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Article ; Online: The acclimatization strategies of kidney vetch (Anthyllis vulneraria L.) to Pb toxicity.

Piwowarczyk, Barbara / Tokarz, Krzysztof / Muszyńska, Ewa / Makowski, Wojciech / Jędrzejczyk, Roman / Gajewski, Zbigniew / Hanus-Fajerska, Ewa

Environmental science and pollution research international

2018 Volume 25, Issue 20, Page(s) 19739–19752

Abstract: Kidney vetch (Anthyllis vulneraria L.) is a well-known Zn hyperaccumulator. Zn often occurs with Pb ...

Abstract	Kidney vetch (Anthyllis vulneraria L.) is a well-known Zn hyperaccumulator. Zn often occurs with Pb in one ore; thus, plants inhabiting waste dumps are exposed not only to Zn but also to Pb toxicity. While the response of kidney vetch to Zn toxicity is relatively well known, the Pb survival strategy of Anthyllis vulneraria has not been the subject of investigations. The aim of presented research was to determine the survival strategy of kidney vetch exposed to high lead concentrations. Shoot explants of a calamine kidney vetch ecotype were placed on agar media containing 0.0, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 mM Pb. Morphological, physiological, and biochemical responses, in particular photosynthetic apparatus of plantlets, were examined. The most pronounced changes were observed in plants grown on media supplemented with 1.5 mM Pb after 8 weeks of culture. Increased dry weight and high lead accumulation were observed in roots. Similarly, in shoots, increased dry weight and a decreased number of newly formed shoots were recorded. The accumulation of lead was many times lower in shoots than in roots. In leaf cells' ultra-structure, looser arrangement of chloroplast thylakoid grana was observed. Despite the decrease in chlorophyll a and carotenoid content, the photosynthetic apparatus remained efficient due to the lack of photoinhibition and increased electron transport rate beyond photosystem II (PSII). For the first time, an acclimatization mechanism based on maintaining the high efficiency of photosynthetic apparatus resulting from increasing of electron transport rate was described.
MeSH term(s)	Acclimatization ; Carotenoids/metabolism ; Chlorophyll/metabolism ; Chlorophyll A ; Lead/toxicity ; Lotus/physiology ; Photosynthesis ; Photosystem II Protein Complex ; Plant Leaves/metabolism ; Plant Roots/metabolism ; Vicia ; Waste Disposal Facilities ; Water Pollutants, Chemical/toxicity
Chemical Substances	Photosystem II Protein Complex ; Water Pollutants, Chemical ; Chlorophyll (1406-65-1) ; Lead (2P299V784P) ; Carotenoids (36-88-4) ; Chlorophyll A (YF5Q9EJC8Y)
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-05-07
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1178791-0
ISSN	1614-7499 ; 0944-1344
ISSN (online)	1614-7499
ISSN	0944-1344
DOI	10.1007/s11356-018-2197-6
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Article ; Online: Stem Photosynthesis—A Key Element of Grass Pea ( Lathyrus sativus L.) Acclimatisation to Salinity

Krzysztof M. Tokarz / Wojciech Wesołowski / Barbara Tokarz / Wojciech Makowski / Anna Wysocka / Roman J. Jędrzejczyk / Karolina Chrabaszcz / Kamilla Malek / Anna Kostecka-Gugała

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 22, Iss 2, p

2021 Volume 685

Abstract: ... The aim of the presented study was to describe the mechanism of grass pea ( Lathyrus sativus L ...

Abstract	Grass pea ( Lathyrus sativus ) is a leguminous plant of outstanding tolerance to abiotic stress. The aim of the presented study was to describe the mechanism of grass pea ( Lathyrus sativus L.) photosynthetic apparatus acclimatisation strategies to salinity stress. The seedlings were cultivated in a hydroponic system in media containing various concentrations of NaCl (0, 50, and 100 mM), imitating none, moderate, and severe salinity, respectively, for three weeks. In order to characterise the function and structure of the photosynthetic apparatus, Chl a fluorescence, gas exchange measurements, proteome analysis, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis were done inter alia. Significant differences in the response of the leaf and stem photosynthetic apparatus to severe salt stress were observed. Leaves became the place of harmful ion (Na + ) accumulation, and the efficiency of their carboxylation decreased sharply. In turn, in stems, the reconstruction of the photosynthetic apparatus (antenna and photosystem complexes) activated alternative electron transport pathways, leading to effective ATP synthesis, which is required for the efficient translocation of Na + to leaves. These changes enabled efficient stem carboxylation and made them the main source of assimilates. The observed changes indicate the high plasticity of grass pea photosynthetic apparatus, providing an effective mechanism of tolerance to salinity stress.
Keywords	Lathyrus sativus ; cyclic electron transport ; linear electron transport ; photosynthetic apparatus ; photosystem I ; photosystem II ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
Subject code	580
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article ; Online: What is the Difference between the Response of Grass Pea ( Lathyrus sativus L.) to Salinity and Drought Stress?—A Physiological Study

