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Article: Receptor synergy from thin fiber muscle afferents. Focus on "Dorsal Root Ganglion Neurons Innervating Skeletal Muscle Respond to Physiological Combinations of Protons, ATP, and Lactate Mediated by ASIC, P2X, and TRPV1".

Kaufman, Marc P / Hayes, Shawn G

2008 Volume 100, Issue 3, Page(s) 1169–1170

MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Ganglia, Spinal/cytology ; Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/physiology ; Muscle, Skeletal/innervation ; Neurons/physiology ; Sensory Receptor Cells/physiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2008-09
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Comment ; Editorial
ZDB-ID	80161-6
ISSN	1522-1598 ; 0022-3077
ISSN (online)	1522-1598
ISSN	0022-3077
DOI	10.1152/jn.90693.2008
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Article: A Multi-Sensor Unoccupied Aerial System Improves Characterization of Vegetation Composition and Canopy Properties in the Arctic Tundra

Yang, Dedi / Meng, Ran / Morrison, Bailey D / McMahon, Andrew / Hantson, Wouter / Hayes, Daniel J / Breen, Amy L / Salmon, Verity G / Serbin, Shawn P

Remote Sensing. 2020 Aug. 15, v. 12, no. 16

2020

Abstract: Changes in vegetation distribution, structure, and function can modify the canopy properties of terrestrial ecosystems, with potential consequences for regional and global climate feedbacks. In the Arctic, climate is warming twice as fast as compared to ... ...

Abstract	Changes in vegetation distribution, structure, and function can modify the canopy properties of terrestrial ecosystems, with potential consequences for regional and global climate feedbacks. In the Arctic, climate is warming twice as fast as compared to the global average (known as ‘Arctic amplification’), likely having stronger impacts on arctic tundra vegetation. In order to quantify these changes and assess their impacts on ecosystem structure and function, methods are needed to accurately characterize the canopy properties of tundra vegetation types. However, commonly used ground-based measurements are limited in spatial and temporal coverage, and differentiating low-lying tundra plant species is challenging with coarse-resolution satellite remote sensing. The collection and processing of multi-sensor data from unoccupied aerial systems (UASs) has the potential to fill the gap between ground-based and satellite observations. To address the critical need for such data in the Arctic, we developed a cost-effective multi-sensor UAS (the ‘Osprey’) using off-the-shelf instrumentation. The Osprey simultaneously produces high-resolution optical, thermal, and structural images, as well as collecting point-based hyperspectral measurements, over vegetation canopies. In this paper, we describe the setup and deployment of the Osprey system in the Arctic to a tundra study site located in the Seward Peninsula, Alaska. We present a case study demonstrating the processing and application of Osprey data products for characterizing the key biophysical properties of tundra vegetation canopies. In this study, plant functional types (PFTs) representative of arctic tundra ecosystems were mapped with an overall accuracy of 87.4%. The Osprey image products identified significant differences in canopy-scale greenness, canopy height, and surface temperature among PFTs, with deciduous low to tall shrubs having the lowest canopy temperatures while non-vascular lichens had the warmest. The analysis of our hyperspectral data showed that variation in the fractional cover of deciduous low to tall shrubs was effectively characterized by Osprey reflectance measurements across the range of visible to near-infrared wavelengths. Therefore, the development and deployment of the Osprey UAS, as a state-of-the-art methodology, has the potential to be widely used for characterizing tundra vegetation composition and canopy properties to improve our understanding of ecosystem dynamics in the Arctic, and to address scale issues between ground-based and airborne/satellite observations.
Keywords	Pandion haliaetus ; accuracy ; botanical composition ; canopy ; canopy height ; case studies ; cost effectiveness ; dynamics ; environmental impact ; instrumentation ; lichens ; paper ; population distribution ; reflectance ; remote sensing ; satellites ; shrubs ; surface temperature ; terrestrial ecosystems ; tundra ; wavelengths ; Alaska ; Arctic region
Language	English
Dates of publication	2020-0815
Publishing place	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Document type	Article
Note	NAL-light
ZDB-ID	2513863-7
ISSN	2072-4292
ISSN	2072-4292
DOI	10.3390/rs12162638
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: A Multi-Sensor Unoccupied Aerial System Improves Characterization of Vegetation Composition and Canopy Properties in the Arctic Tundra

Dedi Yang / Ran Meng / Bailey D. Morrison / Andrew McMahon / Wouter Hantson / Daniel J. Hayes / Amy L. Breen / Verity G. Salmon / Shawn P. Serbin

