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  1. Article ; Online: Challenges and Prospects in Developing Future SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines: Overcoming Original Antigenic Sin and Inducing Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies.

    Evans, John P / Liu, Shan-Lu

    Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)

    2023  Volume 211, Issue 10, Page(s) 1459–1467

    Abstract: The impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic led to the development of several effective SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. However, waning vaccine efficacy as well as the antigenic drift of SARS-CoV-2 variants has diminished vaccine efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 infection and ... ...

    Abstract The impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic led to the development of several effective SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. However, waning vaccine efficacy as well as the antigenic drift of SARS-CoV-2 variants has diminished vaccine efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 infection and may threaten public health. Increasing interest has been given to the development of a next generation of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines with increased breadth and effectiveness against SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this Brief Review, we discuss recent work on the development of these next-generation vaccines and on the nature of the immune response to SARS-CoV-2. We examine recent work to develop pan-coronavirus vaccines as well as to develop mucosal vaccines. We further discuss challenges associated with the development of novel vaccines including the need to overcome "original antigenic sin" and highlight areas requiring further investigation. We place this work in the context of SARS-CoV-2 evolution to inform how the implementation of future vaccine platforms may impact human health.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies ; COVID-19 ; Pandemics ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Antibodies, Viral ; Antibodies, Neutralizing
    Chemical Substances COVID-19 Vaccines ; Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies ; Antibodies, Viral ; Antibodies, Neutralizing
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-11-06
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Review ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 3056-9
    ISSN 1550-6606 ; 0022-1767 ; 1048-3233 ; 1047-7381
    ISSN (online) 1550-6606
    ISSN 0022-1767 ; 1048-3233 ; 1047-7381
    DOI 10.4049/jimmunol.2300315
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Arctic warming drives striking twenty-first century ecosystem shifts in Great Slave Lake (Subarctic Canada), North America's deepest lake.

    Rühland, Kathleen M / Evans, Marlene / Smol, John P

    Proceedings. Biological sciences

    2023  Volume 290, Issue 2007, Page(s) 20231252

    Abstract: Great Slave Lake (GSL), one of the world's largest and deepest lakes, has undergone an aquatic ecosystem transformation in response to twenty-first-century accelerated Arctic warming that is unparalleled in at least the past two centuries. Algal remains ... ...

    Abstract Great Slave Lake (GSL), one of the world's largest and deepest lakes, has undergone an aquatic ecosystem transformation in response to twenty-first-century accelerated Arctic warming that is unparalleled in at least the past two centuries. Algal remains from four high-resolution palaeolimnological records retrieved from the West Basin provide baseline limnological data that we compared with historical phycological surveys undertaken on GSL between the 1940s and 1990s. We document the rapid restructuring of algal community composition
    MeSH term(s) Ecosystem ; Lakes ; Food Chain ; Biota ; Canada ; Diatoms
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-09-20
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 209242-6
    ISSN 1471-2954 ; 0080-4649 ; 0962-8452 ; 0950-1193
    ISSN (online) 1471-2954
    ISSN 0080-4649 ; 0962-8452 ; 0950-1193
    DOI 10.1098/rspb.2023.1252
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Role of host factors in SARS-CoV-2 entry.

    Evans, John P / Liu, Shan-Lu

    The Journal of biological chemistry

    2021  Volume 297, Issue 1, Page(s) 100847

    Abstract: The zoonotic transmission of highly pathogenic coronaviruses into the human population is a pressing concern highlighted by the ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Recent work has helped to illuminate much about the mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 entry into the cell, ...

    Abstract The zoonotic transmission of highly pathogenic coronaviruses into the human population is a pressing concern highlighted by the ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Recent work has helped to illuminate much about the mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 entry into the cell, which determines host- and tissue-specific tropism, pathogenicity, and zoonotic transmission. Here we discuss current findings on the factors governing SARS-CoV-2 entry. We first reviewed key features of the viral spike protein (S) mediating fusion of the viral envelope and host cell membrane through binding to the SARS-CoV-2 receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2. We then examined the roles of host proteases including transmembrane protease serine 2 and cathepsins in processing S for virus entry and the impact of this processing on endosomal and plasma membrane virus entry routes. We further discussed recent work on several host cofactors that enhance SARS-CoV-2 entry including Neuropilin-1, CD147, phosphatidylserine receptors, heparan sulfate proteoglycans, sialic acids, and C-type lectins. Finally, we discussed two key host restriction factors, i.e., interferon-induced transmembrane proteins and lymphocyte antigen 6 complex locus E, which can disrupt SARS-CoV-2 entry. The features of SARS-CoV-2 are presented in the context of other human coronaviruses, highlighting unique aspects. In addition, we identify the gaps in understanding of SARS-CoV-2 entry that will need to be addressed by future studies.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Basigin/genetics ; Basigin/metabolism ; COVID-19/genetics ; COVID-19/metabolism ; COVID-19/virology ; Host-Pathogen Interactions ; Humans ; Lectins, C-Type/genetics ; Lectins, C-Type/metabolism ; Neuropilin-1/genetics ; Neuropilin-1/metabolism ; Receptors, Virus/genetics ; Receptors, Virus/metabolism ; SARS-CoV-2/genetics ; SARS-CoV-2/physiology ; Virus Internalization
    Chemical Substances Lectins, C-Type ; Receptors, Virus ; Basigin (136894-56-9) ; Neuropilin-1 (144713-63-3)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-05-28
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2997-x
    ISSN 1083-351X ; 0021-9258
    ISSN (online) 1083-351X
    ISSN 0021-9258
    DOI 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100847
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: A qualitative evaluation of stakeholder perspectives on sustainable financing strategies for 'priority' adolescent sexual and reproductive health interventions in Ghana.

