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  1. Book: Case presentations in clinical tuberculosis

    Davis, Peter D. O. / Ormerod, Lawrence Peter

    1999  

    Author's details Peter D. O. Davis and L. Peter Ormerod
    Language English
    Size XIV, 299 S. : zahlr. Ill.
    Publisher Arnold
    Publishing place London u.a.
    Publishing country Great Britain
    Document type Book
    HBZ-ID HT010915480
    ISBN 0-340-74159-7 ; 978-0-340-74159-7
    Database Catalogue ZB MED Medicine, Health

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  2. Article ; Online: Drug therapy for children with tuberculosis.

    Ormerod, L Peter

    Archives of disease in childhood

    2012  Volume 97, Issue 12, Page(s) 1097–1101

    Abstract: The scientific basis of drug treatment for both active tuberculosis (TB) disease and TB infection, has been established, with treatment in children being largely extrapolated from adult active disease trials. It is essential that active TB disease is ... ...

    Abstract The scientific basis of drug treatment for both active tuberculosis (TB) disease and TB infection, has been established, with treatment in children being largely extrapolated from adult active disease trials. It is essential that active TB disease is excluded before asymptomatic TB infection is diagnosed and treated. Nearly half of all children with active TB disease are found as asymptomatic tuberculin, or interferon gamma release assay (IGRA), positive contacts on screening by local TB services, usually of sputum TB microscopy positive adult relatives or other index cases, but with evidence of lung infiltrate or mediastinal lymphadenopathy on the child's chest x-ray. New drug regimens for both active disease and latent infection are in development, and also some novel drugs. However, none of these have yet been tested in children, and so again data will need to be extrapolated from adult results. In addition, there are issues regarding pharmacokinetics and dosing for current drugs, particularly isoniazid.
    MeSH term(s) Antitubercular Agents/immunology ; Antitubercular Agents/therapeutic use ; Child ; Humans ; Latent Tuberculosis/drug therapy ; Latent Tuberculosis/immunology ; Sputum/microbiology ; Tuberculin Test ; Tuberculosis/drug therapy ; Tuberculosis/immunology
    Chemical Substances Antitubercular Agents
    Language English
    Publishing date 2012-12
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 524-1
    ISSN 1468-2044 ; 0003-9888 ; 1359-2998
    ISSN (online) 1468-2044
    ISSN 0003-9888 ; 1359-2998
    DOI 10.1136/archdischild-2012-301925
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article: Role of surgery in pulmonary multidrug-resistant tuberculosis.

    Ormerod, L Peter

    Thorax

    2007  Volume 62, Issue 5, Page(s) 377

    MeSH term(s) Antitubercular Agents/therapeutic use ; Humans ; Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant/surgery
    Chemical Substances Antitubercular Agents
    Language English
    Publishing date 2007-05
    Publishing country England
    Document type Comment ; Editorial
    ZDB-ID 204353-1
    ISSN 1468-3296 ; 0040-6376
    ISSN (online) 1468-3296
    ISSN 0040-6376
    DOI 10.1136/thx.2005.056135
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: High prevalence of TB disease in contacts of adults with extrapulmonary TB.

    Wingfield, Tom / MacPherson, Peter / Cleary, Paul / Ormerod, L Peter

    Thorax

    2017  Volume 73, Issue 8, Page(s) 785–787

    Abstract: UK guidelines no longer recommend routine screening of household contacts of adult patients with extrapulmonary TB (EPTB). From 27 March 2012 to 28 June 2016, we investigated the prevalence of active TB disease in household contacts of 1023 EPTB index ... ...

    Abstract UK guidelines no longer recommend routine screening of household contacts of adult patients with extrapulmonary TB (EPTB). From 27 March 2012 to 28 June 2016, we investigated the prevalence of active TB disease in household contacts of 1023 EPTB index cases in North West England, and compared estimates with: published new entrant migrant screening programme prevalence (~147/100 000 person-years); London-based contact screening data (700/100 000 contacts screened); and National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) new entrant TB screening thresholds (TB prevalence >40/100 000 people). Active TB disease prevalence in EPTB contacts was 440/100 000 contacts screened, similar to UK new entrant screening programmes, London EPTB contact prevalence and >10 times NICE's threshold for new entrant screening. The decision to no longer recommend routine screening of EPTB contacts should be re-evaluated and cost-effectiveness analyses of screening strategies for EPTB contacts should be performed.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Contact Tracing ; Female ; Humans ; London/epidemiology ; Male ; Population Surveillance ; Prevalence ; Retrospective Studies ; Transients and Migrants ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/epidemiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-11-16
    Publishing country England
    Document type Letter ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 204353-1
    ISSN 1468-3296 ; 0040-6376
    ISSN (online) 1468-3296
    ISSN 0040-6376
    DOI 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2017-210202
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article: Assessing risk and managing Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and disease in patients due to start anti-TNFalpha treatment.