Remote Sensing, Vol 12, Iss 2638, p

2020 Volume 2638

Abstract	Changes in vegetation distribution, structure, and function can modify the canopy properties of terrestrial ecosystems, with potential consequences for regional and global climate feedbacks. In the Arctic, climate is warming twice as fast as compared to the global average (known as ‘Arctic amplification’), likely having stronger impacts on arctic tundra vegetation. In order to quantify these changes and assess their impacts on ecosystem structure and function, methods are needed to accurately characterize the canopy properties of tundra vegetation types. However, commonly used ground-based measurements are limited in spatial and temporal coverage, and differentiating low-lying tundra plant species is challenging with coarse-resolution satellite remote sensing. The collection and processing of multi-sensor data from unoccupied aerial systems (UASs) has the potential to fill the gap between ground-based and satellite observations. To address the critical need for such data in the Arctic, we developed a cost-effective multi-sensor UAS (the ‘ Osprey’ ) using off-the-shelf instrumentation. The Osprey simultaneously produces high-resolution optical, thermal, and structural images, as well as collecting point-based hyperspectral measurements, over vegetation canopies. In this paper, we describe the setup and deployment of the Osprey system in the Arctic to a tundra study site located in the Seward Peninsula, Alaska. We present a case study demonstrating the processing and application of Osprey data products for characterizing the key biophysical properties of tundra vegetation canopies. In this study, plant functional types (PFTs) representative of arctic tundra ecosystems were mapped with an overall accuracy of 87.4%. The Osprey image products identified significant differences in canopy-scale greenness, canopy height, and surface temperature among PFTs, with deciduous low to tall shrubs having the lowest canopy temperatures while non-vascular lichens had the warmest. The analysis of our hyperspectral data showed that variation in the fractional cover of deciduous low to tall shrubs was effectively characterized by Osprey reflectance measurements across the range of visible to near-infrared wavelengths. Therefore, the development and deployment of the Osprey UAS, as a state-of-the-art methodology, has the potential to be widely used for characterizing tundra vegetation composition and canopy properties to improve our understanding of ecosystem dynamics in the Arctic, and to address scale issues between ground-based and airborne/satellite observations.
Keywords	Arctic tundra ; canopy properties ; remote sensing ; spectral reflectance ; thermal infrared ; unoccupied aerial system ; Science ; Q
Subject code	550
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-08-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Heat‐Generating Nuclear Waste in Salt: Field Testing and Simulation

Johnson, Peter J. / Otto, Shawn / Weaver, Douglas J. / Dozier, Brian / Miller, Terry A. / Jordan, Amy B. / Hayes-Rich, Nathan G. / Stauffer, Philip H.

Vadose zone journal. 2019, v. 18, no. 1

2019

Abstract: CORE IDEAS: A field‐scale experiment and numerical simulations confirm salt backfill behavior. Simulations closely match temperature around and under the piled salt backfill. Results indicate limited dissolution–precipitation reactions around the heat ... ...

Abstract	CORE IDEAS: A field‐scale experiment and numerical simulations confirm salt backfill behavior. Simulations closely match temperature around and under the piled salt backfill. Results indicate limited dissolution–precipitation reactions around the heat source. Alteration of backfill is unlikely if the drift is allowed to dry before emplacement. Investigations relating to in‐drift disposal of heat‐generating nuclear waste in salt have raised questions about heat–brine interactions in the unsaturated run‐of‐mine (RoM) salt pile used as backfill. These interactions have the potential to change the structure of the RoM salt surrounding the canister, possibly altering long‐term containment of the source. An experiment is in progress at the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP), New Mexico, in which a heated canister was placed on the floor of an open drift, covered in a pile of RoM salt, and energized with 1000 W. Temperature in the RoM salt pile had stabilized after about 15 d, allowing evaluation of the heat‐up period of the ongoing experiment. Using a multiphase porous flow simulator that has been modified to handle salt‐specific coupled processes, we examined coupled thermal–hydrological–chemical behavior in the RoM salt pile. Our simulations suggest that for the relatively dry cases examined, porosity changes within RoM salt in a generic salt repository are likely to be minor in the period between waste emplacement and plastic closure of the drift. The primary sensitivity for porosity change is to the early moisture content of the RoM salt used to cover the canister. Secondary influences include moisture availability from the disturbed rock zone (DRZ) surrounding the drift and the capillary pressure ratio between the DRZ and the RoM salt. Early changes in porosity and permeability may be affected by moisture content, but this was not observed in the test. Such changes would be most likely to occur when using damp RoM salt or if waste is emplaced in a drift immediately following opening of the drift before evaporative dewatering of the drift walls occurs.
Keywords	dewatering ; heat ; permeability ; porosity ; radioactive waste ; temperature ; vadose zone ; water content ; New Mexico
Language	English
Size	p. 1-14.
Publishing place	The Soil Science Society of America, Inc.
Document type	Article
Note	JOURNAL ARTICLE ; epub
ZDB-ID	2088189-7
ISSN	1539-1663
ISSN	1539-1663
DOI	10.2136/vzj2018.08.0160
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Heat-Generating Nuclear Waste in Salt

