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  1. Article ; Online: The theatre of depression: a role for physical therapy.

    Varela, Antonio J / Melvin, Ann

    Physiotherapy theory and practice

    2022  Volume 39, Issue 7, Page(s) 1325–1341

    Abstract: Introduction: The world's population is experiencing an increasing prevalence of depressive disorders. A comprehensive literature review identifies a schism between current medical interventions and the increasing prevalence. Current treatment paradigms ...

    Abstract Introduction: The world's population is experiencing an increasing prevalence of depressive disorders. A comprehensive literature review identifies a schism between current medical interventions and the increasing prevalence. Current treatment paradigms warrant analysis.
    Objective: This manuscript theorizes an interdisciplinary team inclusive of physiotherapy as a standard would reverse the increasing prevalence. Physiotherapists' musculoskeletal expertise and biopsychosocial approach play a valuable role in mental health.
    Methods: A clinical narrative review of depression, including parallels with chronic pain, is provided as a substantive foundation. The review includes challenges in primary care as the gateway to mental health. Depression's underlying mechanisms, standard interventions, current theories, and future paradigms are explored.
    Results: A theoretical construct was formulated. This construct identified compromised emotion-regulation and self-efficacy as common dysfunctions that enables and perpetuates depression. Physical activity with cognitive reappraisals positively influences these common dysfunctions and improves general intervention outcomes. The psychologically informed physiotherapist is defined. Physiotherapists can provide functional interventions and cognitive reappraisals that address biopsychosocial needs and build resilience.
    Conclusion: Individualized physical and functional activity that facilitate therapeutic alliance, functional improvements, cognitive reappraisals, emotion-regulation and self-efficacy delivered by a physiotherapist provide sustainable behavioral change and completes the interdisciplinary mental health team.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Depression/therapy ; Physical Therapy Modalities ; Chronic Pain/therapy ; Mental Health ; Self Efficacy ; Physical Therapists/psychology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-02-28
    Publishing country England
    Document type Review ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1045333-7
    ISSN 1532-5040 ; 0959-3985
    ISSN (online) 1532-5040
    ISSN 0959-3985
    DOI 10.1080/09593985.2022.2041136
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Laboratory Diagnosis of Sexually Transmitted Infections in Cases of Suspected Child Sexual Abuse.

    Qin, Xuan / Melvin, Ann J

    Journal of clinical microbiology

    2020  Volume 58, Issue 2

    Abstract: Laboratory diagnosis of microbial agents associated with sexually transmitted infections plays an important role in both the care of victims of child sexual abuse (CSA) and the investigation of suspected CSA incidents, with law enforcement implications. ... ...

    Abstract Laboratory diagnosis of microbial agents associated with sexually transmitted infections plays an important role in both the care of victims of child sexual abuse (CSA) and the investigation of suspected CSA incidents, with law enforcement implications. Rapid and sensitive test results prompt immediate actions to treat and protect the victimized children. The development and maturation of automated nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) has greatly improved the assay sensitivity and specificity, with only a 1- to 2-h turnaround time. Unfortunately, the performance characteristics of NAATs have been determined largely with a few limited specimen types and evaluated in adults only. This minireview attempts to cover the scope of infectious agents potentially implicated in CSA, specimen collection, laboratory test modalities, and laboratory report constraints, further complicated by infrequently collected specimen types from prepubertal children <13 years of age.
    MeSH term(s) Child ; Child Abuse, Sexual/diagnosis ; Child, Preschool ; Clinical Laboratory Techniques/methods ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques/methods ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Sexually Transmitted Diseases/diagnosis ; Specimen Handling/methods
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-01-28
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 390499-4
    ISSN 1098-660X ; 0095-1137
    ISSN (online) 1098-660X
    ISSN 0095-1137
    DOI 10.1128/JCM.01433-19
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: A novel formulation enabled transformation of 3-HIV drugs tenofovir-lamivudine-dolutegravir from short-acting to long-acting all-in-one injectable.

    Perazzolo, Simone / Stephen, Zachary R / Eguchi, Masa / Xu, Xiaolin / Delle Fratte, Rachele / Collier, Ann C / Melvin, Ann J / Ho, Rodney J Y

    AIDS (London, England)

    2023  Volume 37, Issue 14, Page(s) 2131–2136

    Abstract: Objective: To develop an injectable dosage form of the daily oral HIV drugs, tenofovir (T), lamivudine (L), and dolutegravir (D), creating a single, complete, all-in-one TLD 3-drug-combination that demonstrates long-acting pharmacokinetics.: Design: ... ...

