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Article: [Safety toxicological evaluation of Wen Radix Codonopsis].

Xu, Xiaohong / Wang, Jiongrong / Zhang, Dongcheng / Feng, Wenyan / Song, Weizhong

Wei sheng yan jiu = Journal of hygiene research

2021 Volume 50, Issue 6, Page(s) 1012–1018

Abstract: Objective: To evaluate the toxicological safety of Wen Radix Codonopsis.: Methods: According ... and subchronic toxicity test were conducted in this study.: Results: The LD_(50) of Wen Radix ... toxicity were observed in Wen Radix Codonopsis under the present conditions. ...

Abstract	Objective: To evaluate the toxicological safety of Wen Radix Codonopsis. Methods: According to the national standards of food safety(GB 15193.3-2014, GB 15193.4-2014, GB 15193.5-2014, GB 15193.8-2014, GB 15193.13-2015), acute oral toxicity test, three genetic toxicity tests(including bacterial recovery mutation test, mammalian erythrocyte micronucleus test and mouse spermatocyte chromosome aberration test) and subchronic toxicity test were conducted in this study. Results: The LD_(50) of Wen Radix Codonopsis to KM mouse was more than 38.72 g/kg, which was actually non-toxic according to the acute toxicity grading standard of mouse. The results of three genetic toxicity tests were negative and no obvious genotoxicity was observed. 90-day oral toxicity test showed that the overall growth condition of the rats in each group was good, and the test index result of each test group showed no statistical significance compared with the negative control group, and all of them were within the normal range in our laboratory. No abnormality was observed in gross anatomy, and no histopathological changes and specific lesions associated with the test substances were found. Conclusion: No obvious acute oral toxicity, genetic toxicity and subchronic toxicity were observed in Wen Radix Codonopsis under the present conditions.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Codonopsis ; Mice ; Micronucleus Tests ; Mutagenicity Tests ; Plant Extracts ; Rats ; Toxicity Tests, Acute ; Toxicity Tests, Subchronic
Chemical Substances	Plant Extracts
Language	Chinese
Publishing date	2021-12-23
Publishing country	China
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1050909-4
ISSN	1000-8020
ISSN	1000-8020
DOI	10.19813/j.cnki.weishengyanjiu.2021.06.023
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Article: Dynamic Characteristic Analysis of a Toothed Electromagnetic Spring Based on the Improved Bouc-Wen Model.

Zheng, Xiaoyuan / Zhang, Cheng / Lou, Yifang / Xue, Guangming / Bai, Hongbai

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)

2023 Volume 16, Issue 13

Abstract: ... The standard Bouc-Wen model is widely used to describe hysteretic behavior but cannot accurately describe ... asymmetric behavior. The standard Bouc-Wen model is improved to better describe the dynamic characteristic ...

Abstract	Electromagnetic spring active isolators have attracted extensive attention in recent years. The standard Bouc-Wen model is widely used to describe hysteretic behavior but cannot accurately describe asymmetric behavior. The standard Bouc-Wen model is improved to better describe the dynamic characteristic of a toothed electromagnetic spring. The hysteresis model of toothed electromagnetic spring is established by adding mass, damping, and asymmetric correction terms with direction. Subsequently, the particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to identify the parameters of the established model, and the results are compared with those obtained from the experiment. The results show that the current has a significant impact on the dynamic curve. When the current increases from 0.5 A to 2.0 A, the electromagnetic force sharply increases from 49 N to 534 N. Under different excitations and currents, the residual points predicted by the model proposed in this work fall basically in the horizontal band region of -20-20 N (for an applied current of 1.0 A) and -40-80 N (for an application of 4.5 mm/s). Furthermore, the maximum relative error of the model is 12.75%. The
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-07
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2487261-1
ISSN	1996-1944
ISSN	1996-1944
DOI	10.3390/ma16134889
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Article ; Online: Phytochemical analysis and hepatotoxicity assessment of braised Polygoni Multiflori Radix (Wen-He-Shou-Wu).

