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Article ; Online: Total amino acid level affects the results of standardized ileal digestibility assays for feed ingredients for swine.

Bloxham, Darlene J / Azain, Michael / Pesti, Gene M / Wu, Shu-Biao

Animal nutrition (Zhongguo xu mu shou yi xue hui)

2022 Volume 13, Page(s) 19–30

Abstract: It has been demonstrated that the fiber content of oilseed meals and total amino acids (AA) in distillers' grains products affects standardized ileal digestibility (SID) values from swine assays and that total protein concentration affects the AA ... ...

Abstract	It has been demonstrated that the fiber content of oilseed meals and total amino acids (AA) in distillers' grains products affects standardized ileal digestibility (SID) values from swine assays and that total protein concentration affects the AA digestibility in assays using chickens. This analysis was conducted to test the hypothesis that the total AA content of test samples affects the SID assay results. Databases containing total AA profiles and SID values of 20 feedstuffs commonly fed to pigs from 2 sources, AMINODat 5.0 (Evonik Industries, 2015) and the Nutrient Requirements of Swine, 12th edition (NRC, 2012) were used to compare AA concentration effects on standardized ileal digestibility coefficients. Databases were compared with AA and SID available in both data sets. The total AA values were similar for the 2 databases with an
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-10-27
Publishing country	China
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2405-6383
ISSN (online)	2405-6383
DOI	10.1016/j.aninu.2022.08.018
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Effects of multiple vitamin E levels and two fat sources in diets for swine fed to heavy slaughter weight of 150 kg: I. Growth performance, lean growth, organ size, carcass characteristics, primal cuts, and pork quality.

Wang, Ding / Jang, Young Dal / Kelley, Marlee / Rentfrow, Gregg K / Azain, Michael J / Lindemann, Merlin D

Translational animal science

2023 Volume 7, Issue 1, Page(s) txad086

Abstract: The study objective was to evaluate the effect of two fat source and graded levels of vitamin E ( ...

Abstract	The study objective was to evaluate the effect of two fat source and graded levels of vitamin E (
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-28
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2573-2102
ISSN (online)	2573-2102
DOI	10.1093/tas/txad086
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Effects of multiple vitamin E levels and two fat sources in diets for swine fed to heavy slaughter weight of 150 kg: II. Tissue fatty acid profile, vitamin E concentrations, immune capacity, and antioxidant capacity of plasma and tissue.

Wang, Ding / Jang, Young Dal / Kelley, Marlee / Rentfrow, Gregg K / Azain, Michael J / Lindemann, Merlin D

Translational animal science

2023 Volume 7, Issue 1, Page(s) txad087

Abstract: The study objective was to evaluate the effect of two fat sources and graded levels of vitamin E ( ...

Abstract	The study objective was to evaluate the effect of two fat sources and graded levels of vitamin E (
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-28
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2573-2102
ISSN (online)	2573-2102
DOI	10.1093/tas/txad087
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Prescription Opioid Exposure During Pregnancy and Risk of Spontaneous Preterm Delivery.

Bosworth, Olivia M / Padilla-Azain, Maria C / Adgent, Margaret A / Spieker, Andrew J / Wiese, Andrew David / Pham, Amelie / Leech, Ashley A / Grijalva, Carlos G / Osmundson, Sarah S

JAMA network open

2024 Volume 7, Issue 2, Page(s) e2355990

Abstract: Importance: Opioid exposure during pregnancy has been associated with preterm birth, but prior studies have not differentiated between spontaneous and indicated preterm birth or fully investigated these associations as functions of opioid dose.: ... ...