Barbara Tokarz / Tomasz Wójtowicz / Wojciech Makowski / Roman J. Jędrzejczyk / Krzysztof M. Tokarz

Agronomy, Vol 10, Iss 833, p

2020 Volume 833

Abstract: ... that the acclimatization of plants to salinity and drought follows the same mechanisms. Grass pea ( Lathyrus sativus L.) is ... of phenolic compounds, soluble and insoluble sugars, proline and β-N-oxalyl-L-α,β-diamino propionic acid, as well ...

Abstract	Understanding the mechanisms of plant tolerance to osmotic and chemical stress is fundamental to maintaining high crop productivity. Soil drought often occurs in combination with physiological drought, which causes chemical stress due to high concentrations of ions. Hence, it is often assumed that the acclimatization of plants to salinity and drought follows the same mechanisms. Grass pea ( Lathyrus sativus L.) is a legume plant with extraordinary tolerance to severe drought and moderate salinity. The aim of the presented study was to compare acclimatization strategies of grass pea seedlings to osmotic (PEG) and chemical (NaCl) stress on a physiological level. Concentrations of NaCl and PEG were adjusted to create an osmotic potential of a medium at the level of 0.0, −0.45 and −0.65 MPa. The seedlings on the media with PEG were much smaller than those growing in the presence of NaCl, but had a significantly higher content percentage of dry weight. Moreover, the stressors triggered different accumulation patterns of phenolic compounds, soluble and insoluble sugars, proline and β-N-oxalyl-L-α,β-diamino propionic acid, as well as peroxidase and catalase activity. Our results showed that drought stress induced a resistance mechanism consisting of growth rate limitation in favor of osmotic adjustment, while salinity stress induced primarily the mechanisms of efficient compartmentation of harmful ions in the roots and shoots. Furthermore, our results indicated that grass pea plants differed in their response to drought and salinity from the very beginning of stress occurrence.
Keywords	abiotic stress ; antioxidants ; grass pea ; NaCl ; ODAP ; osmotic potential ; Agriculture ; S
Subject code	580
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-06-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article: The acclimatization strategies of kidney vetch (Anthyllis vulneraria L.) to Pb toxicity

Piwowarczyk, Barbara / Tokarz, Krzysztof / Muszyńska, Ewa / Makowski, Wojciech / Jędrzejczyk, Roman / Gajewski, Zbigniew / Hanus-Fajerska, Ewa

Environmental science and pollution research international. 2018 July, v. 25, no. 20

2018

Abstract: Kidney vetch (Anthyllis vulneraria L.) is a well-known Zn hyperaccumulator. Zn often occurs with Pb ...