    Abstract Objective: To develop an injectable dosage form of the daily oral HIV drugs, tenofovir (T), lamivudine (L), and dolutegravir (D), creating a single, complete, all-in-one TLD 3-drug-combination that demonstrates long-acting pharmacokinetics.
    Design: Using drug-combination-nanoparticle (DcNP) technology to stabilize multiple HIV drugs, the 3-HIV drugs TLD, with disparate physical-chemical properties, are stabilized and assembled with lipid-excipients to form TLD-in-DcNP . TLD-in-DcNP is verified to be stable and suitable for subcutaneous administration. To characterize the plasma time-courses and PBMC concentrations for all 3 drugs, single subcutaneous injections of TLD-in-DcNP were given to nonhuman primates (NHP, M. nemestrina ).
    Results: Following single-dose TLD-in-DcNP , all drugs exhibited long-acting profiles in NHP plasma with levels that persisted for 4 weeks above predicted viral-effective concentrations for TLD in combination. Times-to-peak were within 24 hr in all NHP for all drugs. Compared to a free-soluble TLD, TLD-in-DcNP provided exposure enhancement and extended duration 7.0-, 2.1-, and 20-fold as AUC boost and 10-, 8.3-, and 5.9-fold as half-life extension. Additionally, DcNP may provide more drug exposure in cells than plasma with PBMC-to-plasma drug ratios exceeding one, suggesting cell-targeted drug-combination delivery.
    Conclusions: This study confirms that TLD with disparate properties can be made stable by DcNP to enable TLD concentrations of 4 weeks in NHP. Study results highlighted the potential of TLD-in-DcNP as a convenient all-in-one, complete HIV long-acting product for clinical development.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Tenofovir ; Lamivudine/therapeutic use ; Pharmaceutical Preparations ; HIV Infections/drug therapy ; Leukocytes, Mononuclear ; Oxazines/therapeutic use ; Pyridones/therapeutic use ; Heterocyclic Compounds, 3-Ring ; Drug Combinations ; Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use
    Chemical Substances Tenofovir (99YXE507IL) ; Lamivudine (2T8Q726O95) ; dolutegravir (DKO1W9H7M1) ; Pharmaceutical Preparations ; 2,6-dichloro-4-nitrophenol (618-80-4) ; Oxazines ; Pyridones ; Heterocyclic Compounds, 3-Ring ; Drug Combinations ; Anti-HIV Agents
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-08-24
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 639076-6
    ISSN 1473-5571 ; 0269-9370 ; 1350-2840
    ISSN (online) 1473-5571
    ISSN 0269-9370 ; 1350-2840
    DOI 10.1097/QAD.0000000000003706
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: A Cross-Sectional Survey of Pediatric Infectious Disease Physicians' Approach to Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection.

    Hoki, Chieko / White, Michelle / Pesch, Megan H / Melvin, Ann J / Park, Albert H

    International journal of neonatal screening

    2023  Volume 9, Issue 2

    Abstract: Congenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV) continues to be a major public health care issue due to its high prevalence throughout the world. However, there is a paucity of studies evaluating how providers manage this infection. This study surveyed North American ... ...

    Abstract Congenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV) continues to be a major public health care issue due to its high prevalence throughout the world. However, there is a paucity of studies evaluating how providers manage this infection. This study surveyed North American Pediatric Infectious Disease (PID) physicians to elicit their approach towards the evaluation and treatment of this condition. Thirty-two PID physicians responded to this survey. Institutional testing and screening for cCMV were infrequently reported. The respondents in general agreed upon most laboratory and diagnostic testing except for neuroimaging. For those tests, there was a disparity in indications for head ultrasound versus brain MRI imaging. Most (68.8%) agreed with the clinical practice of starting valganciclovir in an infant less than 1 month of age with one sign or symptom of disease, and 62.5% would do so for an infant with isolated sensorineural hearing loss. However, only 28.1% would treat cCMV-infected infants older than 1 month of age. In conclusion, few healthcare institutions represented by PID physicians in this cohort had a cCMV screening or testing initiative, yet most respondents would test at a much higher level based on their clinical practice. While there is general consensus in evaluation and treatment of these children, there are disparities in practices regarding neuroimaging and indications for antiviral treatment with respect to age and severity of disease. There is a great need for an evidence based policy statement to standardize cCMV workup and treatment.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-03-24
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2409-515X
    ISSN (online) 2409-515X
    DOI 10.3390/ijns9020017
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: HIV Transmission Through Premastication.