Abstract	Importance: Opioid exposure during pregnancy has been associated with preterm birth, but prior studies have not differentiated between spontaneous and indicated preterm birth or fully investigated these associations as functions of opioid dose. Objective: To determine whether prescription opioid use during pregnancy is associated with spontaneous preterm birth and whether the association is dose-dependent. Design, setting, and participants: This case-control study examined a retrospective cohort of pregnant patients enrolled in Tennessee Medicaid. Enrollment files were linked to health care encounters, hospital discharge information, birth certificate data, and prescription fills. Eligible participants were pregnant people ages 15 to 44 years without opioid use disorder who experienced birth of a single fetus at 24 weeks gestation or greater between 2007 and 2019 with linked birth certificate data. Cases of spontaneous preterm birth were matched with up to 10 controls based on pregnancy start date, race, ethnicity, age at delivery within 2 years, and history of prior preterm birth. Cases and matched controls were continuously enrolled in TennCare for at least 90 days prior to the index date (case delivery date). Exposure: Total opioid MME filled during the 60 days prior to the index date. Main outcomes and measures: The primary outcome was spontaneous preterm birth determined by a validated algorithm using birth certificate data. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate the association between spontaneous preterm birth and total opioid morphine milligram equivalents (MME) dispensed, adjusting for parity, prepregnancy body mass index, education level, tobacco use, hepatitis infections, and pain indications. Results: A total of 25 391 cases (median [IQR] age, 23 [20-28] years; 127 Asian [0.5%], 9820 Black [38.7%], 664 Hispanic [2.6%]; 14 748 non-Hispanic White [58.1%]) with spontaneous preterm birth were identified and matched with 225 696 controls (median [IQR] age, 23 [20-27] years; 229 Asian [0.1%], 89 819 Black [39.8%], 3590 Hispanic [1.6%]; 132 002 non-Hispanic White [58.5%]) (251 087 patients total), with 18 702 patients (7.4%) filling an opioid prescription in the 60 days prior to the index date. Each doubling of nonzero opioid MME was associated with a 4% increase in the odds of spontaneous preterm birth compared with no opioid exposure (adjusted odds ratio, 1.04; 95% CI, 1.01-1.08). Conclusions and relevance: In this case-control study, a positive association was found between total prescription opioid dose dispensed and the odds of spontaneous preterm birth. These findings support guidance to minimize opioid exposure during pregnancy and prescribe the lowest dose necessary.
MeSH term(s)	Infant, Newborn ; United States ; Female ; Pregnancy ; Humans ; Young Adult ; Adult ; Analgesics, Opioid/adverse effects ; Premature Birth/epidemiology ; Case-Control Studies ; Retrospective Studies ; Opioid-Related Disorders/epidemiology ; Endrin/analogs & derivatives
Chemical Substances	Analgesics, Opioid ; MME (78185-58-7) ; Endrin (OB9NVE7YCL)
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-05
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2574-3805
ISSN (online)	2574-3805
DOI	10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.55990
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Article: The Effects of Feeding Antibiotic on the Intestinal Microbiota of Weanling Pigs.

Lourenco, Jeferson M / Hampton, Rachel S / Johnson, Hannah M / Callaway, Todd R / Rothrock, Michael J / Azain, Michael J

Frontiers in veterinary science

2021 Volume 8, Page(s) 601394

Abstract: This study investigated the use of carbadox in the diet of nursery pigs. Ten pens of weanling piglets were assigned to 2 treatments: one containing carbadox and another without it. From days 21 to 35 of age, the first group of piglets was fed carbadox at ...

Abstract	This study investigated the use of carbadox in the diet of nursery pigs. Ten pens of weanling piglets were assigned to 2 treatments: one containing carbadox and another without it. From days 21 to 35 of age, the first group of piglets was fed carbadox at 55 mg/kg of diet; followed by 27.5 mg/kg from days 36 to 49; and 0 mg/kg from days 50 to 63. The second group of pigs was fed a control diet without carbadox from days 21 to 63 of age. On days 35, 49, and 63, fecal samples were collected directly from the rectum of 2 piglets in each pen, and the samples were subjected to microbial DNA sequencing and metagenomic functional analysis using the 16S rRNA gene. Feed conversion from days 21 to 63 was improved (
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-03-12
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2834243-4
ISSN	2297-1769
ISSN	2297-1769
DOI	10.3389/fvets.2021.601394
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Effect of wheat as a feedstuff in starter diets on nursery pig growth performance and digestibility

Bloxham, D. J. / Dove, C. R. / Azain, M.

Livestock science

2018 Volume 207, Issue -, Page(s) 98

Language	English
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2226176-X
ISSN	1871-1413
Database	Current Contents Nutrition, Environment, Agriculture

In stock of ZB MED Bonn / Germany

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Article: The effect of varying dietary manganese and selenium levels on the growth performance and manganese-superoxide dismutase activity in nursery pigs

Edmunds, C. E. / Seidel, D. S. / Welch, C. B. / Lee, E. A. / Azain, M. J. / Callaway, T. R. / Dove, C. R.

Livestock science

2022 Volume 265, Issue -, Page(s) 105100

Language	English
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2226176-X
ISSN	1871-1413
Database	Current Contents Nutrition, Environment, Agriculture

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Article: Effect of Supplemental Protease on Growth Performance and Excreta Microbiome of Broiler Chicks.

Lourenco, Jeferson M / Nunn, S Claire / Lee, Eliza J / Dove, C Robert / Callaway, Todd R / Azain, Michael J

Microorganisms

2020 Volume 8, Issue 4

Abstract: One-day-old chicks were assigned one of four dietary treatments in a 2 × 2 factorial design in which the main effects were diet (adequate vs. low protein) and the addition of protease (0 vs. 200 g/1000 kg of feed). Chick performance (days 0-14) was ... ...

Abstract	One-day-old chicks were assigned one of four dietary treatments in a 2 × 2 factorial design in which the main effects were diet (adequate vs. low protein) and the addition of protease (0 vs. 200 g/1000 kg of feed). Chick performance (days 0-14) was recorded and their excreta were analyzed for short chain fatty acids, ammonia, and composition of the microbiota using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Birds fed the low protein diet had lower body weight gain and poorer overall feed conversion ratio (FCR) (
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-03-27
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2720891-6
ISSN	2076-2607
ISSN	2076-2607
DOI	10.3390/microorganisms8040475
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Article: Role of fatty acids in adipocyte growth and development.

