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Article ; Online: Heart Sound Classification Using Wavelet Analysis Approaches and Ensemble of Deep Learning Models

Jin-A Lee / Keun-Chang Kwak

Applied Sciences, Vol 13, Iss 21, p

2023 Volume 11942

Abstract: Analyzing the condition and function of the heart is very important because cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are responsible for high mortality rates worldwide and can lead to strokes and heart attacks; thus, early diagnosis and treatment are important. ... ...

Abstract	Analyzing the condition and function of the heart is very important because cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are responsible for high mortality rates worldwide and can lead to strokes and heart attacks; thus, early diagnosis and treatment are important. Phonocardiogram (PCG) signals can be used to analyze heart rate characteristics to detect heart health and detect heart-related diseases. In this paper, we propose a method for designing using wavelet analysis techniques and an ensemble of deep learning models from phonocardiogram (PCG) for heart sound classification. For this purpose, we use wavelet scattering transform (WST) and continuous wavelet transform (CWT) as the wavelet analysis approaches for 1D-convolutional neural network (CNN) and 2D-CNN modeling, respectively. These features are insensitive to translations of the input on an invariance scale and are continuous with respect to deformations. Furthermore, the ensemble model is combined with 1D-CNN and 2D-CNN. The proposed method consists of four stages: a preprocessing stage for dividing signals at regular intervals, a feature extraction stage through wavelet scattering transform (WST) and continuous wavelet transform (CWT), a design stage of individual 1D-CNN and 2D-CNN, and a classification stage of heart sound by the ensemble model. The datasets used for the experiment were the PhysioNet/CinC 2016 challenge dataset and the PASCAL classifying heart sounds challenge dataset. The performance evaluation is performed by precision, recall, F1-score, sensitivity, and specificity. The experimental results revealed that the proposed method showed good performance on two datasets in comparison to the previous methods. The ensemble method of the proposed deep learning model surpasses the performance of recent studies and is suitable for predicting and diagnosing heart-related diseases by classifying heart sounds through phonocardiogram (PCG) signals.
Keywords	heart sound classification ; phonocardiogram signal ; deep learning ; convolutional neural network ; ensemble ; Technology ; T ; Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ; TA1-2040 ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5 ; Physics ; QC1-999 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
Subject code	006
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Mitigating Effects of Tenebrio molitor Larvae Powder Administration in Mice with Dextran Sodium Sulfate (DSS)- Induced Colitis.

Park, Bo Mi / Jung, Bock Gie / Lee, Jin-A / Lee, Bong Joo

Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP

2023 Volume 24, Issue 5, Page(s) 1751–1758

Abstract: Background: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an inflammatory bowel disease that affects people worldwide. The causes of UC are diverse, and symptoms include diarrhea, weight loss, anemia, rectal bleeding, and bloody stools. Tenebrio molitor larvae have ... ...