    Nash, Sarah H / Rutledge, Molly / Frenkel, Lisa M / Melvin, Ann J / Laws, Peyton / Klejka, Joseph / Hirschfeld, Matthew

    Pediatrics

    2022  Volume 150, Issue 4

    Abstract: Premastication is a potential route of transmission of HIV from caregiver to child. We report the case of a 13-month-old Alaska Native child from rural Alaska who presented with failure to thrive, recurrent pneumonias, severe dental decay, and dysphagia. ...

    Abstract Premastication is a potential route of transmission of HIV from caregiver to child. We report the case of a 13-month-old Alaska Native child from rural Alaska who presented with failure to thrive, recurrent pneumonias, severe dental decay, and dysphagia. The mother was HIV-uninfected. Respiratory failure prompted transfer to a children's hospital outside of Alaska where the child received a diagnosis of HIV infection. A grandparent who had been acting as primary caregiver was discovered to be HIV-infected with detectable viral load resulting from intermittent nonadherence to her medication regimen. This grandparent reported feeding the child premasticated food. Sequencing of the hypervariable C2V5 region of the HIV envelope gene in both patients demonstrated less than 0.05% variation, consistent with transmission from grandparent to child. Health care providers should be aware that transmission of HIV can occur via premastication, educate parents and caregivers regarding this risk, and rigorously pursue HIV testing when indicated even in children with HIV-uninfected mothers.
    MeSH term(s) Caregivers ; Child ; Female ; Food ; HIV Infections/diagnosis ; HIV Infections/drug therapy ; Humans ; Infant ; Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical ; Mastication ; Mothers
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-09-02
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Case Reports ; Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 207677-9
    ISSN 1098-4275 ; 0031-4005
    ISSN (online) 1098-4275
    ISSN 0031-4005
    DOI 10.1542/peds.2021-055422
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Neonatal Herpes Simplex Virus Infection: Epidemiology and Outcomes in the Modern Era.

    Melvin, Ann J / Mohan, Kathleen M / Vora, Surabhi B / Selke, Stacy / Sullivan, Erin / Wald, Anna

    Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society

    2021  Volume 11, Issue 3, Page(s) 94–101

    Abstract: Background: Over the past several decades, there have been advances in diagnosis and treatment of neonatal herpes simplex virus (HSV) disease. There has been no recent comprehensive evaluation of the impact of these advances on the management and ... ...

    Abstract Background: Over the past several decades, there have been advances in diagnosis and treatment of neonatal herpes simplex virus (HSV) disease. There has been no recent comprehensive evaluation of the impact of these advances on the management and outcomes for neonates with HSV.
    Methods: Clinical data for initial presentation, treatment, and outcomes were abstracted from medical records of neonates with HSV treated at Seattle Children's Hospital between 1980 and 2016.
    Results: One hundred thirty infants with a diagnosis of neonatal HSV were identified. Between 1980 and 2016, high-dose acyclovir treatment for neonatal HSV infection increased from 0% to close to 95%, with subsequent decrease in overall HSV-related mortality from 20.9% to 5.6%. However, even among infants treated with high-dose acyclovir, mortality was 40.9% for infants with disseminated (DIS) disease, and only 55% of infants with central nervous system (CNS) disease were without obvious neurologic abnormalities at 24 months. Over the study period, the time between initial symptoms and diagnosis decreased. Skin recurrences were more common with HSV-2 than HSV-1 (80% vs 55%; P = .02) and in infants with lesions at initial diagnosis (76% vs 47%; P = .02).
    Conclusion: Changes in the standard of care for management of neonatal HSV disease have led to improvements in timeliness of diagnosis and outcome but mortality in infants with DIS disease and neurologic morbidity in infants with CNS disease remain high. Future research should focus on prevention of perinatal infection and subsequent recurrences.
    MeSH term(s) Acyclovir/therapeutic use ; Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use ; Child ; Female ; Herpes Simplex/diagnosis ; Herpes Simplex/drug therapy ; Herpes Simplex/epidemiology ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/diagnosis ; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/drug therapy ; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/epidemiology
    Chemical Substances Antiviral Agents ; Acyclovir (X4HES1O11F)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-12-10
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2668791-4
    ISSN 2048-7207 ; 2048-7193
    ISSN (online) 2048-7207
    ISSN 2048-7193
    DOI 10.1093/jpids/piab105
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  7. Article ; Online: Reporting Guideline for RULER: Rasch Reporting Guideline for Rehabilitation Research: Explanation and Elaboration.

