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Article ; Online: Trends in laboratory-confirmed bacterial meningitis (2012-2019): national observational study, England.

Subbarao, Sathyavani / Ribeiro, Sonia / Campbell, Helen / Okike, Ifeanyichukwu / Ramsay, Mary E / Ladhani, Shamez N

The Lancet regional health. Europe

2023 Volume 32, Page(s) 100692

Abstract: Background: Bacterial meningitis is associated with significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. We aimed to describe the epidemiology, aetiology, trends over time and outcomes of laboratory-confirmed bacterial meningitis in England during 2012-2019.!# ...

Abstract	Background: Bacterial meningitis is associated with significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. We aimed to describe the epidemiology, aetiology, trends over time and outcomes of laboratory-confirmed bacterial meningitis in England during 2012-2019. Methods: UK Health Security Agency routinely receives electronic notifications of confirmed infections from National Health Service hospital laboratories in England. Data were extracted for positive bacterial cultures, PCR-positive results for Findings: During 2012-19, there were 6554 laboratory-confirmed cases. Mean annual incidence was 1.49/100,000, which remained stable throughout the surveillance period (p = 0.745). There were 155 different bacterial species identified, including 68.4% (106/1550) Gram-negative and 31.6% (49/155) Gram-positive bacteria. After excluding coagulase-negative staphylococci (2481/6554, 37.9%), the main pathogens causing meningitis were Interpretation: The incidence of bacterial meningitis has remained stable. The high CFR highlights a need for prevention through vaccination. Funding: PHE.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-25
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2666-7762
ISSN (online)	2666-7762
DOI	10.1016/j.lanepe.2023.100692
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Effectiveness of BNT162b2 and ChAdOx-1 vaccines in residents of long-term care facilities in England using a time-varying proportional hazards model.

Paranthaman, Karthik / Subbarao, Sathyavani / Andrews, Nick / Kirsebom, Freja / Gower, Charlotte / Lopez-Bernal, Jamie / Ramsay, Mary / Copas, Andrew

Age and ageing

2022 Volume 51, Issue 5

Abstract: Introduction: residents of long-term care facilities (LTCFs) are at high risk of adverse outcomes from SARS-CoV-2. We aimed to estimate the vaccine effectiveness (VE) of one and two doses of BNT162b2 and ChAdOx-1 against SARS CoV-2 infection and COVID- ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: residents of long-term care facilities (LTCFs) are at high risk of adverse outcomes from SARS-CoV-2. We aimed to estimate the vaccine effectiveness (VE) of one and two doses of BNT162b2 and ChAdOx-1 against SARS CoV-2 infection and COVID-19-related death in residents of LTCFs. Methods: this observational study used testing, vaccination and mortality data for LTCF residents aged ≥ 65 years who were regularly tested regardless of symptoms from 8 December 2020 to 30 September 2021 in England. Adjusted VE, calculated as one minus adjusted hazard ratio, was estimated using time-varying Cox proportional hazards models for infection and death within 28 days of positive test result. Vaccine status was defined by receipt of one or two doses of vaccine and assessed over a range of intervals. Results: of 197,885 LTCF residents, 47,087 (23.8%) had a positive test and 11,329 (5.8%) died within 28 days of a positive test during the study period. Relative to unvaccinated individuals, VE for infection was highest for ChAdOx-1 at 61% (40-74%) at 1-4 weeks and for BNT162b2 at 69% (52-80%) at 11-15 weeks following the second dose. Against death, VE was highest for ChAdOx-1 at 83% (58-94%) at 1-4 weeks and for BNT162b2 at 91% (75-97%) at 11-15 weeks following second dose. Conclusions: compared with unvaccinated residents, vaccination with one dose of BNT162b2 or ChAdOx-1 provided moderate protection against infection and death in residents of LTCFs. Protection against death improved after two doses. However, some waning of protection over time was noted.
MeSH term(s)	BNT162 Vaccine ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; England/epidemiology ; Humans ; Long-Term Care ; Proportional Hazards Models ; SARS-CoV-2
Chemical Substances	COVID-19 Vaccines ; BNT162 Vaccine (N38TVC63NU)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-21
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Observational Study
ZDB-ID	186788-x
ISSN	1468-2834 ; 0002-0729
ISSN (online)	1468-2834
ISSN	0002-0729
DOI	10.1093/ageing/afac115
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Zs.A 877: Show issues			Location: Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand) bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (1.OG) ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)
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Article ; Online: National action plans for antimicrobial resistance and variations in surveillance data platforms.

