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Article ; Online: SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR profile in 298 Indian COVID-19 patients: a retrospective observational study.

Bhattacharya, Bisakh / Kumar, Rohit / Meena, Ved Prakash / Soneja, Manish / Singh, Amit / Das, Rojaleen / Xess, Ashit / Arif, Nazneen / Vig, Saurabh / Rastogi, Vandana / Tiwari, Pavan / Bhatnagar, Sushma / Mohan, Anant / Wig, Naveet / Dar, Lalit

Pathogens and disease

2020 Volume 79, Issue 1

Abstract: Background: despite being in the 5th month of pandemic, knowledge with respect to viral dynamics, infectivity and RT-PCR positivity continues to evolve.: Aim: to analyse the SARS CoV-2 nucleic acid RT-PCR profiles in COVID-19 patients.: Design: it ...

Abstract	Background: despite being in the 5th month of pandemic, knowledge with respect to viral dynamics, infectivity and RT-PCR positivity continues to evolve. Aim: to analyse the SARS CoV-2 nucleic acid RT-PCR profiles in COVID-19 patients. Design: it was a retrospective, observational study conducted at COVID facilities under AIIMS, New Delhi. Methods: patients admitted with laboratory confirmed COVID-19 were eligible for enrolment. Patients with incomplete details, or only single PCR tests were excluded. Data regarding demographic details, comorbidities, treatment received and results of SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR performed on nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs, collected at different time points, was retrieved from the hospital records. Results: a total of 298 patients were included, majority were males (75·8%) with mean age of 39·07 years (0·6-88 years). The mean duration from symptom onset to first positive RT-PCR was 4·7 days (SD 3·67), while that of symptom onset to last positive test was 17·83 days (SD 6·22). Proportions of positive RT-PCR tests were 100%, 49%, 24%, 8·7% and 20·6% in the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th and >4 weeks of illness. A total of 12 symptomatic patients had prolonged positive test results even after 3 weeks of symptom onset. Age > = 60 years was associated with prolonged RT-PCR positivity (statistically significant). Conclusion: this study showed that the average period of PCR positivity is more than 2 weeks in COVID-19 patients; elderly patients have prolonged duration of RT-PCR positivity and requires further follow up.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Asymptomatic Diseases ; COVID-19/diagnosis ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; COVID-19/pathology ; COVID-19/virology ; COVID-19 Nucleic Acid Testing/methods ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Comorbidity ; Diabetes Mellitus/diagnosis ; Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiology ; Diabetes Mellitus/pathology ; Diabetes Mellitus/virology ; Humans ; Hypertension/diagnosis ; Hypertension/epidemiology ; Hypertension/pathology ; Hypertension/virology ; India/epidemiology ; Infant ; Infectious Disease Incubation Period ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nasopharynx/virology ; Oropharynx/virology ; RNA, Viral/genetics ; Retrospective Studies ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; SARS-CoV-2/genetics ; SARS-CoV-2/pathogenicity ; Severity of Illness Index
Chemical Substances	RNA, Viral
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-10-14
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Observational Study ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ISSN	2049-632X
ISSN (online)	2049-632X
DOI	10.1093/femspd/ftaa064
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Article: Rapid chromatographic immunoassay-based evaluation of COVID-19: A cross-sectional, diagnostic test accuracy study & its implications for COVID-19 management in India.

Gupta, Ankesh / Khurana, Surbhi / Das, Rojaleen / Srigyan, Deepankar / Singh, Amit / Mittal, Ankit / Singh, Parul / Soneja, Manish / Kumar, Arvind / Singh, Akhil Kant / Soni, Kapil Dev / Meena, Suneeta / Aggarwal, Richa / Sharad, Neha / Aggarwal, Anivita / Kadnur, Harshith / George, Netto / Singh, Komal / Desai, Devashish /

Trilangi, Praveen / Khan, Adil Rashid / Kiro, Vandana V / Naik, Shivdas / Arunan, Bharthi / Goel, Shivam / Patidar, Diksha / Lathwal, Amit / Dar, Lalit / Trikha, Anjan / Pandey, Ravindra Mohan / Malhotra, Rajesh / Guleria, Randeep / Mathur, Purva / Wig, Naveet

The Indian journal of medical research

2021 Volume 153, Issue 1 & 2, Page(s) 126–131

Abstract: Background & objectives: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has so far affected over 41 million people globally. The limited supply of real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) kits and reagents has made meeting the rising ... ...

