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  1. Article: Impact of Obesity on Vaccination to SARS-CoV-2.

    Nasr, Michaella-Jana C / Geerling, Elizabeth / Pinto, Amelia K

    Frontiers in endocrinology

    2022  Volume 13, Page(s) 898810

    Abstract: To combat the immense toll on global public health induced by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), new vaccines were developed. While these vaccines have protected the populations who received them from severe SARS-CoV-2 ... ...

    Abstract To combat the immense toll on global public health induced by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), new vaccines were developed. While these vaccines have protected the populations who received them from severe SARS-CoV-2 infection, the effectiveness and durability of these vaccines in individuals with obesity are not fully understood. Our uncertainty of the ability of these novel vaccines to induce protective immunity in humans with obesity stems from historical data that revealed obesity-associated immune defects to influenza vaccines. This review analyzes the efficacy of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in humans with obesity. According to the vaccine safety and efficacy information for the Pfizer, Moderna, and Johnson & Johnson formulations, these vaccines showed a similar efficacy in both individuals with and without obesity. However, clinical trials that assess BMI and central obesity showed that induced antibody titers are lower in individuals with obesity when compared to healthy weight subjects, highlighting a potential early waning of vaccine-induced antibodies linked to obesity rates. Thus, the desired protective effects of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination were potentially diminished in humans with obesity when compared to the healthy weight population, but further studies outlining functional implications of the link between obesity and lower antibody titers need to be conducted to understand the full impact of this immune phenomenon. Further, additional research must be completed to truly understand the immune responses mounted against SARS-CoV-2 in patients with obesity, and whether these responses differ from those elicited by previously studied influenza viruses.
    MeSH term(s) Antibodies, Viral ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; Humans ; Obesity/complications ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Vaccination ; Viral Vaccines
    Chemical Substances Antibodies, Viral ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; Viral Vaccines
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-06-20
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 2592084-4
    ISSN 1664-2392
    ISSN 1664-2392
    DOI 10.3389/fendo.2022.898810
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Relationships between personality, emotional well-being, self-efficacy and weight management among adults with type 2 diabetes: Results from a cross-sectional survey.

    Geerling, Ralph / Anglim, Jeromy / Kothe, Emily J / Schram, Miranda T / Holmes-Truscott, Elizabeth / Speight, Jane

    PloS one

    2023  Volume 18, Issue 10, Page(s) e0292553

    Abstract: The objective of this study was to examine the associations between personality, general and diabetes-specific well-being and self-efficacy, and weight management indicators, among adults with type 2 diabetes. In addition, to examine whether personality ... ...

    Abstract The objective of this study was to examine the associations between personality, general and diabetes-specific well-being and self-efficacy, and weight management indicators, among adults with type 2 diabetes. In addition, to examine whether personality provides incremental explanation of variance in weight management indicators. Australian adults with type 2 diabetes (N = 270; 56% women; age: 61±12 years) were recruited via the national diabetes registry. An online survey included measures of: personality (HEXACO-PI-R), weight management indicators (physical activity, healthy diet, body mass index [BMI]), general well-being (WHO-5), general self-efficacy (GSE), diabetes distress (DDS) and diabetes self-efficacy (DMSES). Analyses included bivariate correlations and linear regression, adjusted for demographic, clinical, and psychological variables. All six personality domains showed significant correlation with at least one weight management indicator: physical activity with extraversion (r = .28), conscientiousness (r = .18) and openness (r = .19); healthy diet with honesty-humility (r = .19), extraversion (r = .24), and agreeableness (r = .14); and BMI with emotionality (r = .20) and extraversion (r = -.20). The strongest associations with general and diabetes-specific well-being and self-efficacy were apparent for extraversion, emotionality and conscientiousness (range: r = -.47-.66). Beyond covariates, personality domains explained additional variance for physical activity (Adjusted R2 = .31, R2 difference = .03, p = .03; openness: β = .16, p = .02, emotionality: β = .15, p = .04) and healthy diet (Adjusted R2 = .19, R2 difference = .03, p = .02; honesty-humility: β = .20, p = .002, extraversion: β = .19, p = .04) but not BMI. This study shows that personality is associated with weight management indicators and psychological factors among adults with type 2 diabetes. Further research is needed, including objective measurement of weight management indictors, to examine how personality influences the experience of type 2 diabetes.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Adult ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Aged ; Male ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/therapy ; Self Efficacy ; Australia ; Personality ; Surveys and Questionnaires
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-10-30
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2267670-3
    ISSN 1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
    ISSN (online) 1932-6203
    ISSN 1932-6203
    DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0292553
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: 'I need someone to believe in me and walk the journey with me': A qualitative analysis of preferred approaches to weight management discussions in clinical care among adults with type 2 diabetes.