Pallett, Scott Jc / Charani, Esmita / Hawkins, Lois / Mazzella, Andrea / Anton-Vazquez, Vanesa / Banerjee, Rishi / Evans, Terry J / Patterson, Benjamin / Subbarao, Sathyavani / Alqahtani, Saleh / Basarab, Marina / Breathnach, Aodhan S / Mughal, Nabeela / Moore, Luke Sp

Bulletin of the World Health Organization

2023 Volume 101, Issue 8, Page(s) 501–512F

Abstract: Objective: To assess how national antimicrobial susceptibility data used to inform national action plans vary across surveillance platforms.: Methods: We identified available open-access, supranational, interactive surveillance platforms and cross- ... ...

Abstract	Objective: To assess how national antimicrobial susceptibility data used to inform national action plans vary across surveillance platforms. Methods: We identified available open-access, supranational, interactive surveillance platforms and cross-checked their data in accordance with the World Health Organization's (WHO's) Data Quality Assurance: module 1. We compared platform usability and completeness of time-matched data on the antimicrobial susceptibilities of four blood isolate species: Findings: Of 71 countries actively submitting data to WHO, 28 also submit to Pfizer's database; 19 to ECDC; and 16 to all three platforms. Limits of agreement between WHO's and Pfizer's platforms for organism-country susceptibility data ranged from -26% to 35%. While mean susceptibilities of WHO's and ECDC's platforms did not differ (bias: 0%, 95% confidence interval: -2 to 2), concordance between organism-country susceptibility was low (limits of agreement -18% to 18%). Significant differences exist in isolate numbers reported between WHO-Pfizer (mean of difference: 674, Conclusion: The considerable heterogeneity of nationally submitted data to commonly used antimicrobial resistance surveillance platforms compromises their validity, thus undermining local and global antimicrobial resistance strategies. Hence, we need to understand and address surveillance platform variability and its underlying mechanisms.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Anti-Infective Agents
Chemical Substances	Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Anti-Infective Agents
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-29
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	80213-x
ISSN	1564-0604 ; 0042-9686 ; 0366-4996 ; 0510-8659
ISSN (online)	1564-0604
ISSN	0042-9686 ; 0366-4996 ; 0510-8659
DOI	10.2471/BLT.22.289403
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Article ; Online: Invasive Meningococcal Disease, 2011-2020, and Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic, England.

Subbarao, Sathyavani / Campbell, Helen / Ribeiro, Sonia / Clark, Stephen A / Lucidarme, Jay / Ramsay, Mary / Borrow, Ray / Ladhani, Shamez

Emerging infectious diseases

2021 Volume 27, Issue 9, Page(s) 2495–2497

Abstract: Invasive meningococcal disease incidence in England declined from 1.93/100,000 persons (1,016 cases) in 2010-11 to 0.95/100,000 (530 cases) in 2018-19 and 0.74/100,000 in 2019-20 (419 cases). During national lockdown for the coronavirus disease pandemic ( ...

Abstract	Invasive meningococcal disease incidence in England declined from 1.93/100,000 persons (1,016 cases) in 2010-11 to 0.95/100,000 (530 cases) in 2018-19 and 0.74/100,000 in 2019-20 (419 cases). During national lockdown for the coronavirus disease pandemic (April-August 2020), incidence was 75% lower than during April-August 2019.
MeSH term(s)	COVID-19 ; Communicable Disease Control ; England/epidemiology ; Humans ; Meningococcal Infections/epidemiology ; Meningococcal Vaccines ; Neisseria meningitidis ; Pandemics ; SARS-CoV-2
Chemical Substances	Meningococcal Vaccines
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-06-30
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1380686-5
ISSN	1080-6059 ; 1080-6040
ISSN (online)	1080-6059
ISSN	1080-6040
DOI	10.3201/eid2709.204866
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Zs.A 4778: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Author Correction: Serological responses and vaccine effectiveness for extended COVID-19 vaccine schedules in England.

