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  1. Article ; Online: Utilization of Long-Term Care Services and the Role of Institutional Trust in South Korea.

    Fong, Joelle H

    Journal of aging & social policy

    2023  , Page(s) 1–21

    Abstract: ... on average, controlling for need-related factors (e.g., chronic conditions) and other covariates. Furthermore ...

    Abstract With population aging, governments have become increasingly involved in the administration, funding, and regulation of formal long-term care (LTC) systems. We examine the association between institutional trust and formal LTC service utilization among older adults aged ≥60 years with care needs in South Korea's public LTC scheme. Using data from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging and hierarchical logistic regressions, we evaluate the respective roles of trust in government and trust in the LTC program on service utilization. Results show that trust in the LTC scheme is significantly associated with service utilization: a unit increase in the level of trust is associated with a 29% increase in the odds of service use on average, controlling for need-related factors (e.g., chronic conditions) and other covariates. Furthermore, the positive relationship between trust and LTC utilization increases in magnitude with age. Older adults who are aged 80 and above, unmarried, with more ADL limitations, with psychiatric disease, or with arthritis are more likely to utilize formal LTC services. Our findings are robust to variations in sample inclusion criteria. Policymakers and health administrators should pay attention to building and maintaining institutional trust in public LTC schemes through good governance and other relevant strategies.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-10-11
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1046396-3
    ISSN 1545-0821 ; 0895-9420
    ISSN (online) 1545-0821
    ISSN 0895-9420
    DOI 10.1080/08959420.2023.2265776
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Personal values and people's attitudes toward older adults.

    Fong, Joelle H / Wang, Ting-Yan

    PloS one

    2023  Volume 18, Issue 8, Page(s) e0288589

    Abstract: ... can target individuals with agentic traits by emphasizing notions of power (e.g., older adults' economic ... success) and stimulation (e.g., positive images of older adults learning new things). ...

    Abstract Background: We examine the relationship between people's personal values and their attitudes toward older adults. In addition to the two conventionally-used measures of personal values (agency subdimension and communion subdimension), we distinguish across 10 different value types and explore how each impacts attitude.
    Methods: We use data from the World Values Survey for three aging Asian societies, namely Japan (N = 2448), Singapore (N = 1972), and Hong Kong PRC (N = 1000). For each sample, we perform regression-based analyses to assess the relative importance of the 10 value types in explaining people's attitudes towards older adults. Results are then compared against regressions based on the two aggregate value measures.
    Results: In all three economies, the agency subdimension was a more consistent predictor of unfavorable attitudes toward older adults, as compared to the communion subdimension. Our disaggregated analysis reveals two additional insights. First, the positive association between agentic values and attitudes was driven predominantly by the power (wealth) and stimulation (excitement) value types. Second, the lack of association between the communion subdimension and attitudes must be interpreted with caution since certain value types within this subdimension may act in opposite directions causing effects to cancel each other out at the aggregate level.
    Conclusions: Disaggregating personal value types provides greater prognostic power than the two aggregate measures, as well as insights on ways to improve people's attitudes toward older adults. Interventions aimed at reducing ageist attitudes in aging societies can target individuals with agentic traits by emphasizing notions of power (e.g., older adults' economic success) and stimulation (e.g., positive images of older adults learning new things).
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Aged ; Attitude ; Aging ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Ageism ; Regression Analysis
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-08-02
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2267670-3
    ISSN 1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
    ISSN (online) 1932-6203
    ISSN 1932-6203
    DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0288589
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Adjuvant Chemoradiation in Resected Biliary Adenocarcinoma: Evaluation of SWOG S0809 with a Large National Database.

    Dominguez, Dana A / Wong, Paul / Chen, Yi-Jen / Singh, Gagandeep P / Fong, Yuman / Li, Daneng / Ituarte, Philip H G / Melstrom, Laleh G

    Annals of surgical oncology

    2024  

    Abstract: Background: There is a paucity of evidence supporting the use of adjuvant radiation therapy in resected biliary cancer. Supporting evidence for use comes mainly from the small SWOG S0809 trial, which demonstrated an overall median survival of 35 months. ...