Zhang, Tao / Xie, Yating / Li, Tao / Deng, Yaling / Wan, Quan / Bai, Tingting / Zhang, Qing / Cai, Zhongxi / Chen, Mingxia / Zhang, Jinlian

Biomedical chromatography : BMC

2023 Volume 38, Issue 2, Page(s) e5768

Abstract: ... uncommon technique is the braising method-also known as 'Wen-Fa' in Chinese-which is used to prepare tonics ... or poisonous medications. Braised PMR (BPMR)-also known as 'Wen-He-Shou-Wu'-is one ...

Abstract	Polygoni Multiflori Radix (PMR) is a medicinal herb commonly used in China and Eastern Asia. Recently, the discovery of hepatotoxicity in PMR has received considerable attention from scientists. Processing is a traditional Chinese medicine technique used for the effective reduction of toxicity. One uncommon technique is the braising method-also known as 'Wen-Fa' in Chinese-which is used to prepare tonics or poisonous medications. Braised PMR (BPMR)-also known as 'Wen-He-Shou-Wu'-is one of the processed products of the braising method. However, the non-volatile components of BPMR have not been identified and examined in detail, and therefore, the hepatotoxic advantage of BPMR remains unknown. In this study, we compared the microscopic characteristics of different samples in powder form using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), investigated the non-volatile components, assessed the effects of different processed PMR products on the liver, and compared the differences between BPMR and PMR Praeparata recorded in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 edition). We found that the hepatotoxicity of BPMR was dramatically decreased, which may be related to an increase in polysaccharide content and a decrease in toxic substances. The present study provides an important foundation for future investigations of the processing mechanisms of BPMR.
MeSH term(s)	Drugs, Chinese Herbal/chemistry ; Polygonum/chemistry ; Phytochemicals/analysis ; Plant Roots/chemistry ; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury
Chemical Substances	Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; Phytochemicals
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-12
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	632848-9
ISSN	1099-0801 ; 0269-3879
ISSN (online)	1099-0801
ISSN	0269-3879
DOI	10.1002/bmc.5768
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Article ; Online: Dynamic Characteristics of the Bouc–Wen Nonlinear Isolation System

Zhiying Zhang / Xin Tian / Xin Ge

Applied Sciences, Vol 11, Iss 6106, p

2021 Volume 6106

Abstract: The Bouc–Wen nonlinear hysteretic model has many control parameters, which has been widely used ... which can be effectively simulated by the Bouc–Wen model, and the isolation system can reflect different ...

Abstract	The Bouc–Wen nonlinear hysteretic model has many control parameters, which has been widely used in the field of seismic isolation. The isolation layer is the most important part of the isolation system, which can be effectively simulated by the Bouc–Wen model, and the isolation system can reflect different dynamic characteristics under different control parameters. Therefore, this paper mainly studies and analyzes the nonlinear dynamic characteristics of the isolation system under different influence factors based on the incremental harmonic balance method, which can provide the basis for the dynamic design of the isolation system.
Keywords	Bouc–Wen ; nonlinear hysteretic model ; incremental harmonic balance method ; vibration isolation system ; Technology ; T ; Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ; TA1-2040 ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5 ; Physics ; QC1-999 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-06-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: UPLC-QTOF-MS with a chemical profiling approach for holistic quality evaluation between a material reference of Wen Dan decoction and its commercial preparations.

Yang, Siyu / Chen, Gan / Yuan, Man / Zou, Yan / Zhang, Hongmei / Xu, Hongxi

Chinese medicine

2023 Volume 18, Issue 1, Page(s) 63

Abstract: Background: Wen Dan decoction (WDD) has been a famous classic formula for resolving phlegm ...