Abstract	Kidney vetch (Anthyllis vulneraria L.) is a well-known Zn hyperaccumulator. Zn often occurs with Pb in one ore; thus, plants inhabiting waste dumps are exposed not only to Zn but also to Pb toxicity. While the response of kidney vetch to Zn toxicity is relatively well known, the Pb survival strategy of Anthyllis vulneraria has not been the subject of investigations. The aim of presented research was to determine the survival strategy of kidney vetch exposed to high lead concentrations. Shoot explants of a calamine kidney vetch ecotype were placed on agar media containing 0.0, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 mM Pb. Morphological, physiological, and biochemical responses, in particular photosynthetic apparatus of plantlets, were examined. The most pronounced changes were observed in plants grown on media supplemented with 1.5 mM Pb after 8 weeks of culture. Increased dry weight and high lead accumulation were observed in roots. Similarly, in shoots, increased dry weight and a decreased number of newly formed shoots were recorded. The accumulation of lead was many times lower in shoots than in roots. In leaf cells’ ultra-structure, looser arrangement of chloroplast thylakoid grana was observed. Despite the decrease in chlorophyll a and carotenoid content, the photosynthetic apparatus remained efficient due to the lack of photoinhibition and increased electron transport rate beyond photosystem II (PSII). For the first time, an acclimatization mechanism based on maintaining the high efficiency of photosynthetic apparatus resulting from increasing of electron transport rate was described.
Keywords	Anthyllis vulneraria ; acclimation ; carotenoids ; chlorophyll ; ecotypes ; electron transfer ; explants ; grana ; hyperaccumulators ; landfills ; lead ; leaves ; photoinhibition ; photosystem II ; plantlets ; roots ; shoots ; smithsonite ; thylakoids ; toxicity ; ultrastructure ; zinc
Language	English
Dates of publication	2018-07
Size	p. 19739-19752.
Publishing place	Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	1178791-0
ISSN	1614-7499 ; 0944-1344
ISSN (online)	1614-7499
ISSN	0944-1344
DOI	10.1007/s11356-018-2197-6
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Can Ceylon Leadwort ( Plumbago zeylanica L.) Acclimate to Lead Toxicity?—Studies of Photosynthetic Apparatus Efficiency

Krzysztof M. Tokarz / Wojciech Makowski / Barbara Tokarz / Monika Hanula / Ewa Sitek / Ewa Muszyńska / Roman Jędrzejczyk / Rafał Banasiuk / Łukasz Chajec / Stanisław Mazur

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 21, Iss 5, p

2020 Volume 1866

Abstract: Ceylon leadwort ( Plumbago zeylanica ) is ornamental plant known for its pharmacological properties arising from the abundant production of various secondary metabolites. It often grows in lead polluted areas. The aim of presented study was to evaluate ... ...

Abstract	Ceylon leadwort ( Plumbago zeylanica ) is ornamental plant known for its pharmacological properties arising from the abundant production of various secondary metabolites. It often grows in lead polluted areas. The aim of presented study was to evaluate the survival strategy of P. zeylanica to lead toxicity via photosynthetic apparatus acclimatization. Shoots of P. zeylanica were cultivated on media with different Pb concentrations (0.0, 0.05, and 0.1 g Pb∙l −1 ). After a four-week culture, the efficiency of the photosynthetic apparatus of plants was evaluated by Chl a fluorescence measurement, photosynthetic pigment, and Lhcb1, PsbA, PsbO, and RuBisCo protein accumulation, antioxidant enzymes activity, and chloroplast ultrastructure observation. Plants from lower Pb concentration revealed no changes in photosynthetic pigments content and light-harvesting complex (LHCII) size, as well as no limitation on the donor side of Photosystem II Reaction Centre (PSII RC). However, the activity and content of antioxidant enzymes indicated a high risk of limitation on the acceptor side of Photosystem I. In turn, plants from 0.1 g Pb∙l −1 showed a significant decrease in pigments content, LHCII size, the amount of active PSII RC, oxygen-evolving complex activity, and significant remodeling of chloroplast ultrastructure indicated limitation of PSII RC donor side. Obtained results indicate that P. zeylanica plants acclimate to lead toxicity by Pb accumulation in roots and, depending on Pb concentration, by adjusting their photosynthetic apparatus via the activation of alternative (cyclic and pseudocyclic) electron transport pathways.
Keywords	alternative electron transport ; antioxidant enzymes ; chl fluorescence ; heavy metals ; photosynthesis ; secondary metabolites ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
Subject code	500 ; 580
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Purification and partial characterization of aminopeptidase from barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) seeds.

Oszywa, Bartosz / Makowski, Maciej / Pawełczak, Małgorzata

Plant physiology and biochemistry : PPB

2013 Volume 65, Page(s) 75–80

Abstract: ... as herbicides. Isolation and partial characterization of aminopeptidase from barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) seeds ...