    Geerling, Ralph / Gray, Shikha M / Holmes-Truscott, Elizabeth / Speight, Jane

    Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association

    2022  Volume 39, Issue 3, Page(s) e14790

    Abstract: Aims: To explore the preferences of adults with type 2 diabetes regarding the approach to weight management discussions in clinical care.: Methods: Online survey of Australian adults with type 2 diabetes, recruited via a national diabetes registry. ... ...

    Abstract Aims: To explore the preferences of adults with type 2 diabetes regarding the approach to weight management discussions in clinical care.
    Methods: Online survey of Australian adults with type 2 diabetes, recruited via a national diabetes registry. Three open-ended questions explored participants' experiences and ideal approach to discussing weight management with health professionals. Data subjected to inductive thematic template analysis.
    Results: Participants were 254 adults, 58% aged 60+ years, 52% women and 35% insulin-treated. Five themes were developed to categorise participants' preferences for, as well as differing experiences of, weight management discussions: (1) collaborative, person-centred care: working together to make decisions and achieve outcomes, taking personal context into consideration; (2) balanced communication: open, clear messages encouraging action, empathy and kindness; (3) quality advice: knowledgeable health professionals, providing specific details or instructions; (4) weight management intervention: suitable modalities to address weight management and (5) system-wide support: referral and access to appropriate multi-disciplinary care.
    Conclusions: Participants expressed preferences for discussing weight management in collaborative, person-centred consultations, with quality advice and personalised interventions across the health system, delivered with empathy. By adopting these recommendations, health professionals may build constructive partnerships with adults with type 2 diabetes and foster weight management.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Australia ; Communication ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Patient Participation ; Patient Preference ; Patient-Centered Care/methods ; Physician-Patient Relations ; Qualitative Research ; Weight Loss ; Young Adult
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-01-22
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 605769-x
    ISSN 1464-5491 ; 0742-3071 ; 1466-5468
    ISSN (online) 1464-5491
    ISSN 0742-3071 ; 1466-5468
    DOI 10.1111/dme.14790
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Personality and weight management in adults with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review.

    Geerling, Ralph / Kothe, Emily J / Anglim, Jeromy / Emerson, Catherine / Holmes-Truscott, Elizabeth / Speight, Jane

    Frontiers in clinical diabetes and healthcare

    2022  Volume 3, Page(s) 1044005

    Abstract: Aims: Managing weight in the context of type 2 diabetes presents unique hormonal, medicinal, behavioural and psychological challenges. The relationship between weight management and personality has previously been reviewed for general and cardiovascular ...

    Abstract Aims: Managing weight in the context of type 2 diabetes presents unique hormonal, medicinal, behavioural and psychological challenges. The relationship between weight management and personality has previously been reviewed for general and cardiovascular disease populations but is less well understood in diabetes. This systematic review investigated the relationship between personality constructs and weight management outcomes and behaviours among adults with type 2 diabetes.
    Methods: Medline, PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO and SPORTDiscus databases were searched to July 2021. Eligibility: empirical quantitative studies; English language; adults with type 2 diabetes; investigation of personality-weight management association. Search terms included variants of: diabetes, physical activity, diet, body mass index (BMI), adiposity, personality constructs and validated scales. A narrative synthesis, with quality assessment, was conducted.
    Results: Seventeen studies were identified: nine cross-sectional, six cohort and two randomised controlled trials (N=6,672 participants, range: 30-1,553). Three studies had a low risk of bias. Personality measurement varied. The Big Five and Type D personality constructs were the most common measures. Higher emotional instability (neuroticism, negative affect, anxiety, unmitigated communion and external locus of control) was negatively associated with healthy diet and physical activity, and positively associated with BMI. Conscientiousness had positive associations with healthy diet and physical activity and negative associations with BMI and anthropometric indices.
    Conclusions: Among adults with type 2 diabetes, evidence exists of a relationship between weight management and personality, specifically, negative emotionality and conscientiousness. Consideration of personality may be important for optimising weight management and further research is warranted.
    Systematic review registration: www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD42019111002.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-11-11
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Systematic Review
    ISSN 2673-6616
    ISSN (online) 2673-6616
    DOI 10.3389/fcdhc.2022.1044005
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Immune response to arbovirus infection in obesity.

    Hameed, Muddassar / Geerling, Elizabeth / Pinto, Amelia K / Miraj, Iqra / Weger-Lucarelli, James

    Frontiers in immunology

    2022  Volume 13, Page(s) 968582

    Abstract: Obesity is a global health problem that affects 650 million people worldwide and leads to diverse changes in host immunity. Individuals with obesity experience an increase in the size and the number of adipocytes, which function as an endocrine organ and ...