    Abstract Background: There is a paucity of evidence supporting the use of adjuvant radiation therapy in resected biliary cancer. Supporting evidence for use comes mainly from the small SWOG S0809 trial, which demonstrated an overall median survival of 35 months. We aimed to use a large national database to evaluate the use of adjuvant chemoradiation in resected extrahepatic bile duct and gallbladder cancer.
    Methods: Using the National Cancer Database, we selected patients from 2004 to 2017 with pT2-4, pN0-1, M0 extrahepatic bile duct or gallbladder adenocarcinoma with either R0 or R1 resection margins, and examined factors associated with overall survival (OS). We examined OS in a cohort of patients mimicking the SWOG S0809 protocol as a large validation cohort. Lastly, we compared patients who received chemotherapy only with patients who received adjuvant chemotherapy and radiation using entropy balancing propensity score matching.
    Results: Overall, 4997 patients with gallbladder or extrahepatic bile duct adenocarcinoma with available survival information meeting the SWOG S0809 criteria were selected, 469 of whom received both adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Median OS in patients undergoing chemoradiation was 36.9 months, and was not different between primary sites (p = 0.841). In a propensity score matched cohort, receipt of adjuvant chemoradiation had a survival benefit compared with adjuvant chemotherapy only (hazard ratio 0.86, 95% confidence interval 0.77-0.95; p = 0.004).
    Conclusion: Using a large national database, we support the findings of SWOG S0809 with a similar median OS in patients receiving chemoradiation. These data further support the consideration of adjuvant multimodal therapy in resected biliary cancers.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-05
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1200469-8
    ISSN 1534-4681 ; 1068-9265
    ISSN (online) 1534-4681
    ISSN 1068-9265
    DOI 10.1245/s10434-024-15117-y
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Accurate top protein variant discovery via low-N pick-and-validate machine learning.

    Chu, Hoi Yee / Fong, John H C / Thean, Dawn G L / Zhou, Peng / Fung, Frederic K C / Huang, Yuanhua / Wong, Alan S L

    Cell systems

    2024  Volume 15, Issue 2, Page(s) 193–203.e6

    Abstract: A strategy to obtain the greatest number of best-performing variants with least amount of experimental effort over the vast combinatorial mutational landscape would have enormous utility in boosting resource producibility for protein engineering. Toward ... ...

    Abstract A strategy to obtain the greatest number of best-performing variants with least amount of experimental effort over the vast combinatorial mutational landscape would have enormous utility in boosting resource producibility for protein engineering. Toward this goal, we present a simple and effective machine learning-based strategy that outperforms other state-of-the-art methods. Our strategy integrates zero-shot prediction and multi-round sampling to direct active learning via experimenting with only a few predicted top variants. We find that four rounds of low-N pick-and-validate sampling of 12 variants for machine learning yielded the best accuracy of up to 92.6% in selecting the true top 1% variants in combinatorial mutant libraries, whereas two rounds of 24 variants can also be used. We demonstrate our strategy in successfully discovering high-performance protein variants from diverse families including the CRISPR-based genome editors, supporting its generalizable application for solving protein engineering tasks. A record of this paper's transparent peer review process is included in the supplemental information.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Mutation/genetics ; Machine Learning ; Protein Engineering ; Genome
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-09
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2854138-8
    ISSN 2405-4720 ; 2405-4712
    ISSN (online) 2405-4720
    ISSN 2405-4712
    DOI 10.1016/j.cels.2024.01.002
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Association of Living in Urban Food Deserts with Mortality from Breast and Colorectal Cancer.

    Fong, Abigail J / Lafaro, Kelly / Ituarte, Philip H G / Fong, Yuman

    Annals of surgical oncology

    2020  Volume 28, Issue 3, Page(s) 1311–1319

    Abstract: Background: Food deserts are neighborhoods with low access to healthy foods and are associated with poor health metrics. We investigated association of food desert residence and cancer outcomes.: Methods: In this population-based study, data from the ...