Abstract	Background: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an inflammatory bowel disease that affects people worldwide. The causes of UC are diverse, and symptoms include diarrhea, weight loss, anemia, rectal bleeding, and bloody stools. Tenebrio molitor larvae have recently gained attention as edible insects with various physiological and medical effects. Research on the anti-inflammatory effects of ingesting Tenebrio molitor larvae powder (TMLP) is being actively conducted. In this study, TMLP was administered to mice with dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis to investigate its effects in reducing colitis symptoms. Methods: Mice were initially given 3% DSS in water to induce colitis and then feed containing 0%, 2%, or 4% TMLP. Pathologic changes in colon tissues were assessed by histology, and neutrophil levels were measured by myeloperoxidase (MPO) assay. Levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α were measured using real-time PCR and ELISA assays, and IκB and NF-kB protein levels were measured by western blotting. Result: Disease Activity Index (DAI) scores and MPO activity were reduced in TMLP-treated mice, and colon length increased as much as normal mice. Pathologic changes in the colon tissues of DSS-induced mice were attenuated, and the expression of inflammatory cytokine genes IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α decreased. Concomitant decreases in the protein expression of IL-1β and IL-6 were confirmed using ELISA. Western blotting revealed that levels of phosphorylated forms of IκB and NF-κB also decreased. Conclusion: These results show that feeding TMLP to DSS-induced mice inhibited the typical inflammatory pathway of colitis. Therefore, TMLP shows potential as a food additive that can help treat colitis. .
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Mice ; Tenebrio/metabolism ; Dextrans ; Powders/pharmacology ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism ; Larva/metabolism ; Interleukin-6/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Colitis/chemically induced ; Colitis/drug therapy ; Colitis, Ulcerative/chemically induced ; Colitis, Ulcerative/drug therapy ; Colon/metabolism ; NF-kappa B/metabolism ; Dextran Sulfate/toxicity ; Disease Models, Animal
Chemical Substances	Dextrans ; Powders ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; sodium sulfate (0YPR65R21J) ; Interleukin-6 ; NF-kappa B ; Dextran Sulfate (9042-14-2)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-01
Publishing country	Thailand
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2218955-5
ISSN	2476-762X ; 1513-7368
ISSN (online)	2476-762X
ISSN	1513-7368
DOI	10.31557/APJCP.2023.24.5.1751
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Article ; Online: Comparison of efficacy and safety between third-dose triple and third-dose dual antihypertensive combination therapies in patients with hypertension.

Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.)

2023 Volume 25, Issue 5, Page(s) 429–439

Abstract: We compared the efficacy and safety of third-standard-dose triple and third-standard-dose dual antihypertensive combination therapies in patients with mild to moderate hypertension. This was a phase II multicenter, randomized, double-blind, parallel- ... ...

Abstract	We compared the efficacy and safety of third-standard-dose triple and third-standard-dose dual antihypertensive combination therapies in patients with mild to moderate hypertension. This was a phase II multicenter, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group trial. After a 4-week placebo run-in period, 245 participants were randomized to the third-dose triple combination (ALC group; amlodipine 1.67 mg + losartan potassium 16.67 mg + chlorthalidone 4.17 mg) or third-dose dual combination (AL group; amlodipine 1.67 mg + losartan potassium 16.67 mg, LC group; losartan potassium 16.67 mg + chlorthalidone 4.17 mg, AC group; amlodipine 1.67 mg + chlorthalidone 4.17 mg) therapy groups and followed up for 8 weeks. The mean systolic blood pressure (BP) reduction was -18.3 ± 13.2, -13.0 ± 13.3, -16.3 ± 12.4, and -13.8 ± 13.2 mmHg in the ALC, AL, LC, and AC groups, respectively. The ALC group showed significant systolic BP reduction compared to the AL and AC groups at weeks 4 (P = .010 and P = .018, respectively) and 8 (P = .017 and P = .036, respectively). At week 4, the proportion of systolic BP responders was significantly higher in the ALC group (42.6%) than in the AL (22.0%), LC (23.3%), and AC (27.1%) groups (P = .013, P = .021, and P = .045, respectively). At week 8, the proportion of systolic and diastolic BP responders was significantly higher in the ALC group (59.7%) than in the AL (39.3%) and AC (42.4%) groups (P = .022 and P = .049, respectively) at week 8. Third-standard-dose triple antihypertensive combination therapy demonstrated early effective BP control compared to third-standard-dose dual combination therapies, without increasing adverse drug reactions in patients with mild-to-moderate hypertension.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Antihypertensive Agents/adverse effects ; Hypertension ; Losartan ; Chlorthalidone ; Amlodipine ; Blood Pressure ; Hypotension/chemically induced ; Double-Blind Method ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Treatment Outcome
Chemical Substances	Antihypertensive Agents ; Losartan (JMS50MPO89) ; Chlorthalidone (Q0MQD1073Q) ; Amlodipine (1J444QC288)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-24
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Randomized Controlled Trial ; Multicenter Study ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2077222-1
ISSN	1751-7176 ; 1524-6175
ISSN (online)	1751-7176
ISSN	1524-6175
DOI	10.1111/jch.14656
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Zs.A 5723: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Personal Identification Using an Ensemble Approach of 1D-LSTM and 2D-CNN with Electrocardiogram Signals

Jin-A Lee / Keun-Chang Kwak

Applied Sciences, Vol 12, Iss 2692, p

2022 Volume 2692

Abstract: Conventional personal identification methods (ID, password, authorization certificate, etc.) entail various issues, including forgery or loss. Technological advances and the diffusion across industries have enhanced convenience; however, privacy risks ... ...