Abstract	Background & objectives: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has so far affected over 41 million people globally. The limited supply of real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) kits and reagents has made meeting the rising demand for increased testing incompetent, worldwide. A highly sensitive and specific antigen-based rapid diagnostic test (RDT) is the need of the hour. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of a rapid chromatographic immunoassay-based test (index test) compared with a clinical reference standard (rRT-PCR). Methods: A cross-sectional, single-blinded study was conducted at a tertiary care teaching hospital in north India. Paired samples were taken for RDT and rRT-PCR (reference standard) from consecutive participants screened for COVID-19 to calculate the sensitivity and specificity of the RDT. Further subgroup analysis was done based on the duration of illness and cycle threshold values. Cohen's kappa coefficient was used to measure the level of agreement between the two tests. Results: Of the 330 participants, 77 were rRT-PCR positive for SARS-CoV-2. Sixty four of these patients also tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 by RDT. The overall sensitivity and specificity were 81.8 and 99.6 per cent, respectively. The sensitivity of RDT was higher (85.9%) in participants with a duration of illness ≤5 days. Interpretation & conclusions: With an excellent specificity and moderate sensitivity, this RDT may be used to rule in COVID-19 in patients with a duration of illness ≤5 days. Large-scale testing based on this RDT across the country would result in quick detection, isolation and treatment of COVID-19 patients.
MeSH term(s)	COVID-19/diagnosis ; COVID-19 Testing ; Chromatography ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Humans ; Immunoassay ; India ; Sensitivity and Specificity
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-04-09
Publishing country	India
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	390883-5
ISSN	0971-5916 ; 0019-5340
ISSN	0971-5916 ; 0019-5340
DOI	10.4103/ijmr.IJMR_3305_20
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Article ; Online: Rapid chromatographic immunoassay-based evaluation of COVID-19

Ankesh Gupta / Surbhi Khurana / Rojaleen Das / Deepankar Srigyan / Amit Singh / Ankit Mittal / Parul Singh / Manish Soneja / Arvind Kumar / Akhil Kant Singh / Kapil Dev Soni / Suneeta Meena / Richa Aggarwal / Neha Sharad / Anivita Aggarwal / Harshith Kadnur / Netto George / Komal Singh / Devashish Desai /

Praveen Trilangi / Adil Rashid Khan / Vandana V Kiro / Shivdas Naik / Bharthi Arunan / Shivam Goel / Diksha Patidar / Amit Lathwal / Lalit Dar / Anjan Trikha / Ravindra Mohan Pandey / Rajesh Malhotra / Randeep Guleria / Purva Mathur / Naveet Wig

Indian Journal of Medical Research, Vol 153, Iss 1, Pp 126-

A cross-sectional, diagnostic test accuracy study & its implications for COVID-19 management in India

2021 Volume 131

Abstract	Background & objectives: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has so far affected over 41 million people globally. The limited supply of real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) kits and reagents has made meeting the rising demand for increased testing incompetent, worldwide. A highly sensitive and specific antigen-based rapid diagnostic test (RDT) is the need of the hour. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of a rapid chromatographic immunoassay-based test (index test) compared with a clinical reference standard (rRT-PCR). Methods: A cross-sectional, single-blinded study was conducted at a tertiary care teaching hospital in north India. Paired samples were taken for RDT and rRT-PCR (reference standard) from consecutive participants screened for COVID-19 to calculate the sensitivity and specificity of the RDT. Further subgroup analysis was done based on the duration of illness and cycle threshold values. Cohen's kappa coefficient was used to measure the level of agreement between the two tests. Results: Of the 330 participants, 77 were rRT-PCR positive for SARS-CoV-2. Sixty four of these patients also tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 by RDT. The overall sensitivity and specificity were 81.8 and 99.6 per cent, respectively. The sensitivity of RDT was higher (85.9%) in participants with a duration of illness ≤5 days. Interpretation & conclusions: With an excellent specificity and moderate sensitivity, this RDT may be used to rule in COVID-19 in patients with a duration of illness ≤5 days. Large-scale testing based on this RDT across the country would result in quick detection, isolation and treatment of COVID-19 patients.
Keywords	antigen test - covid-19 - point-of-care test - sars-cov-2 ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	150
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR profile in 298 Indian COVID-19 patients: a retrospective observational study

