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  1. Article ; Online: Fueling the Failing Heart: The Key May Be Ketones.

    Chicco, Adam J

    JACC. Basic to translational science

    2024  Volume 9, Issue 1, Page(s) 16–17

    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-22
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Editorial
    ISSN 2452-302X
    ISSN (online) 2452-302X
    DOI 10.1016/j.jacbts.2023.09.012
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Role of Microtubule Network in the Passive Anisotropic Viscoelasticity of Healthy Right Ventricle.

    LeBar, Kristen / Liu, Wenqiang / Chicco, Adam J / Wang, Zhijie

    Journal of biomechanical engineering

    2024  Volume 146, Issue 7

    Abstract: Cardiomyocytes are viscoelastic and key determinants of right ventricle (RV) mechanics. Intracellularly, microtubules are found to impact the viscoelasticity of isolated cardiomyocytes or trabeculae; whether they contribute to the tissue-level ... ...

    Abstract Cardiomyocytes are viscoelastic and key determinants of right ventricle (RV) mechanics. Intracellularly, microtubules are found to impact the viscoelasticity of isolated cardiomyocytes or trabeculae; whether they contribute to the tissue-level viscoelasticity is unknown. Our goal was to reveal the role of the microtubule network in the passive anisotropic viscoelasticity of the healthy RV. Equibiaxial stress relaxation tests were conducted in healthy RV free wall (RVFW) under early (6%) and end (15%) diastolic strain levels, and at sub- and physiological stretch rates. The viscoelasticity was assessed at baseline and after the removal of microtubule network. Furthermore, a quasi-linear viscoelastic (QLV) model was applied to delineate the contribution of microtubules to the relaxation behavior of RVFW. After removing the microtubule network, RVFW elasticity and viscosity were reduced at the early diastolic strain level and in both directions. The reduction in elasticity was stronger in the longitudinal direction, whereas the degree of changes in viscosity were equivalent between directions. There was insignificant change in RVFW viscoelasticity at late diastolic strain level. Finally, the modeling showed that the tissue's relaxation strength was reduced by the removal of the microtubule network, but the change was present only at a later time scale. These new findings suggest a critical role of cytoskeleton filaments in RVFW passive mechanics in physiological conditions.
    MeSH term(s) Heart Ventricles ; Viscosity ; Heart ; Diastole ; Microtubules ; Elasticity ; Stress, Mechanical
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-08
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 243094-0
    ISSN 1528-8951 ; 0148-0731
    ISSN (online) 1528-8951
    ISSN 0148-0731
    DOI 10.1115/1.4064685
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Role of the microtubule network in the passive anisotropic viscoelasticity of right ventricle with pulmonary hypertension progression.

    LeBar, Kristen / Liu, Wenqiang / Pang, Jassia / Chicco, Adam J / Wang, Zhijie

    Acta biomaterialia

    2024  Volume 176, Page(s) 293–303

    Abstract: Cardiomyocytes are viscoelastic and contribute significantly to right ventricle (RV) mechanics. Microtubule, a cytoskeletal protein, has been shown to regulate cardiomyocyte viscoelasticity. Additionally, hypertrophied cardiomyocytes from failing ... ...

