minute) and mechanical ventilation among admitted patients and bounceback admissions among discharged patients. We also performed logistic regression and compared the performance of different ambulatory oxygen saturation cutoffs in predicting these outcomes. RESULTS: Between March 15-April 14, 2020, 6194 patients presented with fever, cough, or shortness of breath at our EDs. Of these patients, 648 (11%) had a documented ambulatory oxygen saturation, of which 165 (24%) were admitted. Notably, admitted and discharged patients had similar initial vital signs. However, the average ambulatory oxygen saturation among admitted patients was significantly lower at 89% compared to 96% among discharged patients (p<0.01). Among admitted patients with an ambulatory oxygen saturation, 30% had high oxygen requirements and 8% required mechanical ventilation. These rates were predicted by low ambulatory oxygen saturation (p<0.01). Among discharged patients, 50 (10%) had a subsequent ED visit resulting in admission. Although bounceback admissions were predicted by ambulatory oxygen saturation at the first ED visit (p<0.01), our analysis of cutoffs suggested that this association may not be clinically useful. CONCLUSION: Measuring ambulatory oxygen saturation can help ED clinicians identify patients who may require high levels of oxygen or mechanical ventilation during admission. However, it is less useful for identifying which patients may deteriorate clinically in the days after ED discharge and require subsequent hospitalization.
Keywords	covid19
Publisher	WHO
Document type	Article
Note	WHO #Covidence: #869245
Database	COVID19

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Article ; Online: Risk Stratification of COVID-19 Patients Using Ambulatory Oxygen Saturation in the Emergency Department

Akhavan, Arvin R. / Habboushe, Joseph P. / Gulati, Rajneesh / Iheagwara, Oluchi / Watterson, Joanna / Thomas, Shawn / Swartz, Jordan L. / Koziatek, Christian A. / Lee, David C.

Western Journal of Emergency Medicine: Integrating Emergency Care with Population Health, vol 0, iss 0

2020

Abstract	Introduction: It is difficult to determine illness severity for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients, especially among stable-appearing emergency department (ED) patients. We evaluated patient outcomes among ED patients with a documented ambulatory oxygen saturation measurement.Methods: This was a retrospective chart review of ED patients seen at New York University Langone Health during the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic in New York City. We identified ED patients who had a documented ambulatory oxygen saturation. We studied the outcomes of high oxygen requirement (defined as >4 liters per minute) and mechanical ventilation among admitted patients and bounceback admissions among discharged patients. We also performed logistic regression and compared the performance of different ambulatory oxygen saturation cutoffs in predicting these outcomes.Results: Between March 15–April 14, 2020, 6194 patients presented with fever, cough, or shortness of breath at our EDs. Of these patients, 648 (11%) had a documented ambulatory oxygen saturation, of which 165 (24%) were admitted. Notably, admitted and discharged patients had similar initial vital signs. However, the average ambulatory oxygen saturation among admitted patients was significantly lower at 89% compared to 96% among discharged patients (p<0.01). Among admitted patients with an ambulatory oxygen saturation, 30% had high oxygen requirements and 8% required mechanical ventilation. These rates were predicted by low ambulatory oxygen saturation (p<0.01). Among discharged patients, 50 (10%) had a subsequent ED visit resulting in admission. Although bounceback admissions were predicted by ambulatory oxygen saturation at the first ED visit (p<0.01), our analysis of cutoffs suggested that this association may not be clinically useful.Conclusion: Measuring ambulatory oxygen saturation can help ED clinicians identify patients who may require high levels of oxygen or mechanical ventilation during admission. However, it is less useful for identifying which patients may deteriorate clinically in the days after ED discharge and require subsequent hospitalization.
Keywords	COVID-19 ; emergency department ; ambulatory oxygen saturation ; covid19
Subject code	610
Publishing date	2020-09-24
Publisher	eScholarship, University of California
Publishing country	us
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Pediatric Toxidrome Simulation Curriculum: Liquid Nicotine Overdose.

Akhavan, Arvin Radfar / Burns, Rebekah / Stone, Kimberly / Reid, Jennifer / Mazor, Suzan

MedEdPORTAL : the journal of teaching and learning resources

2018 Volume 14, Page(s) 10735

Abstract: Introduction: Liquid nicotine exposure is becoming more common in the pediatric population. Toxicity may occur with exposure to small quantities given the high concentrations in solutions available commercially. Effects can include altered mental status, ...

Abstract	Introduction: Liquid nicotine exposure is becoming more common in the pediatric population. Toxicity may occur with exposure to small quantities given the high concentrations in solutions available commercially. Effects can include altered mental status, seizure, and death. Methods: This simulation-based case involves the identification and management of a toddler presenting with acute liquid nicotine exposure, with emphasis on the general approach to the acutely ill pediatric patient, consideration in toxic exposures, and the presentation of nicotine exposure. Providers should assess airway, breathing, and circulation while concurrently providing supportive care for an actively seizing simulated patient, necessitating appropriate selection of medications and acute airway management. Additionally, providers must maintain a broad differential diagnosis and obtain a focused history to narrow that differential and identify toxic exposure as a cause of the patient's presentation. Preparatory and didactic material is provided to help the instructor prepare the simulation environment, guide learners through the case, and debrief with learners afterward. Results: We implemented this curriculum with four pediatric emergency medicine fellows and 15 pediatric residents during two sessions. Feedback was overwhelmingly positive; participants who completed evaluations reported high levels of confidence with knowledge and skills directly related to the educational objectives after participation (mean Likert scores of 4.9 out of 5 in response to effectiveness of the case in teaching evaluation and management of nicotine toxicity). Discussion: This comprehensive resource will aid in offering continuing education for providers and specifically in educating learners with regard to acute liquid nicotine exposure in a child.
MeSH term(s)	Child ; Child, Preschool ; Curriculum/trends ; Educational Measurement/methods ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Nicotine/toxicity ; Patient Simulation ; Pediatric Emergency Medicine/methods ; Pediatrics/education ; Pediatrics/methods ; Resuscitation/education ; Resuscitation/methods ; Surveys and Questionnaires
Chemical Substances	Nicotine (6M3C89ZY6R)
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-08-03
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2374-8265
ISSN (online)	2374-8265
DOI	10.15766/mep_2374-8265.10735
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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