    Abstract Obesity is a global health problem that affects 650 million people worldwide and leads to diverse changes in host immunity. Individuals with obesity experience an increase in the size and the number of adipocytes, which function as an endocrine organ and release various adipocytokines such as leptin and adiponectin that exert wide ranging effects on other cells. In individuals with obesity, macrophages account for up to 40% of adipose tissue (AT) cells, three times more than in adipose tissue (10%) of healthy weight individuals and secrete several cytokines and chemokines such as interleukin (IL)-1β, chemokine C-C ligand (CCL)-2, IL-6, CCL5, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, leading to the development of inflammation. Overall, obesity-derived cytokines strongly affect immune responses and make patients with obesity more prone to severe symptoms than patients with a healthy weight. Several epidemiological studies reported a strong association between obesity and severe arthropod-borne virus (arbovirus) infections such as dengue virus (DENV), chikungunya virus (CHIKV), West Nile virus (WNV), and Sindbis virus (SINV). Recently, experimental investigations found that DENV, WNV, CHIKV and Mayaro virus (MAYV) infections cause worsened disease outcomes in infected diet induced obese (DIO) mice groups compared to infected healthy-weight animals. The mechanisms leading to higher susceptibility to severe infections in individuals with obesity remain unknown, though a better understanding of the causes will help scientists and clinicians develop host directed therapies to treat severe disease. In this review article, we summarize the effects of obesity on the host immune response in the context of arboviral infections. We have outlined that obesity makes the host more susceptible to infectious agents, likely by disrupting the functions of innate and adaptive immune cells. We have also discussed the immune response of DIO mouse models against some important arboviruses such as CHIKV, MAYV, DENV, and WNV. We can speculate that obesity-induced disruption of innate and adaptive immune cell function in arboviral infections ultimately affects the course of arboviral disease. Therefore, further studies are needed to explore the cellular and molecular aspects of immunity that are compromised in obesity during arboviral infections or vaccination, which will be helpful in developing specific therapeutic/prophylactic interventions to prevent immunopathology and disease progression in individuals with obesity.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Mice ; Arbovirus Infections ; Obesity ; Mice, Obese ; Chikungunya virus ; West Nile virus ; Immunity
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-11-18
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2606827-8
    ISSN 1664-3224 ; 1664-3224
    ISSN (online) 1664-3224
    ISSN 1664-3224
    DOI 10.3389/fimmu.2022.968582
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article: Current Flavivirus Research Important for Vaccine Development.

    Geerling, Elizabeth / Steffen, Tara L / Brien, James D / Pinto, Amelia K

    Vaccines

    2020  Volume 8, Issue 3

    Abstract: The Flaviviridae family of RNA viruses includes numerous human disease-causing pathogens that largely are increasing in prevalence due to continual climate change, rising population sizes and improved ease of global travel [ ... ]. ...

    Abstract The Flaviviridae family of RNA viruses includes numerous human disease-causing pathogens that largely are increasing in prevalence due to continual climate change, rising population sizes and improved ease of global travel [...].
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-08-27
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Editorial
    ZDB-ID 2703319-3
    ISSN 2076-393X
    ISSN 2076-393X
    DOI 10.3390/vaccines8030477
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Relationships between personality, emotional well-being, self-efficacy and weight management among adults with type 2 diabetes

    Ralph Geerling / Jeromy Anglim / Emily J. Kothe / Miranda T. Schram / Elizabeth Holmes-Truscott / Jane Speight

    PLoS ONE, Vol 18, Iss

    Results from a cross-sectional survey

    2023  Volume 10

    Keywords Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Public Library of Science (PLoS)
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  8. Article ; Online: High levels of androgens cause chondrocyte accumulation and loss of smooth muscle in the mouse penile body†.

    Hiremath, Deepak S / Geerling, Elizabeth C / Hai, Lan / Narayan, Prema

    Biology of reproduction

    2020  Volume 102, Issue 6, Page(s) 1225–1233

    Abstract: Androgens are essential for penile development and for maintaining penile structural and functional integrity. Loss of androgen levels or function results in a decrease in smooth muscle content, accumulation of adipocytes in the corpora cavernosa, and ... ...