    Ormerod, L Peter

    Cytokine

    2004  Volume 28, Issue 4-5, Page(s) 179–181

    Abstract: This short paper describes the rationale being applied in the United Kingdom to the problem of treating latent TB infection in persons requiring anti-TNF-alpha treatment. This will largely have to be done by an individual risk/benefit analysis based on ... ...

    Abstract This short paper describes the rationale being applied in the United Kingdom to the problem of treating latent TB infection in persons requiring anti-TNF-alpha treatment. This will largely have to be done by an individual risk/benefit analysis based on the risks of developing disease from national epidemiology compared with the risks of significant hepatotoxicity from treatment of latent infection.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Adult ; Age Factors ; Antibiotic Prophylaxis ; Antitubercular Agents/adverse effects ; Antitubercular Agents/therapeutic use ; Continental Population Groups ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis/physiology ; Risk Assessment ; Tuberculosis/drug therapy ; Tuberculosis/epidemiology ; Tuberculosis/microbiology ; Tuberculosis/pathology ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/antagonists & inhibitors ; United Kingdom/epidemiology
    Chemical Substances Antitubercular Agents ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
    Language English
    Publishing date 2004-11
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1018055-2
    ISSN 1096-0023 ; 1043-4666
    ISSN (online) 1096-0023
    ISSN 1043-4666
    DOI 10.1016/j.cyto.2004.07.013
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Evaluating 17 years of latent tuberculosis infection screening in north-west England: a retrospective cohort study of reactivation.

    Zenner, Dominik / Loutet, Miranda G / Harris, Ross / Wilson, Stephen / Ormerod, L Peter

    The European respiratory journal

    2017  Volume 50, Issue 1

    Abstract: Approximately 72% of tuberculosis (TB) cases in England occur among non-UK born individuals, mostly as a result of reactivation of latent TB infection (LTBI). Programmatic LTBI screening is a key intervention of the TB strategy for England. This article ... ...

    Abstract Approximately 72% of tuberculosis (TB) cases in England occur among non-UK born individuals, mostly as a result of reactivation of latent TB infection (LTBI). Programmatic LTBI screening is a key intervention of the TB strategy for England. This article reviews the results of a long-standing LTBI screening initiative in England.A retrospective cohort was created through probabilistic linkage between LTBI screening data and national TB case notifications. Screened persons were followed until they died, became a case, emigrated or until cohort-end. TB incidence rates and rate ratios (IRR) were calculated.97 out of 1820 individuals screened for LTBI were reported to have active TB. Crude incidence rates among LTBI-positive, treatment-naïve individuals were 4.1 and 2.3 per 100 person-years in the QuantiFERON and tuberculin skin test cohorts, respectively. Among the QuantiFERON cohort, Poisson regression showed that LTBI positivity (IRR 22.6, 95% CI 6.8-74.6) and no chemoprophylaxis increased the probability of becoming a TB case (IRR 0.17, 95% CI 0.05-0.6).We found high TB rates in LTBI-positive, treatment-naïve individuals and a strong association between no treatment and becoming a TB case, demonstrating feasibility and effectiveness of LTBI screening and providing important policy lessons for LTBI screening in England and beyond.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Databases, Factual ; England/epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Interferon-gamma/blood ; Latent Tuberculosis/blood ; Latent Tuberculosis/diagnosis ; Latent Tuberculosis/epidemiology ; Male ; Mass Screening ; Multivariate Analysis ; Regression Analysis ; Retrospective Studies ; Tuberculin Test ; Young Adult
    Chemical Substances IFNG protein, human ; Interferon-gamma (82115-62-6)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 639359-7
    ISSN 1399-3003 ; 0903-1936
    ISSN (online) 1399-3003
    ISSN 0903-1936
    DOI 10.1183/13993003.02505-2016
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Rethinking TB screening: politics, practicalities and the press.

    Moore-Gillon, J / Davies, Peter D O / Ormerod, L Peter

    Thorax

    2010  Volume 65, Issue 8, Page(s) 663–665

    MeSH term(s) Emigrants and Immigrants ; Humans ; Mass Media ; Mass Screening/methods ; Mass Screening/organization & administration ; Politics ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/diagnosis
    Language English
    Publishing date 2010-08
    Publishing country England
    Document type Editorial
    ZDB-ID 204353-1
    ISSN 1468-3296 ; 0040-6376
    ISSN (online) 1468-3296
    ISSN 0040-6376
    DOI 10.1136/thx.2009.132373
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Increasing reports of non-tuberculous mycobacteria in England, Wales and Northern Ireland, 1995-2006.