    Van de Winckel, Ann / Kozlowski, Allan J / Johnston, Mark V / Weaver, Jennifer / Grampurohit, Namrata / Terhorst, Lauren / Juengst, Shannon / Ehrlich-Jones, Linda / Heinemann, Allen W / Melvin, John / Sood, Pallavi / Mallinson, Trudy

    Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation

    2022  Volume 103, Issue 7, Page(s) 1487–1498

    Abstract: ... org/10.1016/j.apmr.2022.03.013]. ...

    Abstract The Rasch Reporting Guideline for Rehabilitation Research (RULER) provides peer-reviewed, evidence-based, transparent, and consistent recommendations for reporting studies that apply Rasch Measurement (RM) Theory in a rehabilitation context. The purpose of the guideline is to ensure that authors, reviewers, and editors have uniform guidance about how to write and evaluate research on rehabilitation outcome assessments. The RULER statement includes an organizing framework and a checklist of 59 recommendations. This companion article supports the RULER statement by providing details about the framework, rationale for the domains and recommendations in the checklist and explaining why these considerations are important for improving consistency and transparency in reporting the results of RM studies. This article is not intended to describe how to conduct RM studies but provides rationale for the essential elements that authors should address in each domain. Consistency and transparency in reporting RM studies will advance rehabilitation research if authors consider these issues when planning their study and include the checklist when they submit their manuscript for peer review. A copy of the checklist can be found at [table 2 in https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2022.03.013].
    MeSH term(s) Checklist ; Humans ; Outcome Assessment, Health Care ; Peer Review, Research ; Rehabilitation Research
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-04-15
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 80057-0
    ISSN 1532-821X ; 0003-9993
    ISSN (online) 1532-821X
    ISSN 0003-9993
    DOI 10.1016/j.apmr.2022.03.019
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  8. Article ; Online: Rasch Reporting Guideline for Rehabilitation Research (RULER): the RULER Statement.

    Mallinson, Trudy / Kozlowski, Allan J / Johnston, Mark V / Weaver, Jennifer / Terhorst, Lauren / Grampurohit, Namrata / Juengst, Shannon / Ehrlich-Jones, Linda / Heinemann, Allen W / Melvin, John / Sood, Pallavi / Van de Winckel, Ann

    Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation

    2022  Volume 103, Issue 7, Page(s) 1477–1486

    Abstract: The application of Rasch Measurement (RM) Theory to rehabilitation assessments has proliferated in recent years. RM Theory helps design and refine assessments so that items reflect a unidimensional construct in an equal interval metric that distinguishes ...

    Abstract The application of Rasch Measurement (RM) Theory to rehabilitation assessments has proliferated in recent years. RM Theory helps design and refine assessments so that items reflect a unidimensional construct in an equal interval metric that distinguishes among persons of different abilities in a manner that is consistent with the underlying trait. Rapid growth of RM in rehabilitation assessment studies has led to inconsistent results reporting. Clear, consistent, transparent reporting of RM Theory results is important for advancing rehabilitation science and practice based on precise measures. Precise measures, in turn, provide researchers, practitioners, patients, and other stakeholders with tools for effective decision making. The goal of this Rasch Reporting Guideline for Rehabilitation Research (RULER: Rasch Reporting Guideline for Rehabilitation Research) is to provide peer-reviewed, evidence-based, transparent, and consistent recommendations for reporting studies that apply RM Theory in a rehabilitation context. The purpose of the guideline is to ensure that authors, reviewers, and editors have uniform expectations about how to write and evaluate research on rehabilitation outcome assessments. A task force of rehabilitation researchers, clinicians, and editors met regularly between November 2018 and August 2020 to identify the need for the guideline, develop an organizing framework, identify content areas, and develop the recommendations. This RULER: Rasch Reporting Guideline for Rehabilitation Research statement includes the organizing framework and a checklist of 59 recommendations. The guideline is supported by an Explanation and Elaboration article that provides more detail about the framework and recommendations in the checklist. A glossary of key terms and a recommended iterations table are provided in supplemental online only materials.
    MeSH term(s) Advisory Committees ; Checklist ; Humans ; Peer Review, Research ; Rehabilitation Research ; Research Design ; Research Report
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-04-12
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 80057-0
    ISSN 1532-821X ; 0003-9993
    ISSN (online) 1532-821X
    ISSN 0003-9993
    DOI 10.1016/j.apmr.2022.03.013
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  9. Article ; Online: Efficacy, Safety, and Tolerability of Doravirine/Lamivudine/Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate Fixed-Dose Combination Tablets in Adolescents Living With HIV: Results Through Week 96 from IMPAACT 2014.