Azain, M J

Journal of animal science

2004 Volume 82, Issue 3, Page(s) 916–924

Abstract: Fat is typically added to diets as a source of energy. The alternative aspects considered here are the use of specific fats to alter the fatty acid profile of adipose tissue toward creation of value-added products and the potential for individual fatty ... ...

Abstract	Fat is typically added to diets as a source of energy. The alternative aspects considered here are the use of specific fats to alter the fatty acid profile of adipose tissue toward creation of value-added products and the potential for individual fatty acids to alter gene expression and control adipose tissue development. Emphasis is placed on the omega-3 fatty acids, such as those found in fish oil, and on CLA. The most common association of fatty acids with adipose tissue is related to their storage as triglycerides in mature adipocytes and the consequences of excess accumulation in obesity. Fatty acids and their derivatives also can have hormone-like effects and have been be shown to regulate gene expression in preadipocytes, which ultimately effects their proliferation and differentiation. Long-chain, saturated, and polyunsaturated fatty acids have been shown to regulate transcription factors, such as CCAAT/enhancer binding protein, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor, and other adipose-specific genes, very early in adipocyte development. These effects have the potential to affect fat cell number at maturity. Specifically, there is evidence that the fatty acids in fish oil, such as docosahexaenoic and eicosopentaenoic acids, and fatty acids in the CLA series, decrease preadipocyte proliferation in cell lines and reduce adiposity in rodents. There is little direct evidence of the ability of fatty acids to manipulate adipocyte development in non-rodent species. The genetic, nutritional, and pharmacological manipulation of adipose tissue in meat animals has long been of interest to animal scientists. An understanding of the ability of fatty acids to regulate factors such as adipocyte size and number, particularly in meat animals, would be of great interest. The evidence for regulatory roles of fatty acids in development from rodent and in vitro studies and their potential application to meat animals are reviewed.
MeSH term(s)	Adipocytes/chemistry ; Adipocytes/cytology ; Adipocytes/metabolism ; Adipose Tissue/cytology ; Adipose Tissue/growth & development ; Animals ; Cell Differentiation/physiology ; Cell Division/physiology ; Fatty Acids/administration & dosage ; Fatty Acids/physiology ; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated/administration & dosage ; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated/physiology ; Gene Expression Regulation
Chemical Substances	Fatty Acids ; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated
Language	English
Publishing date	2004-03
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	390959-1
ISSN	1525-3163 ; 0021-8812
ISSN (online)	1525-3163
ISSN	0021-8812
DOI	10.2527/2004.823916x
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: The Effects of Feeding Antibiotic on the Intestinal Microbiota of Weanling Pigs

Jeferson M. Lourenco / Rachel S. Hampton / Hannah M. Johnson / Todd R. Callaway / Michael J. Rothrock / Michael J. Azain

Frontiers in Veterinary Science, Vol

2021 Volume 8

Abstract	This study investigated the use of carbadox in the diet of nursery pigs. Ten pens of weanling piglets were assigned to 2 treatments: one containing carbadox and another without it. From days 21 to 35 of age, the first group of piglets was fed carbadox at 55 mg/kg of diet; followed by 27.5 mg/kg from days 36 to 49; and 0 mg/kg from days 50 to 63. The second group of pigs was fed a control diet without carbadox from days 21 to 63 of age. On days 35, 49, and 63, fecal samples were collected directly from the rectum of 2 piglets in each pen, and the samples were subjected to microbial DNA sequencing and metagenomic functional analysis using the 16S rRNA gene. Feed conversion from days 21 to 63 was improved (P = 0.04) in the group of piglets fed carbadox. Faith's phylogenetic diversity was similar (P = 0.89) for both groups of piglets on day 35, but it was diminished (P = 0.01) in the carbadox-fed group on day 49; however, following the complete removal of carbadox from their diets, this microbial diversity index was once again found to be similar (P = 0.27) in both groups on day 63. Likewise, abundances of Slackia, Peptococcus, Catenibacterium, Coprococcus, and Blautia were all similar between the two groups (P ≥ 0.40) on day 35, but were smaller in the carbadox group (P ≤ 0.05) on day 49; however, on day 63, abundances of all these genera were once again similar (P ≥ 0.29). Metabolic pathways involved in cellular growth, death, and genetic information processing (translation) were found to be similarly expressed in the microbiota of piglets from both groups on day 35 (P ≥ 0.52), but decreased in the carbadox group on day 49 (P ≤ 0.05), and were similar again in both groups on day 63 (P ≥ 0.51). These results revealed that feeding carbadox to piglets during the first 4 weeks after weaning significantly affected their fecal microbiotas; however, 2 weeks after the removal of carbadox, those changes tended to disappear, indicating that the shifts were carbadox-dependent.
Keywords	antibiotic ; bacteria ; carbadox ; feed efficiency ; metabolic pathways ; microbiome ; Veterinary medicine ; SF600-1100
Subject code	630
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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