    Moore, Jonathan E / Kruijshaar, Michelle E / Ormerod, L Peter / Drobniewski, Francis / Abubakar, Ibrahim

    BMC public health

    2010  Volume 10, Page(s) 612

    Abstract: Background: Non-tuberculous mycobacteria have long been identified as capable of causing human disease and the number at risk, due to immune-suppression, is rising. Several reports have suggested incidence to be increasing, yet routine surveillance- ... ...

    Abstract Background: Non-tuberculous mycobacteria have long been identified as capable of causing human disease and the number at risk, due to immune-suppression, is rising. Several reports have suggested incidence to be increasing, yet routine surveillance-based evidence is lacking. We investigated recent trends in, and the epidemiology of, non-tuberculous mycobacterial infections in England, Wales and Northern Ireland, 1995-2006.
    Methods: Hospital laboratories voluntarily report non-tuberculous mycobacterial infections to the Health Protection Agency Centre for Infections. Details reported include age and sex of the patient, species, specimen type and source laboratory. All reports were analysed.
    Results: The rate of non-tuberculous mycobacteria reports rose from 0.9 per 100,000 population in 1995 to 2.9 per 100,000 in 2006 (1608 reports). Increases were mainly in pulmonary specimens and people aged 60+ years. The most commonly reported species was Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare (43%); M. malmoense and M. kansasii were also commonly reported. M. gordonae showed the biggest increase over the study period rising from one report in 1995 to 153 in 2006. Clinical information was rarely reported.
    Conclusions: The number and rate of reports increased considerably between 1995 and 2006, primarily in older age groups and pulmonary specimens. Increases in some species are likely to be artefacts but real changes in more pathogenic species, some of which will require clinical care, should not be excluded. Enhanced surveillance is needed to understand the true epidemiology of these infections and their impact on human health.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Laboratories, Hospital ; Male ; Mandatory Reporting ; Middle Aged ; Mycobacterium/classification ; Mycobacterium/isolation & purification ; Mycobacterium/pathogenicity ; Mycobacterium Infections/epidemiology ; Population Surveillance ; United Kingdom/epidemiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2010-10-15
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 1471-2458
    ISSN (online) 1471-2458
    DOI 10.1186/1471-2458-10-612
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Screening of immigrants in the UK for imported latent tuberculosis: a multicentre cohort study and cost-effectiveness analysis.

    Pareek, Manish / Watson, John P / Ormerod, L Peter / Kon, Onn Min / Woltmann, Gerrit / White, Peter J / Abubakar, Ibrahim / Lalvani, Ajit

    The Lancet. Infectious diseases

    2011  Volume 11, Issue 6, Page(s) 435–444

    Abstract: Background: Continuing rises in tuberculosis notifications in the UK are attributable to cases in foreign-born immigrants. National guidance for immigrant screening is hampered by a lack of data about the prevalence of, and risk factors for, latent ... ...

    Abstract Background: Continuing rises in tuberculosis notifications in the UK are attributable to cases in foreign-born immigrants. National guidance for immigrant screening is hampered by a lack of data about the prevalence of, and risk factors for, latent tuberculosis infection in immigrants. We aimed to determine the prevalence of latent infection in immigrants to the UK to define which groups should be screened and to quantify cost-effectiveness.
    Methods: In our multicentre cohort study and cost-effectiveness analysis we analysed demographic and test results from three centres in the UK (from 2008 to 2010) that used interferon-γ release-assay (IGRA) to screen immigrants aged 35 years or younger for latent tuberculosis infection. We assessed factors associated with latent infection by use of logistic regression and calculated the yields and cost-effectiveness of screening at different levels of tuberculosis incidence in immigrants' countries of origin with a decision analysis model.
    Findings: Results for IGRA-based screening were positive in 245 of 1229 immigrants (20%), negative in 982 (80%), and indeterminate in two (0·2%). Positive results were independently associated with increases in tuberculosis incidence in immigrants' countries of origin (p=0·0006), male sex (p = 0·046), and age (p < 0·0001). National policy thus far would fail to detect 71% of individuals with latent infection. The two most cost-effective strategies were to screen individuals from countries with a tuberculosis incidence of more than 250 cases per 100,000 (incremental cost-effectiveness ratio [ICER] was £17,956 [£1=US$1·60] per prevented case of tuberculosis) and at more than 150 cases per 100,000 (including immigrants from the Indian subcontinent), which identified 92% of infected immigrants and prevented an additional 29 cases at an ICER of £20,819 per additional case averted.
    Interpretation: Screening for latent infection can be implemented cost-effectively at a level of incidence that identifies most immigrants with latent tuberculosis, thereby preventing substantial numbers of future cases of active tuberculosis.
    Funding: Medical Research Council and Wellcome Trust.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Cohort Studies ; Cost-Benefit Analysis ; Decision Trees ; Emigrants and Immigrants ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Interferon-gamma/blood ; Latent Tuberculosis/diagnosis ; Latent Tuberculosis/economics ; Latent Tuberculosis/epidemiology ; Male ; Mass Screening/economics ; Mass Screening/methods ; Prevalence ; Prospective Studies ; Regression Analysis ; United Kingdom/epidemiology ; Young Adult
    Chemical Substances Interferon-gamma (82115-62-6)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2011-04-20
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Multicenter Study ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2061641-7
    ISSN 1474-4457 ; 1473-3099
    ISSN (online) 1474-4457
    ISSN 1473-3099
    DOI 10.1016/S1473-3099(11)70069-X
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Percutaneous Device Closure of Paravalvular Leak: Combined Experience From the United Kingdom and Ireland.