Abstract	Conventional personal identification methods (ID, password, authorization certificate, etc.) entail various issues, including forgery or loss. Technological advances and the diffusion across industries have enhanced convenience; however, privacy risks due to security attacks are increasing. Hence, personal identification based on biometrics such as the face, iris, fingerprints, and veins has been used widely. However, biometric information including faces and fingerprints is difficult to apply in industries requiring high-level security, owing to tampering or forgery risks and recognition errors. This paper proposes a personal identification technique based on an ensemble of long short-term memory (LSTM) and convolutional neural network (CNN) that uses electrocardiograms (ECGs). An ECG uses internal biometric information, representing the heart rate in signals using microcurrents and thereby including noises during measurements. This noise is removed using filters in a preprocessing step, and the signals are divided into cycles with respect to R-peaks for extracting features. LSTM is used to perform personal identification using ECG signals; 1D ECG signals are transformed into the time–frequency domain using STFT, scalogram, FSST, and WSST; and a 2D-CNN is used to perform personal identification. This ensemble of two models is used to attain higher performances than LSTM or 2D-CNN. Results reveal a performance improvement of 1.06–3.75%.
Keywords	personal identification ; electrocardiogram signals ; deep learning ; long short-term memory ; convolutional neural network ; ensemble approach ; Technology ; T ; Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ; TA1-2040 ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5 ; Physics ; QC1-999 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
Subject code	006
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Phylogenomics-Based Reconstruction and Molecular Evolutionary Histories of Brassica Photoreceptor Gene Families

Muthusamy Muthusamy / Jin-A Kim / Soo-In Lee

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 23, Iss 8695, p

2022 Volume 8695

Abstract: Photosensory proteins known as photoreceptors (PHRs) are crucial for delineating light environments in synchronization with other environmental cues and regulating their physiological variables in plants. However, this has not been well studied in the ... ...

Abstract	Photosensory proteins known as photoreceptors (PHRs) are crucial for delineating light environments in synchronization with other environmental cues and regulating their physiological variables in plants. However, this has not been well studied in the Brassica genus, which includes several important agricultural and horticultural crops. Herein, we identified five major PHR gene families—phytochrome (PHY), cryptochrome (CRY), phototropin (PHOT), F-box containing flavin binding proteins (ZTL/FKF1/LKP2), and UV RESISTANCE LOCUS 8 (UVR8)—genomic scales and classified them into subfamilies based on their phylogenetic clustering with Arabidopsis homologues. The molecular evolution characteristics of Brassica PHR members indicated indirect expansion and lost one to six gene copies at subfamily levels. The segmental duplication was possibly the driving force of the evolution and amplification of Brassica PHRs. Gene replication retention and gene loss events of CRY, PHY, and PHOT members found in diploid progenitors were highly conserved in their tetraploid hybrids. However, hybridization events were attributed to quantitative changes in UVR8 and ZTL/FKF1/LKP2 members. All PHR members underwent purifying selection. In addition, the transcript expression profiles of PHR genes in different tissue and in response to exogenous ABA, and abiotic stress conditions suggested their multiple biological significance. This study is helpful in understanding the molecular evolution characteristics of Brassica PHRs and lays the foundation for their functional characterization.
Keywords	photoreceptor ; Brassica ; phytochrome ; cryptochrome ; phototropin ; UVR8 ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
Subject code	580
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-08-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: BVN008, Diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis combined vaccine has no effects on fertility and prenatal and postnatal developmental toxicity in female Sprague-Dawley rats.