    Otieku, Evans / Fenny, Ama P / Achala, Daniel M / Ataguba, John E

    BMC health services research

    2024  Volume 24, Issue 1, Page(s) 373

    Abstract: Background: Adolescent sexual and reproductive health (ASRH) interventions are underfunded in Ghana. We explored stakeholder perspectives on innovative and sustainable financing strategies for priority ASRH interventions in Ghana.: Methods: Using ... ...

    Abstract Background: Adolescent sexual and reproductive health (ASRH) interventions are underfunded in Ghana. We explored stakeholder perspectives on innovative and sustainable financing strategies for priority ASRH interventions in Ghana.
    Methods: Using qualitative design, we interviewed 36 key informants to evaluate sustainable financing sources for ASRH interventions in Ghana. Thematic content analysis of primary data was performed. Study reporting followed the consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research.
    Results: Proposed conventional financing strategies included tax-based, need-based, policy-based, and implementation-based approaches. Unconventional financing strategies recommended involved getting religious groups to support ASRH interventions as done to mobilize resources for the Ghana COVID-19 Trust Fund during the global pandemic. Other recommendations included leveraging existing opportunities like fundraising through annual adolescent and youth sporting activities to support ASRH interventions. Nonetheless, some participants believed financial, material, and non-material resources must complement each other to sustain funding for priority ASRH interventions.
    Conclusion: There are various sustainable financing strategies to close the funding gap for ASRH interventions in Ghana, but judicious management of financial, material, and non-material resources is needed to sustain priority ASRH interventions in Ghana.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Adolescent ; Reproductive Health ; Ghana ; Sexual Behavior ; Adolescent Health ; Reproductive Health Services
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-26
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2050434-2
    ISSN 1472-6963 ; 1472-6963
    ISSN (online) 1472-6963
    ISSN 1472-6963
    DOI 10.1186/s12913-024-10743-4
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Rubisco deactivation and chloroplast electron transport rates co-limit photosynthesis above optimal leaf temperature in terrestrial plants.

    Scafaro, Andrew P / Posch, Bradley C / Evans, John R / Farquhar, Graham D / Atkin, Owen K

    Nature communications

    2023  Volume 14, Issue 1, Page(s) 2820

    Abstract: Net photosynthetic ... ...

    Abstract Net photosynthetic CO
    MeSH term(s) Electron Transport/physiology ; Temperature ; Ribulose-Bisphosphate Carboxylase/metabolism ; Carbon Dioxide ; Photosynthesis/physiology ; Plants/metabolism ; Chloroplasts/metabolism ; Plant Leaves/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Ribulose-Bisphosphate Carboxylase (EC 4.1.1.39) ; Carbon Dioxide (142M471B3J)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-05-17
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2553671-0
    ISSN 2041-1723 ; 2041-1723
    ISSN (online) 2041-1723
    ISSN 2041-1723
    DOI 10.1038/s41467-023-38496-4
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: A pilot study using unique targeted testing of the urogenital microbiome has potential as a predictive test during IVF for implantation outcome.

    Evans, Gloria E / Mahajan, Vishakha / Wakeman, Sarah / Slatter, Tania / Ponnampalam, Anna P / Anderson, Trevor P / Sarwar, Makhdoom / Evans, John J

    Archives of gynecology and obstetrics

    2023  Volume 307, Issue 6, Page(s) 1957–1967

    Abstract: Purpose: This pilot study aimed to develop a methodology characterising the urogenital microbiome as a predictive test in the IVF workup.: Methods: Using unique custom qPCRs, we tested for the presence of specific microbial species from vaginal ... ...