    Abstract Background: Food deserts are neighborhoods with low access to healthy foods and are associated with poor health metrics. We investigated association of food desert residence and cancer outcomes.
    Methods: In this population-based study, data from the 2000-2012 California Cancer Registry was used to identify patients with stage II/III breast or colorectal cancer. Patient residence at time of diagnosis was linked by census tract to food desert using the USDA Food Access Research Atlas. Treatment and outcomes were compared by food desert residential status.
    Results: Among 64,987 female breast cancer patients identified, 66.8% were < 65 years old, and 5.7% resided in food deserts. Five-year survival for food desert residents was 78% compared with 80% for non-desert residents (p < 0.0001). Among 48,666 colorectal cancer patients identified, 50.4% were female, 39% were > 65 years old, and 6.4% resided in food deserts. Five-year survival for food desert residents was 60% compared with 64% for non-desert residents (p < 0.001). Living in food deserts was significantly associated with diabetes, tobacco use, poor insurance coverage, and low socioeconomic status (p < 0.05) for both cancers. There was no significant difference in rates of surgery or chemotherapy by food desert residential status for either diagnosis. Multivariable analyses showed that food desert residence was associated with higher mortality.
    Conclusion: Survival, despite treatment for stage II/III breast and colorectal cancers was worse for those living in food deserts. This association remained significant without differences in use of surgery or chemotherapy, suggesting factors other than differential care access may link food desert residence and cancer outcomes.
    MeSH term(s) Aged ; Breast Neoplasms/mortality ; Colorectal Neoplasms/mortality ; Female ; Food Deserts ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Residence Characteristics
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-08-25
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1200469-8
    ISSN 1534-4681 ; 1068-9265
    ISSN (online) 1534-4681
    ISSN 1068-9265
    DOI 10.1245/s10434-020-09049-6
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Protective effect of oral contraceptive against

    Fong, P / Wang, Q T

    Epidemiology and infection

    2021  Volume 149, Page(s) e120

    Abstract: ... seroprevalence. Data were obtained from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). The H ... pylori immunoglobulin G (IgG) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were used to categorise participants ... as seropositive or seronegative. The study population included 799 female participants who had information on H ...

    Abstract Recently, the antibacterial properties of oestrogen and progestogen were discovered. The aim of this study was to find the cross-sectional association between oral contraceptive use and Helicobacter pylori seroprevalence. Data were obtained from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). The H. pylori immunoglobulin G (IgG) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were used to categorise participants as seropositive or seronegative. The study population included 799 female participants who had information on H. pylori seroprevalence and all other covariates and had not been taking any medications (except oral contraceptives). The bivariate Rao-Scott chi-square test indicated a significant association between H. pylori seroprevalence and contraceptive use (P < 0.01). The variables of race, education, poverty income ratio, smoking, and blood lead and cadmium levels were also significantly associated with H. pylori seroprevalence (P < 0.01). Multiple logistic regression analysis of the age-adjusted model revealed that contraceptive users are 65% less likely of being H. pylori seropositive as compared to non-contraceptive users (odds ratio (OR): 0.35, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.18-0.68). This association is stronger with the final multivariate model (OR: 0.46, 95% CI: 0.23-0.89). Conclusions: This finding reveals the potential protective effect of oral contraceptives against H. pylori infection and serves as a foundation study for further investigations.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use ; Antibodies, Bacterial/blood ; Contraceptives, Oral/therapeutic use ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Databases, Factual ; Female ; Helicobacter Infections/epidemiology ; Helicobacter Infections/prevention & control ; Helicobacter pylori/drug effects ; Helicobacter pylori/immunology ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G/blood ; Middle Aged ; Odds Ratio ; Seroepidemiologic Studies ; United States/epidemiology ; Young Adult
    Chemical Substances Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Antibodies, Bacterial ; Contraceptives, Oral ; Immunoglobulin G
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-04-26
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 632982-2
    ISSN 1469-4409 ; 0950-2688
    ISSN (online) 1469-4409
    ISSN 0950-2688
    DOI 10.1017/S0950268821000923
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article: Role and regulation of prolyl hydroxylase domain proteins.