Pathog. Dis

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Despite being in the 5th month of pandemic, knowledge with respect to viral dynamics, infectivity and RT-PCR positivity continues to evolve. AIM: To analyse the SARS CoV-2 nucleic acid RT-PCR profiles in COVID-19 patients. DESIGN: It was a ... ...

Abstract	BACKGROUND: Despite being in the 5th month of pandemic, knowledge with respect to viral dynamics, infectivity and RT-PCR positivity continues to evolve. AIM: To analyse the SARS CoV-2 nucleic acid RT-PCR profiles in COVID-19 patients. DESIGN: It was a retrospective, observational study conducted at COVID facilities under AIIMS, New Delhi. METHODS: Patients admitted with laboratory confirmed COVID-19 were eligible for enrolment. Patients with incomplete details, or only single PCR tests were excluded. Data regarding demographic details, comorbidities, treatment received and results of SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR performed on nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs, collected at different time points, was retrieved from the hospital records. RESULTS: 298 patients were included, majority were males (75·8%) with mean age of 39·07 years (0·6-88 years). The mean duration from symptom onset to first positive RT-PCR was 4·7 days (SD 3·67), while that of symptom onset to last positive test was 17·83 days (SD 6·22). Proportions of positive RT-PCR tests were 100%, 49%, 24%, 8·7% and 20·6% in the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th & >4 weeks of illness. 12 symptomatic patients had prolonged positive test results even after 3 weeks of symptom onset. Age > = 60 years was associated with prolonged RT-PCR positivity (statistically significant). CONCLUSION: This study showed that the average period of PCR positivity is more than 2 weeks in COVID-19 patients; elderly patients have prolonged duration of RT-PCR positivity and requires further follow up.
Keywords	covid19
Publisher	WHO
Document type	Article
Note	WHO #Covidence: #857624
Database	COVID19

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Article ; Online: SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR profile in 298 Indian COVID-19 patients

Pathogens and Disease ; ISSN 2049-632X

a retrospective observational study

2020

Abstract: Abstract Background Despite being in the 5th month of pandemic, knowledge with respect to viral dynamics, infectivity and RT-PCR positivity continues to evolve. Aim To analyse the SARS CoV-2 nucleic acid RT-PCR profiles in COVID-19 patients. Design It ... ...

Abstract	Abstract Background Despite being in the 5th month of pandemic, knowledge with respect to viral dynamics, infectivity and RT-PCR positivity continues to evolve. Aim To analyse the SARS CoV-2 nucleic acid RT-PCR profiles in COVID-19 patients. Design It was a retrospective, observational study conducted at COVID facilities under AIIMS, New Delhi. Methods Patients admitted with laboratory confirmed COVID-19 were eligible for enrolment. Patients with incomplete details, or only single PCR tests were excluded. Data regarding demographic details, comorbidities, treatment received and results of SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR performed on nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs, collected at different time points, was retrieved from the hospital records. Results 298 patients were included, majority were males (75·8%) with mean age of 39·07 years (0·6–88 years). The mean duration from symptom onset to first positive RT-PCR was 4·7 days (SD 3·67), while that of symptom onset to last positive test was 17·83 days (SD 6·22). Proportions of positive RT-PCR tests were 100%, 49%, 24%, 8·7% and 20·6% in the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th & >4 weeks of illness. 12 symptomatic patients had prolonged positive test results even after 3 weeks of symptom onset. Age > = 60 years was associated with prolonged RT-PCR positivity (statistically significant). Conclusion This study showed that the average period of PCR positivity is more than 2 weeks in COVID-19 patients; elderly patients have prolonged duration of RT-PCR positivity and requires further follow up.
Keywords	Immunology and Allergy ; Microbiology (medical) ; General Immunology and Microbiology ; Infectious Diseases ; General Medicine ; covid19
Language	English
Publisher	Oxford University Press (OUP)
Publishing country	uk
Document type	Article ; Online
DOI	10.1093/femspd/ftaa064
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Article ; Online: Risk factors for Coronavirus disease-associated mucormycosis.