    Abstract Purpose: This pilot study aimed to develop a methodology characterising the urogenital microbiome as a predictive test in the IVF workup.
    Methods: Using unique custom qPCRs, we tested for the presence of specific microbial species from vaginal samples and First Catch Urines from the male. The test panel included a range of potential urogenital pathogens, STIs, 'favourable bacteria' (Lactobacillus spp.) and 'unfavourable bacteria' (anaerobes) reported to influence implantation rates. We tested couples attending Fertility Associates, Christchurch, New Zealand for their first round of IVF.
    Results: We found that some microbial species affected implantation. The qPCR result was interpreted qualitatively using the Z proportionality test. Samples from women at the time of Embryo Transfer who did not achieve implantation had significantly higher percent of samples that were positive for Prevotella bivia and Staphylococcus aureus compared to women who did achieve implantation.
    Discussion: The results provide evidence that most other microbial species chosen for testing had little functional effect on implantation rates. The addition of further microbial targets (yet to be determined) could be combined in this predictive test for vaginal preparedness on the day of embryo transfer. This methodology has a substantial advantage of being affordable and easily performed in any routine molecular laboratory. This methodology is most suitable as a foundation on which to develop a timely test of microbiome profiling. Using the indicators detected to have a significant influence, these results can be extrapolated.
    Conclusion: Using a rapid antigen test, a woman can self-sample prior to embryo transfer and obtain an indication of microbial species present which could influence implantation outcome.
    MeSH term(s) Female ; Humans ; Male ; Pregnancy ; Embryo Implantation ; Fertilization in Vitro/methods ; Microbiota ; Pilot Projects ; Pregnancy Rate ; Vagina/microbiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-03-11
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 896455-5
    ISSN 1432-0711 ; 0932-0067
    ISSN (online) 1432-0711
    ISSN 0932-0067
    DOI 10.1007/s00404-023-06987-w
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Fracture healing-orthobiologics: from basic science to clinical application.

    Johnson, Joey P / Ahn, Jaimo / Dirschl, Douglas R / Wixted, John J / Evans, Andrew R

    OTA international : the open access journal of orthopaedic trauma

    2023  Volume 6, Issue 2 Suppl, Page(s) e262

    Abstract: Orthopaedics as a field and a profession is fundamentally concerned with the treatment of musculoskeletal disease, in all of its many forms. Our collective understanding of the cellular mechanisms underlying musculoskeletal pathology resulting from ... ...

    Abstract Orthopaedics as a field and a profession is fundamentally concerned with the treatment of musculoskeletal disease, in all of its many forms. Our collective understanding of the cellular mechanisms underlying musculoskeletal pathology resulting from injury continues to evolve, opening novel opportunities to develop orthobiologic treatments to improve care. It is a long path to move from an understanding of cellular pathology to development of successful clinical treatment, and this article proposes to discuss some of the challenges to achieving translational therapies in orthopaedics. The article will focus on challenges that clinicians will likely face in seeking to bring promising treatments forward to clinical practice and strategies for improving success in translational efforts.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-05-04
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ISSN 2574-2167
    ISSN (online) 2574-2167
    DOI 10.1097/OI9.0000000000000262
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Serum Levels of Interleukins in Endometriosis Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

    Werdel, Ryan / Mabie, April / Evans, Taylor L / Coté, Remington D / Schlundt, Andrew / Doehrman, Pooja / Dilsaver, Danielle / Coté, John J

    Journal of minimally invasive gynecology

    2024  

    Abstract: ... p <.001), 1.38 (95% CI 0.58-2.17, p <.001), and 1.77 (95% CI 1.33-2.20, p <.001) standard deviations ... levels 0.40 (95% CI -0.73 to -0.07, p = .02) standard deviations lower, respectively.: Conclusion ...

    Abstract Objective: The aims of this systematic review and meta-analysis were to produce a comprehensive survey of the serum levels of interleukins (ILs) in untreated people with endometriosis compared with people without endometriosis.
    Data sources: A systematic literature search of English language studies within Cinahl, Medline Complete, PubMed, and Scopus from inception to May 2023 was performed.
    Methods of study selection: We included studies that compared IL serum levels in people with endometriosis to those without endometriosis. Meta-analysis was performed on IL-1RA, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, IL-17A, IL-18, IL-23, and IL-37.
    Tabulation, integration, and results: The systematic search retrieved 651 studies, of which 77 underwent a full-text review. A total of 30 studies met inclusion criteria for the meta-analysis. IL-1Ra, IL-6, and IL-37 serum levels were 2.56 (95% CI 2.20-2.92, p <.001), 1.38 (95% CI 0.58-2.17, p <.001), and 1.77 (95% CI 1.33-2.20, p <.001) standard deviations higher in the patients with endometriosis compared with patients without endometriosis while IL-23 serum levels 0.40 (95% CI -0.73 to -0.07, p = .02) standard deviations lower, respectively.
    Conclusion: There is mounting evidence that ILs, especially IL-6, may be good candidates for unique noninvasive diagnostic tools and/or treatment pathways for endometriosis.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-29
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2186934-0
    ISSN 1553-4669 ; 1553-4650
    ISSN (online) 1553-4669
    ISSN 1553-4650
    DOI 10.1016/j.jmig.2024.02.011
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: A comparison of myopia control in European children and adolescents with defocus incorporated multiple segments (DIMS) spectacles, atropine, and combined DIMS/atropine.