Peter J. Johnson / Shawn Otto / Douglas J. Weaver / Brian Dozier / Terry A. Miller / Amy B. Jordan / Nathan G. Hayes-Rich / Philip H. Stauffer

Vadose Zone Journal, Vol 18, Iss

Field Testing and Simulation

2019 Volume 1

Abstract: Investigations relating to in-drift disposal of heat-generating nuclear waste in salt have raised questions about heat–brine interactions in the unsaturated run-of-mine (RoM) salt pile used as backfill. These interactions have the potential to change the ...

Abstract	Investigations relating to in-drift disposal of heat-generating nuclear waste in salt have raised questions about heat–brine interactions in the unsaturated run-of-mine (RoM) salt pile used as backfill. These interactions have the potential to change the structure of the RoM salt surrounding the canister, possibly altering long-term containment of the source. An experiment is in progress at the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP), New Mexico, in which a heated canister was placed on the floor of an open drift, covered in a pile of RoM salt, and energized with 1000 W. Temperature in the RoM salt pile had stabilized after about 15 d, allowing evaluation of the heat-up period of the ongoing experiment. Using a multiphase porous flow simulator that has been modified to handle salt-specific coupled processes, we examined coupled thermal–hydrological–chemical behavior in the RoM salt pile. Our simulations suggest that for the relatively dry cases examined, porosity changes within RoM salt in a generic salt repository are likely to be minor in the period between waste emplacement and plastic closure of the drift. The primary sensitivity for porosity change is to the early moisture content of the RoM salt used to cover the canister. Secondary influences include moisture availability from the disturbed rock zone (DRZ) surrounding the drift and the capillary pressure ratio between the DRZ and the RoM salt. Early changes in porosity and permeability may be affected by moisture content, but this was not observed in the test. Such changes would be most likely to occur when using damp RoM salt or if waste is emplaced in a drift immediately following opening of the drift before evaporative dewatering of the drift walls occurs.
Keywords	Environmental sciences ; GE1-350 ; Geology ; QE1-996.5
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Wiley
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Transient receptor potential A1 channel contributes to activation of the muscle reflex.

Koba, Satoshi / Hayes, Shawn G / Sinoway, Lawrence I

American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology

2010 Volume 300, Issue 1, Page(s) H201–13

Abstract: This study was undertaken to elucidate the role played by transient receptor potential A1 channels (TRPA1) in activating the muscle reflex, a sympathoexcitatory drive originating in contracting muscle. First, we tested the hypothesis that stimulation of ... ...