    Abstract Cardiomyocytes are viscoelastic and contribute significantly to right ventricle (RV) mechanics. Microtubule, a cytoskeletal protein, has been shown to regulate cardiomyocyte viscoelasticity. Additionally, hypertrophied cardiomyocytes from failing myocardium have increased microtubules and cell stiffness. How the microtubules contribute to the tissue-level viscoelastic behavior in RV failure remains unknown. Our aim was to investigate the role of the microtubules in the passive anisotropic viscoelasticity of the RV free wall (RVFW) during pulmonary hypertension (PH) progression. Equibiaxial stress relaxation tests were conducted in the RVFW from healthy and PH rats under early (6%) and end (15%) diastolic strains, and at sub- (1Hz) and physiological (5Hz) stretch-rates. The RVFW viscoelasticity was also measured before and after the depolymerization of microtubules at 5Hz. In intact tissues, PH increased RV viscosity and elasticity at both stretch rates and strain levels, and the increase was stronger in the circumferential than longitudinal direction. At 6% of strain, the removal of microtubules reduced elasticity, viscosity, and the ratio of viscosity to elasticity in both directions and for both healthy and diseased RVs. However, at 15% of strain, the effect of microtubules was different between groups - both viscosity and elasticity were reduced in healthy RVs, but in the diseased RVs only the circumferential viscosity and the ratio of viscosity to elasticity were reduced. These data suggest that, at a large strain with collagen recruitment, microtubules play more significant roles in healthy RV tissue elasticity and diseased RV tissue viscosity. Our findings suggest cardiomyocyte cytoskeletons are critical to RV passive viscoelasticity under pressure overload. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: This study investigated the impact of microtubules on the passive anisotropic viscoelasticity of the right ventricular (RV) free wall at healthy and pressure-overloaded states. We originally found that the microtubules contribute significantly to healthy and diseased RV viscoelasticity in both (longitudinal and circumferential) directions at early diastolic strains. At end diastolic strains (with the engagement of collagen fibers), microtubules contribute more to the tissue elasticity of healthy RVs and tissue viscosity of diseased RVs. Our findings reveal the critical role of microtubules in the anisotropic viscoelasticity of the RV tissue, and the altered contribution from healthy to diseased state suggests that therapies targeting microtubules may have potentials for RV failure patients.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Rats ; Animals ; Heart Ventricles ; Hypertension, Pulmonary/metabolism ; Hypertension, Pulmonary/therapy ; Viscosity ; Microtubules ; Heart Failure ; Myocytes, Cardiac ; Collagen/metabolism ; Elasticity
    Chemical Substances Collagen (9007-34-5)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-23
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2173841-5
    ISSN 1878-7568 ; 1742-7061
    ISSN (online) 1878-7568
    ISSN 1742-7061
    DOI 10.1016/j.actbio.2024.01.023
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  4. Article ; Online: Modeling ionizing radiation-induced cardiovascular dysfunction with human iPSC-derived engineered heart tissues.

    Cao, Xu / Thomas, Dilip / Whitcomb, Luke A / Wang, Mingqiang / Chatterjee, Anushree / Chicco, Adam J / Weil, Michael M / Wu, Joseph C

    Journal of molecular and cellular cardiology

    2024  Volume 188, Page(s) 105–107

    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells ; Myocytes, Cardiac ; Radiation, Ionizing ; Cell Differentiation
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-29
    Publishing country England
    Document type Letter ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 80157-4
    ISSN 1095-8584 ; 0022-2828
    ISSN (online) 1095-8584
    ISSN 0022-2828
    DOI 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2023.11.012
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  5. Article ; Online: Follicular metabolic alterations are associated with obesity in mares and can be mitigated by dietary supplementation.

    Catandi, Giovana D / Fresa, Kyle J / Cheng, Ming-Hao / Whitcomb, Luke A / Broeckling, Corey D / Chen, Thomas W / Chicco, Adam J / Carnevale, Elaine M

    Scientific reports

    2024  Volume 14, Issue 1, Page(s) 7571

    Abstract: Obesity is a growing concern in human and equine populations, predisposing to metabolic pathologies and reproductive disturbances. Cellular lipid accumulation and mitochondrial dysfunction play an important role in the pathologic consequences of obesity, ...