Amirthalingam, Gayatri / Bernal, Jamie Lopez / Andrews, Nick J / Whitaker, Heather / Gower, Charlotte / Stowe, Julia / Tessier, Elise / Subbarao, Sathyavani / Ireland, Georgina / Baawuah, Frances / Linley, Ezra / Warrener, Lenesha / O'Brien, Michelle / Whillock, Corinne / Moss, Paul / Ladhani, Shamez N / Brown, Kevin E / Ramsay, Mary E

Nature communications

2022 Volume 13, Issue 1, Page(s) 733

Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-02
Publishing country	England
Document type	Published Erratum
ZDB-ID	2553671-0
ISSN	2041-1723 ; 2041-1723
ISSN (online)	2041-1723
ISSN	2041-1723
DOI	10.1038/s41467-022-28393-7
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Journal ; Article ; Online: National action plans for antimicrobial resistance and variations in surveillance data platforms

Pallett, Scott JC / Charani, Esmita / Hawkins, Lois / Mazzella, Andrea / Anton-Vazquez, Vanesa / Banerjee, Rishi / Evans, Terry J / Patterson, Benjamin / Subbarao, Sathyavani / Alqahtani, Saleh / Basarab, Marina / Breathnach, Aodhan S / Mughal, Nabeela / Moore, Luke SP

2023

Abstract: ... 501 ... ...

Abstract	501 512F
Keywords	Research
Publisher	World Health Organization
Document type	Journal ; Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Invasive Meningococcal Disease, 2011–2020, and Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic, England

Sathyavani Subbarao / Helen Campbell / Sonia Ribeiro / Stephen A. Clark / Jay Lucidarme / Mary Ramsay / Ray Borrow / Shamez Ladhani

Emerging Infectious Diseases, Vol 27, Iss 9, Pp 2495-

2021 Volume 2497

Abstract: Invasive meningococcal disease incidence in England declined from 1.93/100,000 persons (1,016 cases) in 2010–11 to 0.95/100,000 (530 cases) in 2018–19 and 0.74/100,000 in 2019–20 (419 cases). During national lockdown for the coronavirus disease pandemic ( ...

Abstract	Invasive meningococcal disease incidence in England declined from 1.93/100,000 persons (1,016 cases) in 2010–11 to 0.95/100,000 (530 cases) in 2018–19 and 0.74/100,000 in 2019–20 (419 cases). During national lockdown for the coronavirus disease pandemic (April–August 2020), incidence was 75% lower than during April–August 2019.
Keywords	Neisseria meningitidis ; meningococcal disease ; meningococcal vaccines ; bacterial co-infections ; case fatality rate ; SARS-CoV2 ; Medicine ; R ; Infectious and parasitic diseases ; RC109-216
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-09-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Genetic and pharmacological inhibition of inflammasomes reduces the survival of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains in macrophages.

Subbarao, Sathyavani / Sanchez-Garrido, Julia / Krishnan, Nitya / Shenoy, Avinash R / Robertson, Brian D

Scientific reports

2020 Volume 10, Issue 1, Page(s) 3709

Abstract: Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection causes high rates of morbidity and mortality. Host-directed therapy may enhance the immune response, reduce tissue damage and shorten treatment duration. The inflammasome is integral to innate immune responses but ... ...

Abstract	Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection causes high rates of morbidity and mortality. Host-directed therapy may enhance the immune response, reduce tissue damage and shorten treatment duration. The inflammasome is integral to innate immune responses but over-activation has been described in tuberculosis (TB) pathology and TB-immune reconstitution syndrome. Here we explore how clinical isolates differentially activate the inflammasome and how inflammasome inhibition can lead to enhanced bacterial clearance. Wild-type, Nlrp3
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics ; DNA-Binding Proteins/immunology ; Furans ; Heterocyclic Compounds, 4 or More Rings/pharmacology ; Humans ; Indenes ; Inflammasomes/drug effects ; Inflammasomes/genetics ; Inflammasomes/immunology ; Interleukin-1beta/genetics ; Interleukin-1beta/immunology ; Macrophages/immunology ; Macrophages/microbiology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis/drug effects ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis/genetics ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis/growth & development ; NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein/genetics ; NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein/immunology ; Sulfonamides ; Sulfones/pharmacology ; Tuberculosis/genetics ; Tuberculosis/immunology ; Tuberculosis/microbiology
Chemical Substances	Aim2 protein, mouse ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; Furans ; Heterocyclic Compounds, 4 or More Rings ; Indenes ; Inflammasomes ; Interleukin-1beta ; NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein ; Sulfonamides ; Sulfones ; N-(1,2,3,5,6,7-hexahydro-S-indacen-4-ylcarbamoyl)-4-(2-hydroxy-2-propanyl)-2-furansulfonamide (6RS86E2BWQ)
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-02-28
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2615211-3
ISSN	2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
ISSN (online)	2045-2322
ISSN	2045-2322
DOI	10.1038/s41598-020-60560-y
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Article ; Online: Genetic and pharmacological inhibition of inflammasomes reduces the survival of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains in macrophages