Lee, Joo-Young / Lee, Jin-A / Lee, Hyun-Kul / Kim, Yun-Bae / Lee, Sang-Mi / Nam, Chun-Ja

Reproductive toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.)

2024 Volume 126, Page(s) 108587

Abstract: Tdap is an acronym for tetanus(T), diphtheria(D), and acellular pertussis(aP), and is a preventive vaccine that combines vaccines against three diseases. BVN008 is a Tdap vaccine designed to protect against three diseases: diphtheria, tetanus, and ... ...

Abstract	Tdap is an acronym for tetanus(T), diphtheria(D), and acellular pertussis(aP), and is a preventive vaccine that combines vaccines against three diseases. BVN008 is a Tdap vaccine designed to protect against three diseases: diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis. The lower-case "d" and "p" in Td and Tdap means these vaccines use smaller amounts of diphtheria and whooping cough. The lower doses are appropriate for adolescents and adults. The purpose of this study was to identify adverse effects in pregnant or lactating female Sprague-Dawley rats including maternal fertility and toxicity, and development of the embryos, fetus, and pups following intramuscular administration of BVN008. Two groups of 50 female Sprague-Dawley rats were administered four or five intramuscular injections of the vaccine (human dose of 0.5 mL at 4 and 2 weeks before pairing, on gestation day (GD) 8 and 15, and lactation day (LD) 7. A negative control group was administered 0.9% saline at the same dose four or five times. There were no adverse effects on fertility, reproductive performance, or maternal toxicity of the F0 females. There was no effect of developmental toxicity in F1 fetuses and pups including fetal body weight and morphology, postnatal growth, development, and behavior until weaning. Antibodies against tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis were transferred to the F1 fetuses and F1 pups via placenta and milk. These results demonstrate that BVN008 had no detectable adverse effects in either the F0 female rats, the F1 fetuses or pups.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-24
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	639342-1
ISSN	1873-1708 ; 0890-6238
ISSN (online)	1873-1708
ISSN	0890-6238
DOI	10.1016/j.reprotox.2024.108587
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Article ; Online: Phylogenomics-Based Reconstruction and Molecular Evolutionary Histories of Brassica Photoreceptor Gene Families.

Muthusamy, Muthusamy / Kim, Jin-A / Lee, Soo-In

International journal of molecular sciences

2022 Volume 23, Issue 15

Abstract	Photosensory proteins known as photoreceptors (PHRs) are crucial for delineating light environments in synchronization with other environmental cues and regulating their physiological variables in plants. However, this has not been well studied in the Brassica genus, which includes several important agricultural and horticultural crops. Herein, we identified five major PHR gene families-phytochrome (PHY), cryptochrome (CRY), phototropin (PHOT), F-box containing flavin binding proteins (ZTL/FKF1/LKP2), and UV RESISTANCE LOCUS 8 (UVR8)-genomic scales and classified them into subfamilies based on their phylogenetic clustering with Arabidopsis homologues. The molecular evolution characteristics of Brassica PHR members indicated indirect expansion and lost one to six gene copies at subfamily levels. The segmental duplication was possibly the driving force of the evolution and amplification of Brassica PHRs. Gene replication retention and gene loss events of CRY, PHY, and PHOT members found in diploid progenitors were highly conserved in their tetraploid hybrids. However, hybridization events were attributed to quantitative changes in UVR8 and ZTL/FKF1/LKP2 members. All PHR members underwent purifying selection. In addition, the transcript expression profiles of PHR genes in different tissue and in response to exogenous ABA, and abiotic stress conditions suggested their multiple biological significance. This study is helpful in understanding the molecular evolution characteristics of Brassica PHRs and lays the foundation for their functional characterization.
MeSH term(s)	Arabidopsis/genetics ; Arabidopsis Proteins/genetics ; Brassica/genetics ; Brassica/metabolism ; Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone/metabolism ; Cryptochromes/genetics ; Evolution, Molecular ; F-Box Proteins/genetics ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Phototropins/genetics ; Phylogeny ; Phytochrome/metabolism ; Plant Proteins/genetics ; Plant Proteins/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Arabidopsis Proteins ; Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone ; Cryptochromes ; F-Box Proteins ; FKF1 protein, Arabidopsis ; LKP2 protein, Arabidopsis ; Phototropins ; Plant Proteins ; Uvr8 protein, Arabidopsis ; ZTL protein, Arabidopsis ; Phytochrome (11121-56-5)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-08-04
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2019364-6
ISSN	1422-0067 ; 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
ISSN (online)	1422-0067
ISSN	1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
DOI	10.3390/ijms23158695
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Article ; Online: Insight into the potential candidate genes and signaling pathways involved in lymphoma disease in dogs using a comprehensive whole blood transcriptome analysis.