    Abstract Obesity is a growing concern in human and equine populations, predisposing to metabolic pathologies and reproductive disturbances. Cellular lipid accumulation and mitochondrial dysfunction play an important role in the pathologic consequences of obesity, which may be mitigated by dietary interventions targeting these processes. We hypothesized that obesity in the mare promotes follicular lipid accumulation and altered mitochondrial function of oocytes and granulosa cells, potentially contributing to impaired fertility in this population. We also predicted that these effects could be mitigated by dietary supplementation with a combination of targeted nutrients to improve follicular cell metabolism. Twenty mares were grouped as: Normal Weight [NW, n = 6, body condition score (BCS) 5.7 ± 0.3], Obese (OB, n = 7, BCS 7.7 ± 0.2), and Obese Diet Supplemented (OBD, n = 7, BCS 7.7 ± 0.2), and fed specific feed regimens for ≥ 6 weeks before sampling. Granulosa cells, follicular fluid, and cumulus-oocyte complexes were collected from follicles ≥ 35 mm during estrus and after induction of maturation. Obesity promoted several mitochondrial metabolic disturbances in granulosa cells, reduced L-carnitine availability in the follicle, promoted lipid accumulation in cumulus cells and oocytes, and increased basal oocyte metabolism. Diet supplementation of a complex nutrient mixture mitigated most of the metabolic changes in the follicles of obese mares, resulting in parameters similar to NW mares. In conclusion, obesity disturbs the equine ovarian follicle by promoting lipid accumulation and altering mitochondrial function. These effects may be partially mitigated with targeted nutritional intervention, thereby potentially improving fertility outcomes in the obese female.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Horses ; Animals ; Female ; Ovarian Follicle/metabolism ; Oocytes/metabolism ; Follicular Fluid ; Obesity/metabolism ; Lipids ; Dietary Supplements
    Chemical Substances Lipids
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-30
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2615211-3
    ISSN 2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
    ISSN (online) 2045-2322
    ISSN 2045-2322
    DOI 10.1038/s41598-024-58323-0
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Characterization of trophoblast mitochondrial function and responses to testosterone treatment in ACH-3P cells.

    Parsons, Agata M / Rajendran, Ranjitha Raja / Whitcomb, Luke A / Bouma, Gerrit J / Chicco, Adam J

    Placenta

    2023  Volume 137, Page(s) 70–77

    Abstract: Introduction: Trophoblast mitochondria play important roles in placental energy metabolism, physiology and pathophysiology. Hyperandrogenism has been associated with mitochondrial abnormalities in pregnancy disorders such as pre-eclampsia, gestational ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: Trophoblast mitochondria play important roles in placental energy metabolism, physiology and pathophysiology. Hyperandrogenism has been associated with mitochondrial abnormalities in pregnancy disorders such as pre-eclampsia, gestational diabetes, and intrauterine growth restriction, but the direct impacts of androgen exposure on placental mitochondrial function are unknown. Given the inherent limitations of studying the human placenta during pregnancy, trophoblast cell lines are routinely used to model placental biology in vitro. The aim of this study was to characterize mitochondrial respiratory function in four commonly used trophoblast cell lines to provide a basis for selecting one well-suited to investigating the impact of androgens on trophoblast mitochondrial function.
    Methods: Androgen receptor expression, mitochondrial respiration (JO
    Results: ACH-3P cells exhibited the greatest mitochondrial respiratory capacity and coupling efficiency of the four trophoblast lines tested, along with robust expression of androgen receptor protein that was found to co-localize with mitochondria by immunoblot and immunofluorescence. Acute testosterone administration (10 nM) tended to decrease ACH-3P mitochondrial JO
    Discussion: These studies establish ACH-3P as a suitable cell line for investigating trophoblast mitochondrial function, and provide foundational evidence supporting links between hyperandrogenism and placental mitochondrial ROS production with potential relevance to several common pregnancy disorders.
    MeSH term(s) Pregnancy ; Female ; Animals ; Sheep ; Humans ; Trophoblasts/metabolism ; Placenta/metabolism ; Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism ; Receptors, Androgen/metabolism ; Testosterone/pharmacology ; Testosterone/metabolism ; Hyperandrogenism/metabolism ; Mitochondria/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Reactive Oxygen Species ; Receptors, Androgen ; Testosterone (3XMK78S47O)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-04-13
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 603951-0
    ISSN 1532-3102 ; 0143-4004
    ISSN (online) 1532-3102
    ISSN 0143-4004
    DOI 10.1016/j.placenta.2023.04.011
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  7. Article ; Online: High-Repetition-Rate Transient Absorption Spectroscopy of Respiratory Supercomplexes.

    Wang, Erkang / Specht, Kalyn S / Chicco, Adam J / Wilson, Jesse W

    The journal of physical chemistry. B

    2022  Volume 126, Issue 7, Page(s) 1404–1412

    Abstract: Hemeproteins are frequent subjects for ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy (TAS) because of biological importance, strong UV-vis absorption, high photostability, and interesting transient dynamics that depend on redox, conformation, and ligand ... ...

