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Article: Prognostic and diagnostic scoring models in acute alcohol-associated hepatitis: A review comparing the performance of different scoring systems.

Mitri, Jad / Almeqdadi, Mohammad / Karagozian, Raffi

2023 Volume 15, Issue 8, Page(s) 954–963

Abstract: Alcohol-associated hepatitis (AAH) is a severe form of liver disease caused by alcohol consumption. In the absence of confounding factors, clinical features and laboratory markers are sufficient to diagnose AAH, rule out alternative causes of liver ... ...

Abstract	Alcohol-associated hepatitis (AAH) is a severe form of liver disease caused by alcohol consumption. In the absence of confounding factors, clinical features and laboratory markers are sufficient to diagnose AAH, rule out alternative causes of liver injury and assess disease severity. Due to the elevated mortality of AAH, assessing the prognosis is a radical step in management. The Maddrey discriminant function (MDF) is the first established clinical prognostic score for AAH and was commonly used in the earliest AAH clinical trials. A MDF > 32 indicates a poor prognosis and a potential benefit of initiating corticosteroids. The model for end stage liver disease (MELD) score has been studied for AAH prognostication and new evidence suggests MELD may predict mortality more accurately than MDF. The Lille score is usually combined to MDF or MELD score after corticosteroid initiation and offers the advantage of assessing response to treatment a 4-7 d into the course. Other commonly used scores include the Glasgow Alcoholic Hepatitis Score and the Age Bilirubin international normalized ratio Creatinine model. Clinical AAH correlate adequately with histologic severity scores and leave little indication for liver biopsy in assessing AAH prognosis. AAH presenting as acute on chronic liver failure (ACLF) is so far prognosticated with ACLF-specific scoring systems. New artificial intelligence-generated prognostic models have emerged and are being studied for use in AAH. Acute kidney injury (AKI) is one possible complication of AAH and is significantly associated with increased AAH mortality. Predicting AKI and alcohol relapse are important steps in the management of AAH. The aim of this review is to discuss the performance and limitations of different scoring models for AAH mortality, emphasize the most useful tools in prognostication and review predictors of recurrence.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-04
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2573703-X
ISSN	1948-5182
ISSN	1948-5182
DOI	10.4254/wjh.v15.i8.954
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Article: Gastroenterology fellowship application and match trends in the United States over a 12-year period, 2010 to 2022.

Alsakarneh, Saqr / Jaber, Fouad / Abuheija, Usama / Almeqdadi, Mohammad / Duong, Nikki / Clarkston, Wendell

Proceedings (Baylor University. Medical Center)

2023 Volume 37, Issue 1, Page(s) 90–93

Abstract: Introduction: Gastroenterology has recently gained prominence as a competitive internal medicine subspecialty. The intense competition within the gastroenterology fellowship match (GFM) presents challenges for both applicants and programs, particularly ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Gastroenterology has recently gained prominence as a competitive internal medicine subspecialty. The intense competition within the gastroenterology fellowship match (GFM) presents challenges for both applicants and programs, particularly in virtual interviews due to the COVID-19 pandemic. We analyzed the variables impacting GFM competitiveness to provide insights for prospective gastroenterologists and programs to enhance the match process. Methods: We used publicly available National Resident Matching Program (NRMP) data to examine applications and match data for internal medicine subspecialties from 2010 to 2022. We considered factors such as the number of positions, applicants, and programs, utilizing the specialty competitiveness ratio (SCR) to assess competitiveness. Annual growth rates for positions and applications and average annual growth rates were calculated. Correlation coefficients between annual salaries and SCR were computed using various compensation reports. Results: GFM's competitiveness has increased recently, evidenced by substantial growth in positions (4.61%) and applications (3.81%) since 2010. Gastroenterology ranked as the second-fastest growing specialty in positions and applications. In 2022, GFM ranked fourth in applications (974) and positions offered (616). Among internal medicine subspecialties, gastroenterology exhibited the highest SCR (1.58). Correlation analysis highlighted a positive link between SCR and compensation across specialties. Conclusion: The escalating competition within GFM necessitates an expansion of positions to address potential shortages. Complex factors, such as academic interest and financial considerations, require multifaceted strategies to ensure an adequate supply of gastroenterologists. Further research is warranted to examine the long-term consequences of this trend.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-20
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2703932-8
ISSN	1525-3252 ; 0899-8280
ISSN (online)	1525-3252
ISSN	0899-8280
DOI	10.1080/08998280.2023.2258753
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Article: Ischemic Reperfusion Injury After Liver Transplantation: Is There a Place for Conservative Management?