    Rungmaitree, Supattra / Aurpibul, Linda / Best, Brookie M / Li, Xiang / Warshaw, Meredith G / Wan, Hong / Tobin, Nicole H / Jumes, Patricia / Leavitt, Randi / McCarthy, Katie / Scheckter, Rachel / Ounchanum, Pradthana / Violari, Avy / Teppler, Hedy / Campbell, Havilland / Krotje, Chelsea / Townley, Ellen / Moye, Jack / Melvin, Ann J

    Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society

    2023  Volume 12, Issue 12, Page(s) 602–609

    Abstract: Background: IMPAACT 2014 study is a phase I/II, multicenter, open-label, nonrandomized study of doravirine (DOR) co-formulated with lamivudine (3TC) and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) as fixed-dose combination (DOR FDC) in adolescents with HIV-1. ... ...

    Abstract Background: IMPAACT 2014 study is a phase I/II, multicenter, open-label, nonrandomized study of doravirine (DOR) co-formulated with lamivudine (3TC) and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) as fixed-dose combination (DOR FDC) in adolescents with HIV-1. We report the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of DOR FDC through 96 weeks.
    Methods: Participants were adolescents aged 12 to <18 years who weighed at least 45 kg and who were either antiretroviral (ARV)-naïve or virologically suppressed without documented resistance mutations to DOR/3TC/TDF. The efficacy endpoint was the proportion of participants with HIV-1 RNA <40 copies/mL assessed at weeks 48 and 96 using the observed failure approach. Safety and tolerability outcomes were incidence of adverse events (AEs) and treatment discontinuations.
    Results: A total of 45 adolescents, median age 15 (range, 12-17) years, 58% females, were enrolled and 2 (4.4%) participants were ARV naïve. Of the 45 participants, 42 (93.3%) completed the study and 41 (91.1%) completed the study treatment. At week 48, 41/42 (97.6%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 87.4-99.9) and week 96, 37/40 (92.5%; 95% CI, 79.6-98.4) participants had achieved or maintained HIV-1 RNA <40 copies/mL. There were no treatment-related discontinuations due to AEs and no drug-related AEs ≥grade 3 or deaths.
    Conclusions: We found once-daily dosing of DOR FDC to be safe and well tolerated for maintaining viral suppression through 96 weeks in adolescents living with HIV-1.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Anti-HIV Agents/adverse effects ; Anti-Retroviral Agents/therapeutic use ; HIV Infections/drug therapy ; HIV Seropositivity ; Lamivudine/adverse effects ; RNA/therapeutic use ; Tenofovir/adverse effects ; Treatment Outcome
    Chemical Substances Anti-HIV Agents ; Anti-Retroviral Agents ; doravirine (913P6LK81M) ; Lamivudine (2T8Q726O95) ; RNA (63231-63-0) ; Tenofovir (99YXE507IL)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-10-09
    Publishing country England
    Document type Clinical Trial, Phase I ; Clinical Trial, Phase II ; Journal Article ; Multicenter Study
    ZDB-ID 2668791-4
    ISSN 2048-7207 ; 2048-7193
    ISSN (online) 2048-7207
    ISSN 2048-7193
    DOI 10.1093/jpids/piad078
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Varicella-Associated Stroke.

    Vora, Surabhi B / Amlie-Lefond, Catherine / Perez, Francisco A / Melvin, Ann J

    The Journal of pediatrics

    2018  Volume 199, Page(s) 281–281.e1

    MeSH term(s) Chickenpox/complications ; Chickenpox/diagnosis ; Humans ; Infant ; Magnetic Resonance Angiography ; Male ; Stroke/diagnostic imaging ; Stroke/virology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-04-19
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Case Reports ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 3102-1
    ISSN 1097-6833 ; 0022-3476
    ISSN (online) 1097-6833
    ISSN 0022-3476
    DOI 10.1016/j.jpeds.2018.03.004
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