Abstract	Background: Wen Dan decoction (WDD) has been a famous classic formula for resolving phlegm since ancient times in China. Currently, there are many types of WDD commercial preparations produced through modern technology. However, it is not known whether the holistic quality of WDD commercial preparations is consistent with the traditional decocting method to exert its proper effects. Therefore, the WDD material reference was studied and prepared, which can represent the traditional Chinese formulation WDD. Methods: A method based on UPLC-QTOF-MS was developed to evaluate the quality of WDD material reference and commercial prescriptions. At the same time, the multivariate statistical method was used to compare the differences between the material reference and the commercial prescription by principal component analysis (PCA) and heatmap. Finally, the UPLC-QTOF-MS method was established to quantitatively study 11 representative components, including naringin, hesperidin, neohesperidin, liquiritin, glycyrrhizic acid, adenosine, liquiritigenin, tangeretin, eriocitrin, naringenin and synephrine. Results: A total of 107 compounds were identified in the WDD material reference by comparing the retention time and fragment ion characteristics, including 54 flavonoids, 14 triterpenes, 10 organic acids, 7 alkaloids, 7 coumarins and 15 other components. The samples were almost evenly split into two groups, indicating a difference in quality between the WDD material reference and its commercial preparations in multivariate statistical analysis. Eleven major components of linearity, precision, repeatability, stability and recovery rate met the requirements, which were clearly different in commercial preparations and WDD material references. In terms of the content of 11 components in the commercial preparation, only CP8 is close to the material reference, which is in agreement with the statistical analysis of the heatmap. The concentrations of naringin and neohesperidin from the WDD material reference were higher than those from the commercial preparations. Conclusions: The quality evaluation method established in this study can be used to identify different sources of WDD but also proves that the WDD material reference contains higher naringin. Furthermore, this study confirmed that the preparation technology of WDD commercial prescriptions should be optimized on the basis of WDD material references, producing the closest possible clinical basis for the substance.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-30
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2260322-0
ISSN	1749-8546
ISSN	1749-8546
DOI	10.1186/s13020-023-00767-z
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Article ; Online: Efficacy of Wen-Dan Decoction in the treatment of patients with coronary heart disease: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis.

Zhang, Xiaoyu / Wang, Yingwei / Liu, Lufei / Jiang, Hui / Wang, Jing / Xiao, Yang / Wang, Jianwei

Medicine

2022 Volume 101, Issue 1, Page(s) e28041

Abstract: ... to ischemic cardiomyopathy and is more common in clinic. Previous studies have shown that Wen-Dan Decoction ...

Abstract	Background: Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a heart disease caused by myocardial ischemia, hypoxia or necrosis due to stenosis or occlusion of lumen caused by coronary atherosclerosis. It belongs to ischemic cardiomyopathy and is more common in clinic. Previous studies have shown that Wen-Dan Decoction (WDD) is safe and effective, but there is a lack of systematic reviews. The purpose of this study is to systematically study the efficacy of WDD in the treatment of patients with CHD. Methods: We will search the following databases: PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Central, Chinese databases China Biomedical Literature, Wanfang Chinese digital periodical and conference database (Wanfang Database), China National Knowledge Infrastructure database, and VIP Chinese Science and Technique Journals Database (VIP) from inception to August 2021. All published randomized controlled trials related to this study will be included. The ongoing or unpublished trials will be searched from National Institutes of Health clinical registry Clinical Trials, International Clinical Trials Registry Platform and the Chinese clinical trial registration platform. Two researchers separately screened the literature and extracted data. The primary outcome is total effective rate. The RevMan V5.3 will be used to evaluate literature and data analysis synthesis. Results: This study will provide a reliable evidence-based basis for the clinical application of WDD in the treatment of patients with CHD. Conclusion: The effectiveness of WDD for CHD will be evaluated. Unique inplasy number: 2021110001.
MeSH term(s)	Coronary Disease/drug therapy ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use ; Humans ; Meta-Analysis as Topic ; Research Design ; Systematic Reviews as Topic ; Treatment Outcome
Chemical Substances	Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; wendan
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-14
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial
ZDB-ID	80184-7
ISSN	1536-5964 ; 0025-7974
ISSN (online)	1536-5964
ISSN	0025-7974
DOI	10.1097/MD.0000000000028041
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Article ; Online: Adaptive compound control based on generalized Bouc-Wen inverse hysteresis modeling in piezoelectric actuators.

Zhang, Quan / Gao, Yuanpeng / Li, Qingling / Yin, Dayi

The Review of scientific instruments

2021 Volume 92, Issue 11, Page(s) 115004

Abstract: ... of piezoelectric hysteresis, and the complex inversion process of the generalized Bouc-Wen hysteresis model ... by the generalized Bouc-Wen inverse model and the auto-regressive exogenous model, respectively, and the parameters ...