Arora, Umang / Priyadarshi, Megha / Katiyar, Varidh / Soneja, Manish / Garg, Prerna / Gupta, Ishan / Bharadiya, Vishwesh / Berry, Parul / Ghosh, Tamoghna / Patel, Lajjaben / Sarda, Radhika / Garg, Shreya / Agarwal, Shubham / Arora, Veronica / Ramprasad, Aishwarya / Kumar, Amit / Garg, Rohit Kumar / Kodan, Parul / Nischal, Neeraj /

Singh, Gagandeep / Jorwal, Pankaj / Kumar, Arvind / Baitha, Upendra / Meena, Ved Prakash / Ray, Animesh / Sethi, Prayas / Xess, Immaculata / Vikram, Naval / Sinha, Sanjeev / Biswas, Ashutosh / Thakar, Alok / Bhatnagar, Sushma / Trikha, Anjan / Wig, Naveet

The Journal of infection

2021 Volume 84, Issue 3, Page(s) 383–390

Abstract: Background: The epidemiology of the Coronavirus-disease associated mucormycosis (CAM) syndemic is poorly elucidated. We aimed to identify risk factors that may explain the burden of cases and help develop preventive strategies.: Methods: We performed ...

Abstract	Background: The epidemiology of the Coronavirus-disease associated mucormycosis (CAM) syndemic is poorly elucidated. We aimed to identify risk factors that may explain the burden of cases and help develop preventive strategies. Methods: We performed a case-control study comparing cases diagnosed with CAM and taking controls as recovered COVID 19 patients who did not develop mucormycosis. Information on comorbidities, glycemic control, and practices related to COVID-19 prevention and treatment was recorded. Multivariate regression analysis was used to identify independent predictors. Results: A total of 352 patients (152 cases and 200 controls) diagnosed with COVID-19 during April-May 2021 were included. In the CAM group, symptoms of mucormycosis began a mean of 18.9 (SD 9.1) days after onset of COVID-19, and predominantly rhino-sinus and orbital involvement was present. All, but one, CAM cases had conventional risk factors of diabetes and steroid use. On multivariable regression, increased odds of CAM were associated with the presence of diabetes (adjusted OR 3.5, 95% CI 1.1-11), use of systemic steroids (aOR 7.7, 95% CI 2.4-24.7), prolonged use of cloth and surgical masks (vs. no mask, aOR 6.9, 95%CI 1.5-33.1), and repeated nasopharyngeal swab testing during the COVID-19 illness (aOR 1.6, 95% CI 1.2-2.2). Zinc therapy was found to be protective (aOR 0.05, 95%CI 0.01-0.19). Notably, the requirement of oxygen supplementation or hospitalization did not affect the risk of CAM. Conclusion: Judicious use of steroids and stringent glycemic control are vital to preventing mucormycosis. Use of clean masks, preference for N95 masks if available, and minimizing swab testing after the diagnosis of COVID-19 may further reduce the incidence of CAM.
MeSH term(s)	COVID-19 ; Case-Control Studies ; Humans ; Mucormycosis/epidemiology ; Risk Factors ; SARS-CoV-2
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-12-30
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	424417-5
ISSN	1532-2742 ; 0163-4453
ISSN (online)	1532-2742
ISSN	0163-4453
DOI	10.1016/j.jinf.2021.12.039
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Article ; Online: Rapid chromatographic immunoassay-based evaluation of COVID-19