    Fong, G-H / Takeda, K

    Cell death and differentiation

    2008  Volume 15, Issue 4, Page(s) 635–641

    Abstract: Oxygen-dependent hydroxylation of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-alpha subunits by prolyl hydroxylase domain (PHD) proteins signals their polyubiquitination and proteasomal degradation, and plays a critical role in regulating HIF abundance and oxygen ... ...

    Abstract Oxygen-dependent hydroxylation of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-alpha subunits by prolyl hydroxylase domain (PHD) proteins signals their polyubiquitination and proteasomal degradation, and plays a critical role in regulating HIF abundance and oxygen homeostasis. While oxygen concentration plays a major role in determining the efficiency of PHD-catalyzed hydroxylation reactions, many other environmental and intracellular factors also significantly modulate PHD activities. In addition, PHDs may also employ hydroxylase-independent mechanisms to modify HIF activity. Interestingly, while PHDs regulate HIF-alpha protein stability, PHD2 and PHD3 themselves are subject to feedback upregulation by HIFs. Functionally, different PHD isoforms may differentially contribute to specific pathophysiological processes, including angiogenesis, erythropoiesis, tumorigenesis, and cell growth, differentiation and survival. Because of diverse roles of PHDs in many different processes, loss of PHD expression or function triggers multi-faceted pathophysiological changes as has been shown in mice lacking different PHD isoforms. Future investigations are needed to explore in vivo specificity of PHDs over different HIF-alpha subunits and differential roles of PHD isoforms in different biological processes.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors/metabolism ; Cell Hypoxia ; Feedback, Physiological ; Humans ; Hydroxylation ; Hypoxia/enzymology ; Hypoxia/metabolism ; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit/metabolism ; Mice ; Oxygen/metabolism ; Procollagen-Proline Dioxygenase/metabolism ; Protein Processing, Post-Translational ; Signal Transduction
    Chemical Substances Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors ; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit ; endothelial PAS domain-containing protein 1 ; Procollagen-Proline Dioxygenase (EC 1.14.11.2) ; Oxygen (S88TT14065)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2008-04
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ZDB-ID 1225672-9
    ISSN 1350-9047
    ISSN 1350-9047
    DOI 10.1038/cdd.2008.10
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: "Milk on Ice": A detailed analysis of Ernest Shackleton's century-old whole milk powder in comparison with modern counterparts.

    Bendall, Justin G / Chawanji, Abraham S / Fong, Bertram Y / Andrewes, Paul / Ma, Lin / MacGibbon, Alastair K H / Anema, Skelte G

    Journal of dairy science

    2023  Volume 107, Issue 3, Page(s) 1311–1333

    Abstract: Whole milk powder (WMP) manufactured in New Zealand in 1907 was sent to the Antarctic continent with the Shackleton-led British Antarctic Expedition from 1907 to 1909. This powder was stored at ambient conditions at Shackleton's Hut at Cape Royds, ... ...