Obed, Aiman / Alsakarneh, Saqr / Abuassi, Mohammad / Bashir, Abdalla / Ahmad, Bashar Ali / Jarrad, Anwar / Lorf, Thomas / Almeqdadi, Mohammad

Gastroenterology research

2023 Volume 16, Issue 1, Page(s) 50–55

Abstract: Ischemic reperfusion injury (IRI) after liver transplantation is a common cause of early allograft dysfunction with high mortality. The purpose of this case report series is to highlight an unusual clinical course in which complete recovery can occur ... ...

Abstract	Ischemic reperfusion injury (IRI) after liver transplantation is a common cause of early allograft dysfunction with high mortality. The purpose of this case report series is to highlight an unusual clinical course in which complete recovery can occur following the identification of severe hepatic IRI post-transplantation and the implications of this finding on management strategies in patients with IRI post-transplant. Here, we include three cases of severe IRI following liver transplantation that are putatively resolved without retransplantation or definitive therapeutic intervention. All patients recovered until their final follow-up visits to our institution and developed no significant complications from their injury throughout the course of patient care by our institution after discharge from the hospital.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-28
Publishing country	Canada
Document type	Case Reports
ZDB-ID	2475913-2
ISSN	1918-2813 ; 1918-2805
ISSN (online)	1918-2813
ISSN	1918-2805
DOI	10.14740/gr1584
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Article: Rise of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors in the management of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.

Dokmak, Amr / Almeqdadi, Mohammad / Trivedi, Hirsh / Krishnan, Sandeep

World journal of hepatology

2019 Volume 11, Issue 7, Page(s) 562–573

Abstract: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common form of chronic liver disease in the Western world. It is more prevalent in male gender, and with increasing age, obesity, and insulin resistance. Besides weight loss, there are limited ... ...

Abstract	Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common form of chronic liver disease in the Western world. It is more prevalent in male gender, and with increasing age, obesity, and insulin resistance. Besides weight loss, there are limited treatment options. The use of anti-diabetic medications has been studied with mixed results. In this review, we discuss the use of anti-diabetic medications in the management of NAFLD with a specific focus on sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors. We shed light on the evidence supporting their use in detail and discuss limitations and future directions.
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-07-29
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2573703-X
ISSN	1948-5182
ISSN	1948-5182
DOI	10.4254/wjh.v11.i7.562
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Article ; Online: Native coronary artery thrombosis in the setting of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia: a case report.

Almeqdadi, Mohammad / Aoun, Joe / Carrozza, Joseph

European heart journal. Case reports

2018 Volume 2, Issue 4, Page(s) yty138

Abstract: Background: Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is a rare complication of heparin therapy. Its pathogenesis includes thrombotic events that can rarely affect the coronary arteries.: Case summary: We report a 67-year-old woman who presented with ... ...

Abstract	Background: Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is a rare complication of heparin therapy. Its pathogenesis includes thrombotic events that can rarely affect the coronary arteries. Case summary: We report a 67-year-old woman who presented with extensive lower extremities deep venous thrombosis. After being treated with heparin, she developed an ST-elevation myocardial infarction secondary to an acute thrombus formation. The patient's platelets dropped within 6 days from the procedure and her heparin-PF4 IgG antibody and serotonin release assay were positive confirming the diagnosis of HIT. Discussion: Prothrombotic states, such as HIT, are associated with increased risk for coronary thrombosis and ischaemia. Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia can cause coronary complications usually in previously disrupted coronary vessels and bypass grafts. Here, we demonstrate that spontaneous thrombosis can occur in a previously untreated native coronary artery in a patient with HIT.
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-11-26
Publishing country	England
Document type	Case Reports
ISSN	2514-2119
ISSN (online)	2514-2119
DOI	10.1093/ehjcr/yty138
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Article ; Online: Gut organoids: mini-tissues in culture to study intestinal physiology and disease.

Almeqdadi, Mohammad / Mana, Miyeko D / Roper, Jatin / Yilmaz, Ömer H

American journal of physiology. Cell physiology

2019 Volume 317, Issue 3, Page(s) C405–C419

Abstract: In vitro, cell cultures are essential tools in the study of intestinal function and disease. For the past few decades, monolayer cellular cultures, such as cancer cell lines or immortalized cell lines, have been widely applied in gastrointestinal ... ...