Mathur, Purva / Gupta, Ankesh / Khurana, Surbhi / Das, Rojaleen / Srigyan, Deepankar / Singh, Amit / Mittal, Ankit / Singh, Parul / Soneja, Manish / Kumar, Arvind / Singh, AkhilKant / Soni, KapilDev / Meena, Suneeta / Aggarwal, Richa / Sharad, Neha / Aggarwal, Anivita / Kadnur, Harshith / George, Netto / Singh, Komal /

Desai, Devashish / Trilangi, Praveen / Khan, AdilRashid / Kiro, VandanaV / Naik, Shivdas / Arunan, Bharthi / Goel, Shivam / Patidar, Diksha / Lathwal, Amit / Dar, Lalit / Trikha, Anjan / Pandey, RavindraMohan / Malhotra, Rajesh / Guleria, Randeep / Wig, Naveet

Indian Journal of Medical Research

A cross-sectional, diagnostic test accuracy study & its implications for COVID-19 management in India

2020

Keywords	General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ; General Medicine ; covid19
Language	English
Publisher	Medknow
Publishing country	in
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	390883-5
ISSN	0019-5340 ; 0971-5916
ISSN	0019-5340 ; 0971-5916
DOI	10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_3305_20
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Role of nitric oxide, nitroxidative and oxidative stress in wound healing.

Soneja, Amit / Drews, Magdalena / Malinski, Tadeusz

Pharmacological reports : PR

2006 Volume 57 Suppl, Page(s) 108–119

Abstract: Redox-regulated processes are relevant to wound healing. A balance between bioavailable nitric oxide (NO) concentration and a level of oxidative and nitroxidative stress in wounds may be crucial in wound repair. The highly beneficial effect of ... ...

Abstract	Redox-regulated processes are relevant to wound healing. A balance between bioavailable nitric oxide (NO) concentration and a level of oxidative and nitroxidative stress in wounds may be crucial in wound repair. The highly beneficial effect of bioavailable NO is attributed to scavenging of superoxide, which is the main component of oxidative stress. Also, the high level of NO can influence angiogenesis and endothelial/skeletal muscle cell remodeling and proliferation. However, under conditions of excessive and prolonged production of O(2)(-) in wounds, the supplementation of NO can be evolved in significant increase in nitroxidative stress due to production of peroxynitrite (ONOO(-)) and peroxynitrous acid (ONOOH). ONOOH can trigger a cascade of events leading to the generation of highly reactive and damaging radicals and oxidative species. These species (mainly CO(3)(.-), NO(2)(+), NO(2), N(2)O(3), OH(.)) can impose significant damage in biological milieu and impair the process of wound healing. Therefore, a general strategy for an acceleration of the wound healing process may include an intervention(s) leading to the decrease in oxidative stress (treatment with antioxidants and/or prevention of O(2)(-) generation by uncoupled constitutive nitric oxide synthase, cNOS) and delivery of NO (treatment with NO donors, cNOS gene therapy). Here we briefly review the role of NO, and focus on O(2)(-) and ONOOH (major components of oxidative and nitroxidative stress respectively) in the normal and impaired process of wound healing.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Cell Proliferation ; Endothelial Cells/metabolism ; Humans ; Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism ; Neovascularization, Physiologic/physiology ; Nitric Oxide/metabolism ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Oxidative Stress ; Superoxides/metabolism ; Wound Healing/physiology
Chemical Substances	Superoxides (11062-77-4) ; Nitric Oxide (31C4KY9ESH)
Language	English
Publishing date	2006-01-18
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
ZDB-ID	2186248-5
ISSN	1734-1140
ISSN	1734-1140
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Article: Rapid chromatographic immunoassay-based evaluation of COVID-19: A cross-sectional, diagnostic test accuracy study & its implications for COVID-19 management in India

Indian journal of medical research

Abstract: Background & objectives: : Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has so far affected over 41 million people globally. The limited supply of real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) kits and reagents has made meeting the rising ... ...