Abstract	Aminopeptidases (EC 3.4.11) are proteolytic enzymes, which hydrolyze one amino acid from N-terminus of peptidic substrates. Inhibitors of plant aminopeptidases can find an application in agriculture as herbicides. Isolation and partial characterization of aminopeptidase from barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) seeds has been described. The enzyme was purified to molecular homogeneity using a six-step purification procedure (precipitation with (NH4)2SO4, followed by chromatography on Sephadex G-25, DEAE-Sepharose, Sephacryl HR 300, Macro-Prep Q and Phenyl-Sepharose HP columns). The enzyme was purified 365-fold with recovery above 18%. The molecular weight of the purified enzyme was determined by SDS-PAGE and gel filtration as 58 kDa, and was found to be a monomer. Its pH and temperature optima were 7.5 and 52 °C, respectively. The enzyme behaves as standard leucine aminopeptidase by preferring bulky amino acids at the N-terminus, with phenylalanine being of choice.
MeSH term(s)	Aminopeptidases/isolation & purification ; Aminopeptidases/metabolism ; Hordeum/enzymology ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Plant Proteins/isolation & purification ; Plant Proteins/metabolism ; Seeds/enzymology ; Temperature
Chemical Substances	Plant Proteins ; Aminopeptidases (EC 3.4.11.-)
Language	English
Publishing date	2013-02-08
Publishing country	France
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	742978-2
ISSN	1873-2690 ; 0981-9428
ISSN (online)	1873-2690
ISSN	0981-9428
DOI	10.1016/j.plaphy.2013.01.014
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Article: Response of grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.) photosynthetic apparatus to short-term intensive UV-A:red radiation

Tokarz, Krzysztof / Golemiec, Elżbieta / Makowski, Wojciech / Piwowarczyk, Barbara / Wójtowicz, Tomasz / Wysocka, Anna

Acta physiologiae plantarum. 2019 Oct., v. 41, no. 10

2019

Abstract: ... UV-A, radiation. Grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.) is a legume species resistant to harsh growing conditions ...

Abstract	Plants growing under natural conditions are constantly exposed to ultraviolet (UV), primarily UV-A, radiation. Grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.) is a legume species resistant to harsh growing conditions, such as drought, salinity or periodic flooding. Due to the advantageous composition of seeds, it is used for consumption in such regions as South Asia or East Africa where high intensity of UV radiation occurs. Absorption of this spectral range causes changes in the photosynthetic apparatus of plants, including damage to the photosystem II (PSII) reaction centres. The aim of the work was to examine whether the use of the combination UV-A: red light as a source of radiation would enable quick acclimatization of the photosynthetic apparatus of grass pea to the negative effect of UV-A radiation. 14-day-old plants were exposed to UV-A:red radiation for 48 h. The plants exposed to UV-A:red radiation showed enhanced effective efficiency of PSII and increased total electron carriers, which enabled more effective photosynthesis at higher values of radiation intensity in comparison with control plants, kept under white LED light. At the same time, there were no statistically significant differences in both the photosynthetic pigment contents and the level of lipid peroxidation. The obtained results indicate that the observed increase in the efficiency of CO2 carboxylation after short-term UV-A:red radiation has resulted from the efficient linear electron transport due to maintaining the effective oxygen evolving complex (OEC) and increased total electron carriers.
Keywords	absorption ; acclimation ; carbon dioxide ; carboxylation ; drought ; electron transfer ; Lathyrus sativus ; legumes ; lipid peroxidation ; oxygen evolving complex ; red light ; salinity ; seeds ; ultraviolet radiation ; Eastern Africa ; South Asia
Language	English
Dates of publication	2019-10
Size	p. 168.
Publishing place	Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	783102-x
ISSN	1861-1664 ; 0137-5881
ISSN (online)	1861-1664
ISSN	0137-5881
DOI	10.1007/s11738-019-2962-2
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Conformation of dehydropentapeptides containing four achiral amino acid residues - controlling the role of L-valine.

Jewgiński, Michał / Krzciuk-Gula, Joanna / Makowski, Maciej / Latajka, Rafał / Kafarski, Paweł

Beilstein journal of organic chemistry

2014 Volume 10, Page(s) 660–666

Abstract: ... residues (Δ(Z)Phe and ΔAla) and two glycines, as well as one chiral L-Val residue were performed using ... NMR spectroscopy. The key role of the L-Val residue in the generation of the secondary structure of peptides is ...