Abstract	In vitro, cell cultures are essential tools in the study of intestinal function and disease. For the past few decades, monolayer cellular cultures, such as cancer cell lines or immortalized cell lines, have been widely applied in gastrointestinal research. Recently, the development of three-dimensional cultures known as organoids has permitted the growth of normal crypt-villus units that recapitulate many aspects of intestinal physiology. Organoid culturing has also been applied to study gastrointestinal diseases, intestinal-microbe interactions, and colorectal cancer. These models are amenable to CRISPR gene editing and drug treatments, including high-throughput small-molecule testing. Three-dimensional intestinal cultures have been transplanted into mice to develop versatile in vivo models of intestinal disease, particularly cancer. Limitations of currently available organoid models include cost and challenges in modeling nonepithelial intestinal cells, such as immune cells and the microbiota. Here, we describe the development of organoid models of intestinal biology and the applications of organoids for study of the pathophysiology of intestinal diseases and cancer.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Gastrointestinal Diseases/pathology ; Gastrointestinal Diseases/physiopathology ; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms/pathology ; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms/physiopathology ; Gastrointestinal Tract/pathology ; Gastrointestinal Tract/physiology ; Gastrointestinal Tract/physiopathology ; Humans ; Intestinal Mucosa/pathology ; Intestinal Mucosa/physiology ; Intestinal Mucosa/physiopathology ; Organoids/pathology ; Organoids/physiology ; Organoids/physiopathology
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-06-19
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. ; Review
ZDB-ID	392098-7
ISSN	1522-1563 ; 0363-6143
ISSN (online)	1522-1563
ISSN	0363-6143
DOI	10.1152/ajpcell.00300.2017
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Article: A comparison of career plans of gastroenterology fellows compared to fellows in other internal medicine subspecialties.

Alsakarneh, Saqr / Almeqdadi, Mohammad / Jaber, Fouad / Beran, Azizullah / Aldiabat, Mohammd / Kilani, Yassine / Reid, Adam Muhammad / Zulqarnain, Mir / Abughazaleh, Saeed / Duong, Nikki / Clarkston, Wendell

Proceedings (Baylor University. Medical Center)

2023 Volume 37, Issue 1, Page(s) 96–100

Abstract: Background: The career trajectory of medical professionals, particularly in specialized fields like gastroenterology, can significantly impact healthcare and research. This study aimed to analyze career choices among gastroenterology fellows in the US ... ...

Abstract	Background: The career trajectory of medical professionals, particularly in specialized fields like gastroenterology, can significantly impact healthcare and research. This study aimed to analyze career choices among gastroenterology fellows in the US and investigate the factors influencing these choices. Methods: We utilized data from the American Medical Association on internal medicine subspecialty fellows. The study examined career plans of gastroenterology fellows and compared them with those of other subspecialties. A chi-square test was performed to assess differences in career choices and practice settings. Results: Among gastroenterology fellows, 46% opted for private practice, 28% pursued further training, and 26% chose academia. Notably, gastroenterology fellows were more inclined toward private practice than their counterparts in other subspecialties (46.3% vs 38.4%) and were less likely to pursue academic careers (25.6% vs 30.7%). Conclusion: This study highlights a concerning trend among recent gastroenterology fellowship graduates favoring private practice over academic careers or additional training. To sustain and strengthen academic medicine in gastroenterology, interventions such as scholarships, mentorship programs, and loan repayment initiatives tailored to academic pursuits could play a crucial role.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-20
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2703932-8
ISSN	1525-3252 ; 0899-8280
ISSN (online)	1525-3252
ISSN	0899-8280
DOI	10.1080/08998280.2023.2282819
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Article: A quality improvement project to reduce overutilization of blood tests in a teaching hospital.

Almeqdadi, Mohammad / Nair, Hari Krishnan / Hill, Jeoffrey / Sanchez-Cruz, Julian / Nader, Claudia / Jaber, Bertrand L

Journal of community hospital internal medicine perspectives

2019 Volume 9, Issue 3, Page(s) 189–194

Abstract: ... ...

Abstract	Objective
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-06-19
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2616884-4
ISSN	2000-9666
ISSN	2000-9666
DOI	10.1080/20009666.2019.1601979
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Article ; Online: Phenotypic Variability of c.436delC DCAF17 Gene Mutation in Woodhouse-Sakati Syndrome.

Almeqdadi, Mohammad / Kemppainen, Jennifer L / Pichurin, Pavel N / Gavrilova, Ralitza H

The American journal of case reports

2018 Volume 19, Page(s) 347–353

Abstract: BACKGROUND Woodhouse-Sakati syndrome (WSS) is a rare autosomal recessive genetic condition that was first described in 1983. Since its original description, approximately 50 cases have been reported with various clinical signs and symptoms. ... ...