Abstract	This study was undertaken to elucidate the role played by transient receptor potential A1 channels (TRPA1) in activating the muscle reflex, a sympathoexcitatory drive originating in contracting muscle. First, we tested the hypothesis that stimulation of the TRPA1 located on muscle afferents reflexly increases sympathetic nerve activity. In decerebrate rats, allyl isothiocyanate, a TRPA1 agonist, was injected intra-arterially into the hindlimb muscle circulation. This led to a 33% increase in renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA). The effect of allyl isothiocyanate was a reflex because the response was prevented by sectioning the sciatic nerve. Second, we tested the hypothesis that blockade of TRPA1 reduces RSNA response to contraction. Thirty-second continuous static contraction of the hindlimb muscles, induced by electrical stimulation of the peripheral cut ends of L(4) and L(5) ventral roots, increased RSNA and blood pressure. The integrated RSNA during contraction was reduced by HC-030031, a TRPA1 antagonist, injected intra-arterially (163 ± 24 vs. 95 ± 21 arbitrary units, before vs. after HC-030031, P < 0.05). Third, we attempted to identify potential endogenous stimulants of TRPA1, responsible for activating the muscle reflex. Increases in RSNA in response to injection into the muscle circulation of arachidonic acid, bradykinin, and diprotonated phosphate, which are metabolic by-products of contraction and stimulants of muscle afferents during contraction, were reduced by HC-030031. These observations suggest that the TRPA1 located on muscle afferents is part of the muscle reflex and further support the notion that arachidonic acid metabolites, bradykinin, and diprotonated phosphate are candidates for endogenous agonists of TRPA1.
MeSH term(s)	Analysis of Variance ; Animals ; Ankyrins/physiology ; Calcium Channels/physiology ; Hindlimb/drug effects ; Hindlimb/physiology ; Isothiocyanates/pharmacology ; Male ; Muscle Contraction/drug effects ; Muscle Contraction/physiology ; Muscle, Skeletal/drug effects ; Muscle, Skeletal/innervation ; Muscle, Skeletal/physiology ; Neurons, Afferent/drug effects ; Neurons, Afferent/physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reflex/drug effects ; Reflex/physiology ; Sympathetic Nervous System/drug effects ; Sympathetic Nervous System/physiology ; TRPA1 Cation Channel ; TRPC Cation Channels
Chemical Substances	Ankyrins ; Calcium Channels ; Isothiocyanates ; TRPA1 Cation Channel ; TRPC Cation Channels ; Trpa1 protein, rat ; isothiocyanic acid (3129-90-6)
Language	English
Publishing date	2010-11-12
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	603838-4
ISSN	1522-1539 ; 0363-6135
ISSN (online)	1522-1539
ISSN	0363-6135
DOI	10.1152/ajpheart.00547.2009
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Article: The exercise pressor reflex.

Kaufman, Marc P / Hayes, Shawn G

Clinical autonomic research : official journal of the Clinical Autonomic Research Society

2002 Volume 12, Issue 6, Page(s) 429–439

Abstract: The exercise pressor reflex is believed to play a role in causing the cardiovascular and ventilatory responses to exercise. This review will discuss the evidence that the reflex is active in both humans and animals. In addition, this review will discuss ... ...

Abstract	The exercise pressor reflex is believed to play a role in causing the cardiovascular and ventilatory responses to exercise. This review will discuss the evidence that the reflex is active in both humans and animals. In addition, this review will discuss the nature of the mechanical and metabolic stimuli that evoke the exercise pressor reflex. Particular attention will be paid to the discharge properties of the thin fiber sensory nerves (i. e., group III and IV muscle afferents) whose activation by these mechanical and metabolic stimuli is responsible for evoking the reflex. Finally, some current findings and controversies will be discussed.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Baroreflex/physiology ; Exercise/physiology ; Humans ; Muscle Contraction/physiology ; Muscle, Skeletal/physiology ; Neurons, Afferent/physiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2002-12
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	1080007-4
ISSN	1619-1560 ; 0959-9851
ISSN (online)	1619-1560
ISSN	0959-9851
DOI	10.1007/s10286-002-0059-1
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Article ; Online: Volatile anesthetic effects on midbrain-elicited locomotion suggest that the locomotor network in the ventral spinal cord is the primary site for immobility.

Jinks, Steven L / Bravo, Milo / Hayes, Shawn G

Anesthesiology

2008 Volume 108, Issue 6, Page(s) 1016–1024

Abstract: Background: Volatile anesthetics produce immobility primarily by action in the spinal cord; however, anesthetic effects among different neuronal classes located in different spinal regions, and how they relate to immobility, are not understood.: ... ...