    Abstract Hemeproteins are frequent subjects for ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy (TAS) because of biological importance, strong UV-vis absorption, high photostability, and interesting transient dynamics that depend on redox, conformation, and ligand binding. TAS on hemeproteins is usually performed on isolated, purified proteins, though their response is likely to be different in their native molecular environment, which involves the formation of protein complexes and supercomplexes. Recently, we reported a transient absorption microscopy (TAM) experiment which elicited a transient response from hemeproteins in intact biological tissue using a visible-wavelength pump (530 nm) and probe (490 nm). Here, we find that adaptive noise canceling plus resonant galvanometer scanning enables a high-repetition-rate fiber laser source to make redox-sensitive measurements of cytochrome
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Cytochromes c/chemistry ; Heme/chemistry ; Humans ; Mice ; Mitochondrial Membranes/metabolism ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Spectrum Analysis
    Chemical Substances Heme (42VZT0U6YR) ; Cytochromes c (9007-43-6)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-02-15
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ISSN 1520-5207
    ISSN (online) 1520-5207
    DOI 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c08714
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  8. Article ; Online: Voluntary Wheel Running Reduces Cardiometabolic Risks in Female Offspring Exposed to Lifelong High-Fat, High-Sucrose Diet.

    Gonzalez, Kassandra / Merlin, Andrea Chiñas / Roye, Erin / Ju, Beomsoo / Lee, Youngil / Chicco, Adam J / Chung, Eunhee

    Medicine and science in sports and exercise

    2024  

    Abstract: Purpose: Maternal and postnatal overnutrition has been linked to an increased risk of cardiometabolic diseases in offspring. This study investigated the impact of adult-onset voluntary wheel running to counteract cardiometabolic risks in female ... ...

    Abstract Purpose: Maternal and postnatal overnutrition has been linked to an increased risk of cardiometabolic diseases in offspring. This study investigated the impact of adult-onset voluntary wheel running to counteract cardiometabolic risks in female offspring exposed to a life-long high-fat, high-sucrose (HFHS) diet.
    Methods: Dams were fed either a HFHS or a low-fat, low-sucrose (LFLS) diet starting from 8 weeks prior to pregnancy and continuing throughout gestation and lactation. Offspring followed their mothers' diets. At 15 weeks of age, they were divided into sedentary (Sed) or voluntary wheel running (Ex) groups, resulting in four groups: LFLS/Sed (n = 10), LFLS/Ex (n = 5), HFHS/Sed (n = 6), HFHS/Ex (n = 5). Cardiac function was assessed at 25 weeks, with tissue collection at 26 weeks for mitochondrial respiratory function and protein analysis. Data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA.
    Results: While maternal HFHS diet did not affect the offspring's body weight at weaning, continuous HFHS feeding post-weaning resulted in increased body weight and adiposity, irrespective of the exercise regimen. HFHS/Sed offspring showed increased left ventricular wall thickness and elevated expression of enzymes involved in fatty acid transport (CD36, FABP3), lipogenesis (DGAT), glucose transport (GLUT4), oxidative stress (protein carbonyls, nitrotyrosine), and early senescence markers (p16, p21). Their cardiac mitochondria displayed lower oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) efficiency and reduced expression of OXPHOS complexes and fatty acid metabolism enzymes (ACSL5, CPT1B). However, HFHS/Ex offspring mitigated these effects, aligning more with LFLS/Sed offspring.
    Conclusions: Adult-onset voluntary wheel running effectively counteracts the detrimental cardiac effects of a lifelong HFHS diet, improving mitochondrial efficiency, reducing oxidative stress, and preventing early senescence. This underscores the significant role of physical activity in mitigating diet-induced cardiometabolic risks.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-08
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 603994-7
    ISSN 1530-0315 ; 0195-9131 ; 0025-7990
    ISSN (online) 1530-0315
    ISSN 0195-9131 ; 0025-7990
    DOI 10.1249/MSS.0000000000003443
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: L-carnitine enhances developmental potential of bovine oocytes matured under high lipid concentrations in vitro.

    Catandi, Giovana D / Cheng, Ming-Hao / Chicco, Adam J / Chen, Tom / Carnevale, Elaine M

    Animal reproduction science

    2023  Volume 252, Page(s) 107249

    Abstract: Maternal obesity elevates non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) follicular concentrations. Bovine cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) matured in vitro under high NEFA have altered metabolism and reduced quality. Systemically, obesity promotes altered ... ...