    Nucci, Paolo / Lembo, Andrea / Schiavetti, Irene / Shah, Rakhee / Edgar, David Francis / Evans, Bruce John William

    PloS one

    2023  Volume 18, Issue 2, Page(s) e0281816

    Abstract: ... with the control group (p<0.016). For AL, whilst controlling for baseline age and AL, at 6 and 12 months all treatment ... groups had significantly less progression than the control group (p<0.005). For SER only, in pairwise ... only and Atropine only groups (p<0.001).: Conclusion: In a European population, DIMS and atropine ...

    Abstract Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of a myopia control spectacle lens (DIMS) at slowing the progression of myopia in a population of European children in comparison with 0.01% atropine and combined DIMS and atropine.
    Methods: The study was a non-randomised experimenter-masked prospective controlled observational study of individuals aged 6-18 years with progressing myopia but no ocular pathology. Participants were allocated, according to patient/parent choice, to receive 0.01% atropine eyedrops, DIMS (Hoya® MiyoSmart®) spectacles, combined atropine+DIMS or single vision spectacle lenses (control group). The key outcome variables, cycloplegic autorefraction spherical equivalent refraction (SER) and axial length (AL), were measured at baseline and after three, six, and 12 months.
    Results: Of the 146 participants (mean age 10.3y ±3.2), 53 received atropine, 30 DIMS spectacles, 31 atropine+DIMS, and 32 single vision control spectacles. Generalized linear mixed model analysis revealed for SER, whilst controlling for age and SER at baseline, at each stage all treatment groups had significantly reduced progression compared with the control group (p<0.016). For AL, whilst controlling for baseline age and AL, at 6 and 12 months all treatment groups had significantly less progression than the control group (p<0.005). For SER only, in pairwise comparisons at 12 months the atropine+DIMS group had significantly reduced progression compared with the DIMS only and Atropine only groups (p<0.001).
    Conclusion: In a European population, DIMS and atropine are effective at reducing myopia progression and axial elongation in progressing myopia and are most successful at reducing myopia progression when used in combination.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Child ; Adolescent ; Atropine/therapeutic use ; Eyeglasses ; Prospective Studies ; Myopia/epidemiology ; Myopia/prevention & control ; Refraction, Ocular ; Disease Progression
    Chemical Substances Atropine (7C0697DR9I)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-02-16
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Controlled Clinical Trial ; Observational Study ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2267670-3
    ISSN 1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
    ISSN (online) 1932-6203
    ISSN 1932-6203
    DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0281816
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Multifaceted Roles of TIM-Family Proteins in Virus-Host Interactions.

    Evans, John P / Liu, Shan-Lu

    Trends in microbiology

    2019  Volume 28, Issue 3, Page(s) 224–235

    Abstract: To enhance infection, enveloped viruses exploit adhesion molecules expressed on the surface of host cells. Specifically, phosphatidylserine (PS) receptors - including members of the human T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain (TIM)-family - have gained ... ...

    Abstract To enhance infection, enveloped viruses exploit adhesion molecules expressed on the surface of host cells. Specifically, phosphatidylserine (PS) receptors - including members of the human T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain (TIM)-family - have gained attention for their ability to mediate the entry of many enveloped viruses. However, recent evidence that TIM-1 can restrict viral release reveals a new role for these PS receptors. Additionally, viral factors such as the HIV-1 accessory protein Nef can antagonize this antiviral activity of TIM-1 while host restriction factors such as SERINC5 can enhance it. In this review, we examine the various roles of PS receptors, specifically TIM-family proteins, and the intricate relationship between host and viral factors. Elucidating the multifunctional roles of PS receptors in virus-host interaction is important for understanding viral pathogenesis and developing novel antiviral therapeutics.
    MeSH term(s) HIV Infections/pathology ; HIV-1/physiology ; Hepatitis A Virus Cellular Receptor 1/metabolism ; Host-Pathogen Interactions/physiology ; Humans ; Membrane Proteins/metabolism ; Receptors, Virus/metabolism ; Virus Release/physiology ; nef Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus/metabolism
    Chemical Substances HAVCR1 protein, human ; Hepatitis A Virus Cellular Receptor 1 ; Membrane Proteins ; Receptors, Virus ; SERINC5 protein, human ; nef Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-11-12
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ZDB-ID 1158963-2
    ISSN 1878-4380 ; 0966-842X
    ISSN (online) 1878-4380
    ISSN 0966-842X
    DOI 10.1016/j.tim.2019.10.004
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