Sheet, Sunirmal / Oh, Ye-In / Arora, Devender / Choi, Bong-Hwan / Ko, Minjeong / Nam, Yelin / Lim, Youngjo / Lim, Jin-A / Park, Mirim / Park, Woncheoul / Seo, Kyoung-Won / Lee, Kyung-Tai

Gene

2022 Volume 838, Page(s) 146735

Abstract: Lymphoma is one of the most prevalent hematological cancers, accounting for 15-20 % of new cancer diagnoses in dogs. Therefore, this study aims to explore the important genes and pathways involved in canine lymphoma progression and understand the ... ...

Abstract	Lymphoma is one of the most prevalent hematological cancers, accounting for 15-20 % of new cancer diagnoses in dogs. Therefore, this study aims to explore the important genes and pathways involved in canine lymphoma progression and understand the underlying molecular mechanisms using RNA sequencing. In this study, RNAs acquired from seven pairs of lymphoma and non-lymphoma blood samples were sequenced from different breeds of dogs. Sequencing reads were preprocessed, aligned with the reference genome, assembled and expressions were estimated through bioinformatics approaches. At a false discovery rate (FDR) < 0.05 and fold change (FC) ≥ 1.5, a total of 625 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between lymphoma and non-lymphoma samples, including 347 up-regulated DEGs such as SLC38A11, SCN3A, ZIC5 etc. and 278 down-regulated DEGs such as LOC475937, CSMD1, KRT14 etc. GO enrichment analysis showed that these DEGs were highly enriched for molecular function of ATP binding and calcium ion binding, cellular process of focal adhesion, and biological process of immune response, and defense response to virus. Similarly, KEGG pathways analysis revealed 11 significantly enriched pathways such as ECM-receptor interaction, cell cycle, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, ABC transporters etc. In the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, CDK1 was found to be a top hub gene with highest degree of connectivity. Three modules selected from the PPI network showed that canine lymphoma was highly associated with cell cycle, ECM-receptor interaction, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, dilated cardiomyopathy and RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathway. Overall, our findings highlighted new candidate therapeutic targets for further testing in canine lymphoma and facilitate the understanding of molecular mechanism of lymphoma's progression in dogs.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Computational Biology ; Dogs ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Gene Regulatory Networks ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/genetics ; Protein Interaction Maps/genetics ; Signal Transduction/genetics ; Transcriptome
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-07-12
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	391792-7
ISSN	1879-0038 ; 0378-1119
ISSN (online)	1879-0038
ISSN	0378-1119
DOI	10.1016/j.gene.2022.146735
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Zs.A 1357: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Non-muscle MYH10/myosin IIB recruits ESCRT-III to participate in autophagosome closure to maintain neuronal homeostasis.

Jun, Yong-Woo / Lee, Soojin / Ban, Byung-Kwan / Lee, Jin-A / Gao, Fen-Biao

Autophagy

2023 Volume 19, Issue 7, Page(s) 2045–2061

Abstract: Dysfunction of the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) has been linked to frontotemporal dementia (FTD) due in part to the accumulation of unsealed autophagosomes. However, the mechanisms of ESCRT-mediated membrane closure events on ... ...