    Abstract Maternal obesity elevates non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) follicular concentrations. Bovine cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) matured in vitro under high NEFA have altered metabolism and reduced quality. Systemically, obesity promotes altered mitochondrial metabolism linked to L-carnitine insufficiency. We hypothesized that L-carnitine supplementation during IVM of bovine COCs in the presence of high NEFA would lessen the negative effects of exposure to excessive lipids on embryonic development and oxidative stress. COCs were collected from abattoir ovaries and matured in four groups: CON (control), LC (3 mM L-carnitine), HN (high NEFA: 200uM oleic, 150uM palmitic and 75uM stearic acid), and HNLC (HN and LC). Mature oocytes were assayed for aerobic and anaerobic metabolism utilizing oxygen and pH microsensors or fertilized in vitro (D0). Cleavage (D3) and blastocyst (D7, D8) rates were assessed. D3 embryos with ≥ 4 cells were stained for cytosolic and mitochondrial ROS. D8 blastocysts were assayed for gene transcript abundance of metabolic enzymes. Oocyte metabolism was not affected by IVM treatment. D3 formation of embryos with ≥ 4 cells were lower in LC or HN than CON or HNLC; blastocyst rates were greater for CON and lower for HN than LC and HNLC. D3 embryo mitochondrial and cytosolic ROS were reduced in HNLC when compared to other groups. IVM in HN altered blastocyst gene transcript abundance when compared to CON, but not LC or HNLC. In conclusion, supplementation with L-carnitine protects oocytes exposed to high NEFA during IVM and improves their developmental competence, suggesting that high lipid exposure may lead to L-carnitine insufficiency in bovine oocytes.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Cattle ; Female ; Pregnancy ; In Vitro Oocyte Maturation Techniques/veterinary ; Carnitine/pharmacology ; Carnitine/metabolism ; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified/pharmacology ; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified/metabolism ; Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism ; Oocytes ; Blastocyst ; Embryonic Development
    Chemical Substances Carnitine (S7UI8SM58A) ; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified ; Reactive Oxygen Species
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-04-25
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 429674-6
    ISSN 1873-2232 ; 0378-4320
    ISSN (online) 1873-2232
    ISSN 0378-4320
    DOI 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2023.107249
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  10. Article: Transient absorption spectroscopy and imaging of redox in muscle mitochondria.

    Wang, Erkang / Whitcomb, Luke A / Chicco, Adam J / Wilson, Jesse W

    Biomedical optics express

    2022  Volume 13, Issue 4, Page(s) 2103–2116

    Abstract: Mitochondrial redox is an important indicator of cell metabolism and health, with implications in cancer, diabetes, aging, neurodegenerative diseases, and mitochondrial disease. The most common method to observe redox of individual cells and mitochondria ...

    Abstract Mitochondrial redox is an important indicator of cell metabolism and health, with implications in cancer, diabetes, aging, neurodegenerative diseases, and mitochondrial disease. The most common method to observe redox of individual cells and mitochondria is through fluorescence of NADH and FAD+, endogenous cofactors serve as electron transport inputs to the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Yet this leaves out redox within the respiratory chain itself. To a degree, the missing information can be filled in by exogenous fluorophores, but at the risk of disturbed mitochondrial permeability and respiration. Here we show that variations in respiratory chain redox can be detected up by visible-wavelength transient absorption microscopy (TAM). In TAM, the selection of pump and probe wavelengths can provide multiphoton imaging contrast between non-fluorescent molecules. Here, we applied TAM with a pump at 520nm and probe at 450nm, 490nm, and 620nm to elicit redox contrast from mitochondrial respiratory chain hemeproteins. Experiments were performed with reduced and oxidized preparations of isolated mitochondria and whole muscle fibers, using mitochondrial fuels (malate, pyruvate, and succinate) to set up physiologically relevant oxidation levels. TAM images of muscle fibers were analyzed with multivariate curve resolution (MCR), revealing that the response at 620nm probe provides the best redox contrast and the most consistent response between whole cells and isolated mitochondria.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-03-16
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2572216-5
    ISSN 2156-7085
    ISSN 2156-7085
    DOI 10.1364/BOE.452559
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