Abstract	Background: Volatile anesthetics produce immobility primarily by action in the spinal cord; however, anesthetic effects among different neuronal classes located in different spinal regions, and how they relate to immobility, are not understood. Methods: In decerebrated rats, effects of isoflurane and halothane on movement elicited by electrical microstimulation of the mesencephalic locomotor region (MLR) were assessed in relation to minimum alveolar concentration (MAC). Anesthetic effects on step frequency and isometric limb force were measured. The authors also examined effects of MLR stimulation on responses of nociceptive dorsal horn neurons and limb force responses to tail clamp. Results: Mean isoflurane requirements to block MLR-elicited stepping were slightly but significantly greater than MAC by 10%. Mean halothane requirements to block MLR-elicited stepping were greater than those for isoflurane and exceeded MAC by 20%. From 0.4 to 1.3 MAC (but not 0.0 to 0.4 MAC), there was a dose-dependent reduction in the frequency and force of hind limb movements elicited by MLR stimulation during both anesthetics. MLR stimulation inhibited noxious stimulus evoked responses of dorsal horn neurons by approximately 80%. Aptly, MLR stimulation produced analgesia that outlasted the midbrain stimulus by at least 15 s, as indicated by an 81% reduction in hind limb force elicited noxious tail clamp. Conclusions: Because electrical stimulation of the MLR elicits movement independent of dorsal horn activation, the immobilizing properties of isoflurane and halothane are largely independent of action in the dorsal horn. The results suggest that volatile anesthetics produce immobility mainly by action on ventral spinal locomotor networks.
MeSH term(s)	Anesthetics, Inhalation/pharmacology ; Animals ; Anterior Horn Cells/drug effects ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Halothane/pharmacology ; Immobilization/methods ; Isoflurane/pharmacology ; Locomotion/drug effects ; Male ; Mesencephalon/drug effects ; Mesencephalon/physiology ; Models, Animal ; Motor Neurons/drug effects ; Physical Stimulation/methods ; Posterior Horn Cells/drug effects ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Spinal Cord/drug effects ; Spinal Cord/physiology
Chemical Substances	Anesthetics, Inhalation ; Isoflurane (CYS9AKD70P) ; Halothane (UQT9G45D1P)
Language	English
Publishing date	2008-08-13
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	269-0
ISSN	1528-1175 ; 0003-3022
ISSN (online)	1528-1175
ISSN	0003-3022
DOI	10.1097/ALN.0b013e3181730297
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Article ; Online: Nebraska Biocontainment Unit patient discharge and environmental decontamination after Ebola care.

Jelden, Katelyn C / Gibbs, Shawn G / Smith, Philip W / Schwedhelm, Michelle M / Iwen, Peter C / Beam, Elizabeth L / Hayes, A Kim / Marion, Nedra / Kratochvil, Christopher J / Boulter, Kathleen C / Hewlett, Angela L / Lowe, John J

American journal of infection control

2015 Volume 43, Issue 3, Page(s) 203–205

MeSH term(s)	Decontamination/methods ; Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola/therapy ; Humans ; Infection Control/methods ; Nebraska ; Patient Discharge
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-03-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	392362-9
ISSN	1527-3296 ; 0196-6553
ISSN (online)	1527-3296
ISSN	0196-6553
DOI	10.1016/j.ajic.2014.12.005
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Article: MLR stimulation and exercise pressor reflex activate different renal sympathetic fibers in decerebrate cats.

Hayes, Shawn G / Kaufman, Marc P

Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985)

2002 Volume 92, Issue 4, Page(s) 1628–1634

Abstract: Although mesencephalic locomotor region (MLR) stimulation and the exercise pressor reflex have been shown to increase whole nerve renal sympathetic activity, it is not known whether these mechanisms converge onto the same population of renal sympathetic ... ...

Abstract	Although mesencephalic locomotor region (MLR) stimulation and the exercise pressor reflex have been shown to increase whole nerve renal sympathetic activity, it is not known whether these mechanisms converge onto the same population of renal sympathetic postganglionic efferents. In decerebrate cats, we examined the responses of single renal sympathetic postganglionic efferents to stimulation of the MLR and the exercise pressor reflex (i.e., static contraction of the triceps surae muscles). We found that, in most instances (24 of 28 fibers), either MLR stimulation or the muscle reflex, but not both, increased the discharge of renal postganglionic sympathetic efferents. In addition, we found that renal sympathetic efferents that responded to static contraction while the muscles were freely perfused responded more vigorously to static contraction during circulatory arrest. Moreover, stretch of the calcaneal (Achilles) tendon stimulated the same renal sympathetic efferents as did static contraction. These findings suggest that MLR stimulation and the exercise pressor reflex do not converge onto the same renal sympathetic postganglionic efferents.
MeSH term(s)	Achilles Tendon/innervation ; Achilles Tendon/physiology ; Animals ; Blood Pressure/physiology ; Cats ; Decerebrate State ; Efferent Pathways/physiology ; Physical Exertion/physiology ; Physical Stimulation ; Reflex/physiology ; Renal Artery/innervation ; Renal Artery/physiology ; Sympathetic Nervous System/physiology ; Tegmentum Mesencephali/physiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2002-04
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	219139-8
ISSN	1522-1601 ; 8750-7587 ; 0021-8987 ; 0161-7567
ISSN (online)	1522-1601
ISSN	8750-7587 ; 0021-8987 ; 0161-7567
DOI	10.1152/japplphysiol.00905.2001
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