Abstract	BACKGROUND Woodhouse-Sakati syndrome (WSS) is a rare autosomal recessive genetic condition that was first described in 1983. Since its original description, approximately 50 cases have been reported with various clinical signs and symptoms. Characteristics include progressive neurologic deterioration with extrapyramidal involvement and polyendocrinopathy most notable for hypogonadism starting in early adolescence. Clinical presentation is variable, and a subset of patients may have additional features, such as premature aging, alopecia, distinctive facial features, cognitive impairment, or deafness. CASE REPORT We illustrate the phenotypic variability of 5 patients with WSS due to the previously reported homozygous single nucleotide deletion c.436delC in the DCAF17 gene, identified in 2008. Despite identical genetic alteration, our 5 patients had various clinical features among them and compared with previously reported cases with the same pathogenic mutation. CONCLUSIONS The phenotypic variability of WSS due to c.436delC founder mutation may have a wider range than previously recognized.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Adult ; Alopecia/diagnosis ; Alopecia/genetics ; Alopecia/metabolism ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac/diagnosis ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac/genetics ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac/metabolism ; Basal Ganglia Diseases/diagnosis ; Basal Ganglia Diseases/genetics ; Basal Ganglia Diseases/metabolism ; Biological Variation, Population ; Brain/pathology ; DNA/genetics ; DNA Mutational Analysis ; Diabetes Mellitus/diagnosis ; Diabetes Mellitus/genetics ; Diabetes Mellitus/metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Hypogonadism/diagnosis ; Hypogonadism/genetics ; Hypogonadism/metabolism ; Intellectual Disability/diagnosis ; Intellectual Disability/genetics ; Intellectual Disability/metabolism ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Nuclear Proteins/genetics ; Nuclear Proteins/metabolism ; Pedigree ; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligase Complexes/genetics ; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligase Complexes/metabolism ; Young Adult
Chemical Substances	DCAF17 protein, human ; Nuclear Proteins ; DNA (9007-49-2) ; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligase Complexes (EC 2.3.2.23)
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-03-25
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Case Reports ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2517183-5
ISSN	1941-5923 ; 1941-5923
ISSN (online)	1941-5923
ISSN	1941-5923
DOI	10.12659/ajcr.907395
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Article ; Online: Hemodialysis for treatment of levofloxacin-induced neurotoxicity.

Idrees, Najia / Almeqdadi, Mohammad / Balakrishnan, Vaidyanathapuram S / Jaber, Bertrand L

Hemodialysis international. International Symposium on Home Hemodialysis

2018 Volume 23, Issue 2, Page(s) E40–E45

Abstract: Levofloxacin, a third-generation fluoroquinolone antibiotic, is rarely associated with neurotoxicity. Patients with advanced kidney disease are particularly vulnerable to this adverse effect. We present two elderly patients with kidney failure who ... ...

Abstract	Levofloxacin, a third-generation fluoroquinolone antibiotic, is rarely associated with neurotoxicity. Patients with advanced kidney disease are particularly vulnerable to this adverse effect. We present two elderly patients with kidney failure who developed levofloxacin-induced neurotoxicity, which was successfully treated with frequent hemodialysis, resulting in the full resolution of their symptoms. Neurotoxicity is a well-known side effect of fluoroquinolone antibiotics. Postulated mechanisms include inhibition of the gamma-aminobutyric acid A receptors and activation of the excitatory N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors. Risk factors include older age, kidney disease, pre-existing neurological disorders, and drug-drug interactions. While management of levofloxacin-induced neurotoxicity includes discontinuation of the drug and supportive care, hemodialysis is not recommended, despite available pharmacokinetic data in support of its dialyzability. The successful use of hemodialysis for the treatment of levofloxacin-induced neurotoxicity observed in our two patients with kidney failure should be further considered for rapid resolution of this rare fluoroquinolone-related adverse effect in patients with impaired kidney function.
MeSH term(s)	Aged, 80 and over ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/adverse effects ; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions/complications ; Female ; Humans ; Levofloxacin/adverse effects ; Neurotoxicity Syndromes/etiology ; Neurotoxicity Syndromes/pathology ; Neurotoxicity Syndromes/therapy ; Renal Dialysis/methods ; Risk Factors
Chemical Substances	Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Levofloxacin (6GNT3Y5LMF)
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-09-25
Publishing country	Canada
Document type	Case Reports ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2192458-2
ISSN	1542-4758 ; 1492-7535
ISSN (online)	1542-4758
ISSN	1492-7535
DOI	10.1111/hdi.12687
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