    Abstract Whole milk powder (WMP) manufactured in New Zealand in 1907 was sent to the Antarctic continent with the Shackleton-led British Antarctic Expedition from 1907 to 1909. This powder was stored at ambient conditions at Shackleton's Hut at Cape Royds, Antarctica, for over 100 yr before a sample was collected on behalf of Fonterra by the Antarctic Heritage Trust. Having spent most of its existence both dried and in frozen storage, any deleterious reactions within the WMP would have been markedly retarded. The composition and some properties of the roller-dried Shackleton's WMP are reported along with those of 2 modern spray-dried New Zealand WMP. The Shackleton powder was less white and more yellow than the modern WMP and was composed of flakes rather than agglomerated particles, consistent with that expected of a roller-dried powder. Headspace analysis showed lipolytic and oxidative volatile compounds were present in the Shackleton WMP, indicting some deterioration of the milk either before powder manufacture or on storage of the finished product. On a moisture-free basis, the Shackleton WMP had higher protein, higher fat (with a markedly higher free fat level), higher ash, and a lower lactose level than the modern WMP. The lysine level was lower in the Shackleton WMP compared with the spray-dried powders, whereas the fatty acid composition was relatively similar. The sodium level was markedly higher in the Shackleton WMP compared with the spray-dried powder, which is probably due to the addition of an alkaline sodium salt to adjust the pH of the milk before roller drying. Lead, iron, and tin levels were markedly higher in the Shackleton WMP compared with the spray-dried powders, possibly due to the equipment used in powder manufacture and the tin-plated cases used for storage. The proteins in the Shackleton WMP were more lactosylated than in the spray-dried powders. The Shackleton WMP had a higher ratio of κ-casein A to B variants and a higher ratio of β-lactoglobulin B to A variants than the spray-dried powders, whereas the α
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Milk/chemistry ; Powders/chemistry ; Ice/analysis ; Tin/analysis ; Caseins/analysis ; Phospholipids/analysis ; Sodium/analysis
    Chemical Substances Powders ; Ice ; Tin (7440-31-5) ; Caseins ; Phospholipids ; Sodium (9NEZ333N27)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-12-19
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 242499-x
    ISSN 1525-3198 ; 0022-0302
    ISSN (online) 1525-3198
    ISSN 0022-0302
    DOI 10.3168/jds.2023-23893
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Nuclear membrane ruptures, cell death, and tissue damage in the setting of nuclear lamin deficiencies.

    Chen, Natalie Y / Kim, Paul H / Fong, Loren G / Young, Stephen G

    Nucleus (Austin, Tex.)

    2020  Volume 11, Issue 1, Page(s) 237–249

    Abstract: The nuclear membranes function as a barrier to separate the cell nucleus from the cytoplasm, but this barrier can be compromised by nuclear membrane ruptures, leading to intermixing of nuclear and cytoplasmic contents. Spontaneous nuclear membrane ... ...

    Abstract The nuclear membranes function as a barrier to separate the cell nucleus from the cytoplasm, but this barrier can be compromised by nuclear membrane ruptures, leading to intermixing of nuclear and cytoplasmic contents. Spontaneous nuclear membrane ruptures (
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Cell Movement/genetics ; Cerebral Cortex/metabolism ; Cerebral Cortex/pathology ; DNA Damage ; Lamin Type B/deficiency ; Lamin Type B/genetics ; Lamin Type B/metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Neurons/metabolism ; Neurons/pathology ; Nuclear Lamina/genetics ; Nuclear Lamina/metabolism ; Nuclear Lamina/pathology ; Polyneuropathies/genetics ; Polyneuropathies/metabolism ; Polyneuropathies/pathology
    Chemical Substances Lamin Type B
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-09-23
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review ; Video-Audio Media
    ZDB-ID 2619626-8
    ISSN 1949-1042 ; 1949-1042
    ISSN (online) 1949-1042
    ISSN 1949-1042
    DOI 10.1080/19491034.2020.1815410
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Imaging the ANGPTL3/8-mediated regulation of lipoprotein lipase in the heart.

    Yang, Ye / Jung, Hyesoo / Konrad, Robert J / Fong, Loren G / Young, Stephen G

    Journal of lipid research

    2023  Volume 64, Issue 12, Page(s) 100467

    MeSH term(s) Lipoprotein Lipase ; Angiopoietin-like Proteins ; Angiopoietin-Like Protein 3 ; Angiopoietins ; Triglycerides
    Chemical Substances Lipoprotein Lipase (EC 3.1.1.34) ; Angiopoietin-like Proteins ; Angiopoietin-Like Protein 3 ; Angiopoietins ; Triglycerides
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-10-28
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 80154-9
    ISSN 1539-7262 ; 0022-2275
    ISSN (online) 1539-7262
    ISSN 0022-2275
    DOI 10.1016/j.jlr.2023.100467
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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