Article ; Online: Simvastatin mitigates diabetic nephropathy by upregulating farnesoid X receptor and Nrf2/HO-1 signaling and attenuating oxidative stress and inflammation in rats.
2024 Volume 340, Page(s) 122445
Abstract: Diabetic nephropathy is one of the complications of diabetes that affects the kidney and can result in renal failure. The cholesterol-lowering drug simvastatin (SIM) has shown promising effects against diabetic nephropathy (DN). This study evaluated the ... ...
Abstract | Diabetic nephropathy is one of the complications of diabetes that affects the kidney and can result in renal failure. The cholesterol-lowering drug simvastatin (SIM) has shown promising effects against diabetic nephropathy (DN). This study evaluated the protective role of SIM on DN, pointing to the involvement of farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and Nrf2/HO-1 signaling in attenuating inflammatory response, oxidative injury, and tissue damage in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. SIM was supplemented orally for 8 weeks, and samples were collected for analysis. SIM effectively ameliorated hyperglycemia, kidney hypertrophy, body weight loss, and tissue injury and fibrosis in diabetic animals. SIM mitigated oxidative stress (OS), inflammatory response, and cell death, as evidenced by the suppressed malondialdehyde, nitric oxide, myeloperoxidase, NF-kB, TNF-α, IL-1β, CD68, Bax, and caspase-3 in the diabetic kidney. These effects were linked to suppressed Keap1, upregulated FXR, Nrf2, and HO-1, and enhanced antioxidant defenses and Bcl-2. The in silico findings revealed the binding affinity of SIM with NF-kB, caspase-3, Keap1, HO-1, and FXR. In conclusion, SIM protects against DN by attenuating hyperglycemia, kidney injury, fibrosis, inflammation, and OS, and upregulating antioxidants, FXR, and Nrf2/HO-1 signaling. |
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MeSH term(s) | Rats ; Animals ; Diabetic Nephropathies/metabolism ; NF-E2-Related Factor 2/metabolism ; Kelch-Like ECH-Associated Protein 1/metabolism ; Caspase 3/metabolism ; NF-kappa B/metabolism ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/complications ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/drug therapy ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism ; Simvastatin/pharmacology ; Simvastatin/therapeutic use ; Kidney/metabolism ; Oxidative Stress ; Antioxidants/pharmacology ; Antioxidants/metabolism ; Inflammation/pathology ; Hyperglycemia/metabolism ; Fibrosis |
Chemical Substances | NF-E2-Related Factor 2 ; Kelch-Like ECH-Associated Protein 1 ; Caspase 3 (EC 3.4.22.-) ; NF-kappa B ; Simvastatin (AGG2FN16EV) ; Antioxidants |
Language | English |
Publishing date | 2024-01-24 |
Publishing country | Netherlands |
Document type | Journal Article |
ZDB-ID | 3378-9 |
ISSN | 1879-0631 ; 0024-3205 |
ISSN (online) | 1879-0631 |
ISSN | 0024-3205 |
DOI | 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122445 |
Database | MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE |
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