Abstract	This paper focuses on the study of the dynamic hysteresis compensation and control of piezoelectric actuators so as to improve the swing accuracy of the piezoelectric fast steering mirror mechanism in the photoelectric compound-axis control system. Moreover, in view of the rate dependence and asymmetry of piezoelectric hysteresis, and the complex inversion process of the generalized Bouc-Wen hysteresis model, the Hammerstein dynamic inverse hysteresis model of the piezoelectric actuator is established. To be specific, the static nonlinearity and rate dependence of the piezoelectric inverse hysteresis are represented by the generalized Bouc-Wen inverse model and the auto-regressive exogenous model, respectively, and the parameters of the model are identified by the adaptive beetle swarm optimization algorithm. In the process of the open-loop feedforward compensation, the dynamic positioning accuracy of the piezoelectric actuator is greatly affected by various disturbances and the uncertainty of the hysteresis compensation model. In this context, a compound control strategy that combines the feedforward compensation with the single-neuron adaptive proportion-integration-differentiation control is proposed based on the Hammerstein dynamic inverse hysteresis model of the piezoelectric actuator. The experimental results verify the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed control strategy.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-12-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	209865-9
ISSN	1089-7623 ; 0034-6748
ISSN (online)	1089-7623
ISSN	0034-6748
DOI	10.1063/5.0059368
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Article: Qing-Wen-Jie-Re Mixture Ameliorates Poly (I:C)-Induced Viral Pneumonia Through Regulating the Inflammatory Response and Serum Metabolism.

Li, Qin / Zhang, Tingrui / Wang, Yuming / Yang, Shangsong / Luo, Junyu / Fang, Fang / Liao, Jiabao / Wen, Weibo / Cui, Huantian / Shang, Hongcai

Frontiers in pharmacology

2022 Volume 13, Page(s) 891851

Abstract: Qing-Wen-Jie-Re mixture (QWJR) has been used in the treatment of the coronavirus disease 2019 ...

Abstract	Qing-Wen-Jie-Re mixture (QWJR) has been used in the treatment of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China. However, the protective mechanisms of QWJR on viral pneumonia remain unclear. In the present study, we first investigated the therapeutic effects of QWJR on a rat viral pneumonia model established by using polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly (I:C)). The results indicated that QWJR could relieve the destruction of alveolar-capillary barrier in viral pneumonia rats, as represented by the decreased wet/dry weight (W/D) ratio in lung, total cell count and total protein concentration in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Besides, QWJR could also down-regulate the expression of inflammatory factors such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6. More M1-type macrophage polarization was detected by calculating CD86
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-06-15
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2587355-6
ISSN	1663-9812
ISSN	1663-9812
DOI	10.3389/fphar.2022.891851
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Article ; Online: Wen-Shen-Jian-Pi-Hua-Tan decoction protects against early obesity-related glomerulopathy by improving renal bile acid composition and suppressing lipogenesis, inflammation, and fibrosis.

Song, Daofei / Zhang, Aijie / Hu, Xu / Zeng, MingXing / Zhou, Huimin

Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology

2023 Volume 116, Page(s) 154861

Abstract: ... pathogenic role in obese patients with CKD. Wen-Shen-Jian-Pi-Hua-Tan decoction (WSHT) has been clinically ...