    Calvert, Patrick A / Northridge, David B / Malik, Iqbal S / Shapiro, Leonard / Ludman, Peter / Qureshi, Shakeel A / Mullen, Michael / Henderson, Robert / Turner, Mark / Been, Martin / Walsh, Kevin P / Casserly, Ivan / Morrison, Lindsay / Walker, Nicola L / Thomson, John / Spence, Mark S / Mahadevan, Vaikom S / Hoye, Angela / MacCarthy, Philip A /
    Daniels, Matthew J / Clift, Paul / Davies, William R / Adamson, Philip D / Morgan, Gareth / Aggarwal, Suneil K / Ismail, Yasmin / Ormerod, Julian O M / Khan, Habib R / Chandran, Sujay Subash / de Giovanni, Joseph / Rana, Bushra S / Ormerod, Oliver / Hildick-Smith, David

    Circulation

    2016  Volume 134, Issue 13, Page(s) 934–944

    Abstract: Background: Paravalvular leak (PVL) occurs in 5% to 17% of patients following surgical valve replacement. Percutaneous device closure represents an alternative to repeat surgery.: Methods: All UK and Ireland centers undertaking percutaneous PVL ... ...

    Abstract Background: Paravalvular leak (PVL) occurs in 5% to 17% of patients following surgical valve replacement. Percutaneous device closure represents an alternative to repeat surgery.
    Methods: All UK and Ireland centers undertaking percutaneous PVL closure submitted data to the UK PVL Registry. Data were analyzed for association with death and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) at follow-up.
    Results: Three hundred eight PVL closure procedures were attempted in 259 patients in 20 centers (2004-2015). Patient age was 67±13 years; 28% were female. The main indications for closure were heart failure (80%) and hemolysis (16%). Devices were successfully implanted in 91% of patients, via radial (7%), femoral arterial (52%), femoral venous (33%), and apical (7%) approaches. Nineteen percent of patients required repeat procedures. The target valve was mitral (44%), aortic (48%), both (2%), pulmonic (0.4%), or transcatheter aortic valve replacement (5%). Preprocedural leak was severe (61%), moderate (34%), or mild (5.7%) and was multiple in 37%. PVL improved postprocedure (P<0.001) and was none (33.3%), mild (41.4%), moderate (18.6%), or severe (6.7%) at last follow-up. Mean New York Heart Association class improved from 2.7±0.8 preprocedure to 1.6±0.8 (P<0.001) after a median follow-up of 110 (7-452) days. Hospital mortality was 2.9% (elective), 6.8% (in-hospital urgent), and 50% (emergency) (P<0.001). MACE during follow-up included death (16%), valve surgery (6%), late device embolization (0.4%), and new hemolysis requiring transfusion (1.6%). Mitral PVL was associated with higher MACE (hazard ratio [HR], 1.83; P=0.011). Factors independently associated with death were the degree of persisting leak (HR, 2.87; P=0.037), New York Heart Association class (HR, 2.00; P=0.015) at follow-up and baseline creatinine (HR, 8.19; P=0.001). The only factor independently associated with MACE was the degree of persisting leak at follow-up (HR, 3.01; P=0.002).
    Conclusion: Percutaneous closure of PVL is an effective procedure that improves PVL severity and symptoms. Severity of persisting leak at follow-up is independently associated with both MACE and death. Percutaneous closure should be considered as an alternative to repeat surgery.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Cardiac Catheterization/methods ; Female ; Heart Failure/etiology ; Heart Valve Prosthesis ; Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation/adverse effects ; Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation/methods ; Humans ; Ireland ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mitral Valve/surgery ; Postoperative Complications/etiology ; Prosthesis Failure/adverse effects ; Reoperation/methods ; Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement/methods ; United Kingdom
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-09-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Comparative Study ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 80099-5
    ISSN 1524-4539 ; 0009-7322 ; 0069-4193 ; 0065-8499
    ISSN (online) 1524-4539
    ISSN 0009-7322 ; 0069-4193 ; 0065-8499
    DOI 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.116.022684
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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