Abstract	Dysfunction of the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) has been linked to frontotemporal dementia (FTD) due in part to the accumulation of unsealed autophagosomes. However, the mechanisms of ESCRT-mediated membrane closure events on phagophores remain largely unknown. In this study, we found that partial knockdown of non-muscle MYH10/myosin IIB/zip rescues neurodegeneration in both
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Autophagosomes/metabolism ; Endosomal Sorting Complexes Required for Transport/metabolism ; Frontotemporal Dementia/genetics ; Frontotemporal Dementia/metabolism ; Nonmuscle Myosin Type IIB/metabolism ; Autophagy/physiology ; Neurons/metabolism ; Homeostasis
Chemical Substances	Endosomal Sorting Complexes Required for Transport ; Nonmuscle Myosin Type IIB (EC 3.6.1.-)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-27
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2454135-7
ISSN	1554-8635 ; 1554-8627
ISSN (online)	1554-8635
ISSN	1554-8627
DOI	10.1080/15548627.2023.2169309
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Zs.A 6741: Show issues

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Article: Insight into the potential candidate genes and signaling pathways involved in lymphoma disease in dogs using a comprehensive whole blood transcriptome analysis

Sheet, Sunirmal / Oh, Ye-In / Arora, Devender / Choi, Bong-Hwan / Ko, Minjeong / Nam, Yelin / Lim, Youngjo / Lim, Jin-A / Park, Mirim / Park, Woncheoul / Seo, Kyoung-Won / Lee, Kyung-Tai

Gene. 2022 Sept. 05, v. 838

2022

Abstract: Lymphoma is one of the most prevalent hematological cancers, accounting for 15–20 % of new cancer diagnoses in dogs. Therefore, this study aims to explore the important genes and pathways involved in canine lymphoma progression and understand the ... ...

Abstract	Lymphoma is one of the most prevalent hematological cancers, accounting for 15–20 % of new cancer diagnoses in dogs. Therefore, this study aims to explore the important genes and pathways involved in canine lymphoma progression and understand the underlying molecular mechanisms using RNA sequencing. In this study, RNAs acquired from seven pairs of lymphoma and non-lymphoma blood samples were sequenced from different breeds of dogs. Sequencing reads were preprocessed, aligned with the reference genome, assembled and expressions were estimated through bioinformatics approaches. At a false discovery rate (FDR) < 0.05 and fold change (FC) ≥ 1.5, a total of 625 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between lymphoma and non–lymphoma samples, including 347 up-regulated DEGs such as SLC38A11, SCN3A, ZIC5 etc. and 278 down-regulated DEGs such as LOC475937, CSMD1, KRT14 etc. GO enrichment analysis showed that these DEGs were highly enriched for molecular function of ATP binding and calcium ion binding, cellular process of focal adhesion, and biological process of immune response, and defense response to virus. Similarly, KEGG pathways analysis revealed 11 significantly enriched pathways such as ECM-receptor interaction, cell cycle, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, ABC transporters etc. In the protein–protein interaction (PPI) network, CDK1 was found to be a top hub gene with highest degree of connectivity. Three modules selected from the PPI network showed that canine lymphoma was highly associated with cell cycle, ECM-receptor interaction, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, dilated cardiomyopathy and RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathway. Overall, our findings highlighted new candidate therapeutic targets for further testing in canine lymphoma and facilitate the understanding of molecular mechanism of lymphoma’s progression in dogs.
Keywords	RNA ; bioinformatics ; blood ; calcium ; cardiomyopathy ; cell cycle ; dogs ; focal adhesions ; gene expression regulation ; genes ; immune response ; lymphoma ; protein-protein interactions ; therapeutics ; transcriptomics ; viruses
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-0905
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	391792-7
ISSN	1879-0038 ; 0378-1119
ISSN (online)	1879-0038
ISSN	0378-1119
DOI	10.1016/j.gene.2022.146735
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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