Abstract	Structural studies of pentapeptides containing an achiral block, built from two dehydroamino acid residues (Δ(Z)Phe and ΔAla) and two glycines, as well as one chiral L-Val residue were performed using NMR spectroscopy. The key role of the L-Val residue in the generation of the secondary structure of peptides is discussed. The obtained results suggest that the strongest influence on the conformation of peptides arises from a valine residue inserted at the C-terminal position. The most ordered conformation was found for peptide Boc-Gly-ΔAla-Gly-Δ(Z)Phe-Val-OMe (3), which adopts a right-handed helical conformation.
Language	English
Publishing date	2014-03-14
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2192461-2
ISSN	1860-5397
ISSN	1860-5397
DOI	10.3762/bjoc.10.58
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Article: Purification and partial characterization of aminopeptidase from barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) seeds

Oszywa, Bartosz / Makowski, Maciej / Pawełczak, Małgorzata

Plant physiology and biochemistry. 2013 Apr., v. 65

2013

Abstract: ... as herbicides. Isolation and partial characterization of aminopeptidase from barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) seeds ...

Abstract	Aminopeptidases (EC 3.4.11) are proteolytic enzymes, which hydrolyze one amino acid from N-terminus of peptidic substrates. Inhibitors of plant aminopeptidases can find an application in agriculture as herbicides. Isolation and partial characterization of aminopeptidase from barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) seeds has been described. The enzyme was purified to molecular homogeneity using a six-step purification procedure (precipitation with (NH₄)₂SO₄, followed by chromatography on Sephadex G-25, DEAE-Sepharose, Sephacryl HR 300, Macro-Prep Q and Phenyl-Sepharose HP columns). The enzyme was purified 365-fold with recovery above 18%. The molecular weight of the purified enzyme was determined by SDS-PAGE and gel filtration as 58 kDa, and was found to be a monomer. Its pH and temperature optima were 7.5 and 52 °C, respectively. The enzyme behaves as standard leucine aminopeptidase by preferring bulky amino acids at the N-terminus, with phenylalanine being of choice.
Keywords	Hordeum vulgare ; barley ; gel chromatography ; herbicides ; leucyl aminopeptidase ; molecular weight ; pH ; phenylalanine ; polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis ; proteolysis ; seeds ; temperature
Language	English
Dates of publication	2013-04
Size	p. 75-80.
Publishing place	Elsevier Masson SAS
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	742978-2
ISSN	1873-2690 ; 0981-9428
ISSN (online)	1873-2690
ISSN	0981-9428
DOI	10.1016/j.plaphy.2013.01.014
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: A simple way to overcome the recalcitrance of the water fern Ceratopteris thalictroides (L.) Brongn. to cryopreservation

Damian Makowski / Jan J. Rybczyński / Anna Mikuła

Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae, Vol 84, Iss 3, Pp 385-

2015 Volume 388

Abstract: Ceratopteris thalictroides is a water fern very sensitive to both dehydration and low temperature. This study focuses on the cryopreservation of this species by encapsulation-dehydration technique, in particular on the effects of pre-culture step, ... ...

Abstract	Ceratopteris thalictroides is a water fern very sensitive to both dehydration and low temperature. This study focuses on the cryopreservation of this species by encapsulation-dehydration technique, in particular on the effects of pre-culture step, alginate bead size and the physical conditions of culture on the cryopreservation efficiency. Encapsulated and non-pre-cultured gametophytes did not survive cooling with liquid nitrogen. When cryopreservation was preceded by a 2-week period of pre-culture, regrowth reached 42.1%. Reduction in the size of the alginate bead, and culture in total darkness resulted in improved gametophyte regrowth capacity (75.5% or 81.7%, respectively). The best results (91.3%) were obtained when all factors tested occurred simultaneously. The gametophytes recovered very quickly and sporophytes were formed within 4 weeks after rewarming. These simple improvements can be used, not only for the cryopreservation of gametophytes in cryptogams but also for some recalcitrant species of seed plants.
Keywords	abscisic acid ; alginate bead size ; encapsulation-dehydration ; darkness ; pre-culture ; regrowth ; Botany ; QK1-989 ; Science ; Q
Subject code	500
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-10-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Polish Botanical Society
Document type	Article ; Online
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