Sathyavani Subbarao / Julia Sanchez-Garrido / Nitya Krishnan / Avinash R. Shenoy / Brian D. Robertson

Scientific Reports, Vol 10, Iss 1, Pp 1-

2020 Volume 11

Abstract: Abstract Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection causes high rates of morbidity and mortality. Host-directed therapy may enhance the immune response, reduce tissue damage and shorten treatment duration. The inflammasome is integral to innate immune ... ...

Abstract	Abstract Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection causes high rates of morbidity and mortality. Host-directed therapy may enhance the immune response, reduce tissue damage and shorten treatment duration. The inflammasome is integral to innate immune responses but over-activation has been described in tuberculosis (TB) pathology and TB-immune reconstitution syndrome. Here we explore how clinical isolates differentially activate the inflammasome and how inflammasome inhibition can lead to enhanced bacterial clearance. Wild-type, Nlrp3 −/−/Aim2 −/−, Casp1/11 −/− and Asc −/− murine bone-marrow derived macrophages (BMDMs) were infected with laboratory strain M. tuberculosis H37Rv or clinical isolates from various lineages. Inflammasome activation and bacterial numbers were measured, and pharmacological inhibition of NLRP3 was achieved using MCC950. Clinical isolates of M. tuberculosis differed in their ability to activate inflammasomes. Beijing isolates had contrasting effects on IL-1β and caspase-1 activation, but all clinical isolates induced lower IL-1β release than H37Rv. Our studies suggest the involvement of NLRP3, AIM2 and an additional unknown sensor in IL-1β maturation. Pharmacological blockade of NLRP3 with MCC950 reduced bacterial survival, and combined treatment with the antimycobacterial drug rifampicin enhanced the effect. Modulating the inflammasome is an attractive adjunct to current anti-mycobacterial therapy that warrants further investigation.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	616
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-02-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Nature Publishing Group
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Robust antibody responses in 70-80-year-olds 3 weeks after the first or second doses of Pfizer/BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine, United Kingdom, January to February 2021.

Subbarao, Sathyavani / Warrener, Lenesha A / Hoschler, Katja / Perry, Keith R / Shute, Justin / Whitaker, Heather / O'Brien, Michelle / Baawuah, Frances / Moss, Paul / Parry, Helen / Ladhani, Shamez N / Ramsay, Mary E / Brown, Kevin E / Amirthalingam, Gayatri

Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin

2021 Volume 26, Issue 12

Abstract: Sera were collected from 185 adults aged ≥ 70 years in London to evaluate the immune response to COVID-19 vaccines. A single dose of Pfizer/BioNtech vaccine resulted in > 94% seropositivity after 3 weeks in naïve individuals using the Roche Spike ... ...

Abstract	Sera were collected from 185 adults aged ≥ 70 years in London to evaluate the immune response to COVID-19 vaccines. A single dose of Pfizer/BioNtech vaccine resulted in > 94% seropositivity after 3 weeks in naïve individuals using the Roche Spike antibody assay, while two doses produced very high spike antibody levels, significantly higher than convalescent sera from mild-to-moderate PCR-confirmed adult cases. Our findings support the United Kingdom's approach of prioritising the first dose and delaying the second dose of COVID-19 vaccine.
MeSH term(s)	Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Antibodies, Viral/blood ; Antibody Formation ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology ; Humans ; London
Chemical Substances	Antibodies, Viral ; COVID-19 Vaccines
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-03-26
Publishing country	Sweden
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1338803-4
ISSN	1560-7917 ; 1025-496X
ISSN (online)	1560-7917
ISSN	1025-496X
DOI	10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2021.26.12.2100329
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