Abstract	Background: Obesity is an independent predictor of chronic kidney disease (CKD) development and may directly lead to kidney lesions such as obesity-related glomerulopathy (ORG) which might play a vital pathogenic role in obese patients with CKD. Wen-Shen-Jian-Pi-Hua-Tan decoction (WSHT) has been clinically used for the treatment of obesity and obesity-related metabolic diseases for years. However, the renoprotective effects and potential mechanism of action of WSHT against ORG remain unknown. Purpose: This study aimed to explore the potential effect of WSHT on ORG and reveal its mechanisms in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese rats. Methods: An animal model of early stage ORG was established using HFD-induced obese rats. After treatment with WSHT for 6 weeks, an integrated metabolomics and molecular biology strategy was utilized to illustrate the effects and mechanism of WSHT on ORG. First, UPLC-ESI-MS/MS-based targeted metabolomics was used to analyze renal bile acid (BA) levels. Biochemical, histological, and immunofluorescence assays; electron microscopy; and western blotting were performed to evaluate the efficacy of WSHT against ORG and its underlying mechanisms in vivo. Results: Our results showed that an HFD led to hyperlipidemia, proteinuria, renal lipid deposition, effacement of podocyte foot processes, and increased expression of proinflammatory factors and profibrotic growth factors in ORG rats. In addition, an HFD decreased the levels of renal BAs such as cholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid, and lithocholic acid. After 6 weeks of treatment, WSHT markedly attenuated dyslipidemia and reduced body, kidney and epididymal fat weights in ORG rats. WSHT also significantly increased BA levels, suggesting that it altered BA composition; the effects of BAs are closely associated with farnesoid X receptor (FXR) activation. WSHT alleviated fat accumulation, podocyte loss and proteinuria, and reduced the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and profibrotic growth factors in the kidneys of ORG rats. Finally, WSHT remarkably upregulated the renal expression of FXR and salt-induced kinase 1 and blocked the renal expression of sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c and its target genes. Conclusion: WSHT attenuated early renal lesions in ORG rats by improving renal BA composition and suppressing lipogenesis, inflammation and fibrosis. This study develops a new way to alleviate obesity-induced renal damages.
MeSH term(s)	Rats ; Animals ; Bile Acids and Salts/metabolism ; Lipogenesis ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry ; Kidney/pathology ; Obesity/complications ; Obesity/drug therapy ; Obesity/metabolism ; Inflammation/metabolism ; Fibrosis ; Proteinuria ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic
Chemical Substances	Bile Acids and Salts
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-04
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1205240-1
ISSN	1618-095X ; 0944-7113
ISSN (online)	1618-095X
ISSN	0944-7113
DOI	10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154861
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Article ; Online: Network pharmacology approach and molecular docking to explore the potential mechanism of Wu-Wei-Wen-Tong Chubi capsules in rheumatoid arthritis.

Cui, Xiaoya / Liu, Jian / Zhang, Lili / Wang, Xiaoli / Liu, Xiaochuang / Jiang, Hui

Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology

2022 Volume 395, Issue 9, Page(s) 1061–1073

Abstract: ... the targets of Wu-Wei-Wen-Tong Chubi capsule (WWWT) to explore the mechanism in the treatment of rheumatoid ...

Abstract	Network pharmacology, a holistic approach based on the theory of biological network technology, integrates information from biological systems, drugs, and diseases. Here, this theory was used to predict the targets of Wu-Wei-Wen-Tong Chubi capsule (WWWT) to explore the mechanism in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The ingredients of each herbal medicine in WWWT were collected from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP), and the active ingredients were screened through bioavailability (OB) ≥30% and drug-likeness (DL) ≥ 0.18. SwissTargetPrection and TCMSP were utilized to calculate and predict the targets of active ingredients. RA-related targets were obtained by searching the Genecards and OMIM databases. The common targets of RA and WWWT were used for gene ontology (GO), KEGG pathway enrichment, protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis, and molecular docking. And then, four key genes were screened for subsequent verification experiments. In total, 90 active compounds and 330 potential targets of WWWT, 1310 targets of RA, and 135 intersection targets were found. Additionally, GO and pathway analysis identified 4610 significant GO terms and 147 significant KEGG pathways. Based on the PPI network, 11 key genes including IL-6, MMP-9, and TNF-α were screened out for molecular docking. Molecular docking showed that these key genes have good binding activities to active compounds of WWWT such as oroxylin a, kaempferol, and luteolin. Simultaneously, Western blot experimental validation demonstrated that the protein expressions of IL-6, MMP-9, TNF-α, and VEGFA significantly decreased after WWWT treatment. The mechanism of WWWT in treating RA involves multiple active compounds acting on multiple targets, and multiple pathways, which provides an important reference for further elucidation the mechanism and clinical applications of WWWT in the treatment of RA.
MeSH term(s)	Arthritis, Rheumatoid ; Capsules ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; Humans ; Interleukin-6 ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 ; Molecular Docking Simulation ; Network Pharmacology ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
Chemical Substances	Capsules ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; Interleukin-6 ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 (EC 3.4.24.35)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-06-07
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	121471-8
ISSN	1432-1912 ; 0028-1298
ISSN (online)	1432-1912
ISSN	0028-1298
DOI	10.1007/s00210-022-02260-0
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