Abstract	Background & objectives: : Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has so far affected over 41 million people globally. The limited supply of real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) kits and reagents has made meeting the rising demand for increased testing incompetent, worldwide. A highly sensitive and specific antigen-based rapid diagnostic test (RDT) is the need of the hour. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of a rapid chromatographic immunoassay-based test (index test) compared with a clinical reference standard (rRT-PCR). Methods: : A cross-sectional, single-blinded study was conducted at a tertiary care teaching hospital in north India. Paired samples were taken for RDT and rRT-PCR (reference standard) from consecutive participants screened for COVID-19 to calculate the sensitivity and specificity of the RDT. Further subgroup analysis was done based on the duration of illness and cycle threshold values. Cohen's kappa coefficient was used to measure the level of agreement between the two tests. Results: : Of the 330 participants, 77 were rRT-PCR positive for SARS-CoV-2. Sixty four of these patients also tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 by RDT. The overall sensitivity and specificity were 81.8 and 99.6 per cent, respectively. The sensitivity of RDT was higher (85.9%) in participants with a duration of illness ≤5 days. Interpretation & conclusions: : With an excellent specificity and moderate sensitivity, this RDT may be used to rule in COVID-19 in patients with a duration of illness ≤5 days. Large-scale testing based on this RDT across the country would result in quick detection, isolation and treatment of COVID-19 patients.
Keywords	covid19
Publisher	WHO
Document type	Article
Note	WHO #Covidence: #910272
Database	COVID19

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Article ; Online: Novel risk factors for Coronavirus disease-associated mucormycosis (CAM): a case control study during the outbreak in India

Singh, Gagandeep / Jorwal, Pankaj / Kumar, Arvind / Baitha, Upendra / Meena, Ved Prakash / Ray, Animesh / Sethi, Prayas / Xess, Immaculata / Vikram, Naval Kishore / Sinha, Sanjeev / Biswas, Ashutosh / Thakar, Alok / Bhatnagar, Sushma / Trikha, Anjan / Wig, Naveet

medRxiv

Abstract	Background: The epidemiology of the Coronavirus-disease associated mucormycosis (CAM) syndemic is poorly elucidated. We aimed to identify risk factors that may explain the burden of cases and help develop preventive strategies. Methods: We performed a case-control study comparing cases diagnosed with CAM and those who had recovered from COVID-19 without developing mucormycosis (controls). Information on comorbidities, glycemic control, and practices related to COVID-19 prevention and treatment was recorded. Results: 352 patients (152 cases and 200 controls) diagnosed with COVID-19 during April-May 2021 were included. In the CAM group, symptoms of mucormycosis began a mean 18.9 (SD 9.1) days after onset of COVID-19, and predominantly rhino-sinus and orbital involvement was present. All, but one, CAM cases carried conventional risk factors of diabetes and steroid use. On multivariable regression, increased odds of CAM were associated with the presence of diabetes (adjusted OR 3.5, 95%CI 1.1-11), use of systemic steroids (aOR 7.7,95% CI 2.4-24.7), prolonged use of cloth and surgical masks (vs no mask, aOR 6.9, 95%CI 1.5-33.1), and repeated nasopharyngeal swab testing during the COVID-19 illness (aOR 1.6,95% CI 1.2-2.2). Zinc therapy, probably due to its utility in immune function, was found to be protective (aOR 0.05, 95%CI 0.01-0.19). Notably, the requirement of oxygen supplementation or hospitalization did not affect the risk of CAM. Conclusion: Judicious use of steroids and stringent glycemic control are vital to preventing mucormycosis. Use of clean masks, preference for N95 masks if available, and minimizing swab testing after the diagnosis of COVID-19 may further reduce the incidence of CAM.
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-07-26
Publisher	Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press
Document type	Article ; Online
DOI	10.1101/2021.07.24.21261040
Database	COVID19

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