    Abstract Androgens are essential for penile development and for maintaining penile structural and functional integrity. Loss of androgen levels or function results in a decrease in smooth muscle content, accumulation of adipocytes in the corpora cavernosa, and inhibition of erectile function. Our previous studies with a mouse model (KiLHRD582G) of constitutive luteinizing hormone receptor activity also showed structural abnormalities in the penis caused by a decrease in smooth muscle content, accumulation of chondrocytes, and sexual dysfunction. As KiLHRD582G mice exhibit very high levels of testosterone at all postnatal ages, the goal of this study was to determine if the elevated androgen levels were responsible for the morphological changes in the penis. Implantation of testosterone capsules in wild-type mice at neonatal (2 weeks) and postpubertal (5 weeks) ages resulted in the accumulation of chondrocytes in the corpora cavernosa of the adult animals. Mice implanted with testosterone capsules at 2 weeks of age exhibited a 4-fold increase in serum testosterone with a 1.5-fold loss of smooth muscle at 24 weeks of age. Collagen content was unchanged. Only 57% of testosterone implanted mice were fertile at 24 weeks of age. Mice implanted with testosterone capsules at 5 weeks of age showed no decrease in smooth muscle content at 24 weeks, although serum testosterone levels were elevated 5-fold. Implantation with dihydrotestosterone also resulted in chondrocyte accumulation and a 2-fold loss in smooth muscle content. Together, these studies demonstrate that supraphysiological levels of androgens cause structural changes in the penile corpora cavernosa and impair fertility.
    MeSH term(s) Aging ; Androgens/administration & dosage ; Androgens/adverse effects ; Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Chondrocytes/drug effects ; Chondrocytes/physiology ; Drug Implants ; Fertility ; Male ; Mice ; Muscle, Smooth/drug effects ; Muscle, Smooth/growth & development ; Penis/drug effects ; Sexual Maturation ; Testosterone/administration & dosage ; Testosterone/adverse effects
    Chemical Substances Androgens ; Drug Implants ; Testosterone (3XMK78S47O)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-02-17
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1118-6
    ISSN 1529-7268 ; 0006-3363
    ISSN (online) 1529-7268
    ISSN 0006-3363
    DOI 10.1093/biolre/ioaa023
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article: CD4+ and CD8+ T cells are required to prevent SARS-CoV-2 persistence in the nasal compartment.

    Kar, Meenakshi / Johnson, Katherine E E / Vanderheiden, Abigail / Elrod, Elizabeth J / Floyd, Katharine / Geerling, Elizabeth / Stone, E Taylor / Salinas, Eduardo / Banakis, Stephanie / Wang, Wei / Sathish, Shruti / Shrihari, Swathi / Davis-Gardner, Meredith E / Kohlmeier, Jacob / Pinto, Amelia / Klein, Robyn / Grakoui, Arash / Ghedin, Elodie / Suthar, Mehul S

    bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology

    2024  

    Abstract: SARS-CoV-2 is the causative agent of COVID-19 and continues to pose a significant public health threat throughout the world. Following SARS-CoV-2 infection, virus-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells are rapidly generated to form effector and memory cells and ... ...

    Abstract SARS-CoV-2 is the causative agent of COVID-19 and continues to pose a significant public health threat throughout the world. Following SARS-CoV-2 infection, virus-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells are rapidly generated to form effector and memory cells and persist in the blood for several months. However, the contribution of T cells in controlling SARS-CoV-2 infection within the respiratory tract are not well understood. Using C57BL/6 mice infected with a naturally occurring SARS-CoV-2 variant (B.1.351), we evaluated the role of T cells in the upper and lower respiratory tract. Following infection, SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells are recruited to the respiratory tract and a vast proportion secrete the cytotoxic molecule Granzyme B. Using antibodies to deplete T cells prior to infection, we found that CD4+ and CD8+ T cells play distinct roles in the upper and lower respiratory tract. In the lungs, T cells play a minimal role in viral control with viral clearance occurring in the absence of both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells through 28 days post-infection. In the nasal compartment, depletion of both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, but not individually, results in persistent and culturable virus replicating in the nasal compartment through 28 days post-infection. Using
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-24
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Preprint
    DOI 10.1101/2024.01.23.576505
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Obesity Enhances Disease Severity in Female Mice Following West Nile Virus Infection.

    Geerling, Elizabeth / Stone, E Taylor / Steffen, Tara L / Hassert, Mariah / Brien, James D / Pinto, Amelia K

    Frontiers in immunology

    2021  Volume 12, Page(s) 739025

    Abstract: A rise in adiposity in the United States has resulted in more than 70% of adults being overweight or obese, and global obesity rates have tripled since 1975. Following the 2009 H1N1 pandemic, obesity was characterized as a risk factor that could predict ... ...

    Abstract A rise in adiposity in the United States has resulted in more than 70% of adults being overweight or obese, and global obesity rates have tripled since 1975. Following the 2009 H1N1 pandemic, obesity was characterized as a risk factor that could predict severe infection outcomes to viral infection. Amidst the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, obesity has remained a significant risk factor for severe viral disease as obese patients have a higher likelihood for developing severe symptoms and requiring hospitalization. However, the mechanism by which obesity enhances viral disease is unknown. In this study, we utilized a diet-induced obesity mouse model of West Nile virus (WNV) infection, a flavivirus that cycles between birds and mosquitoes and incidentally infects both humans and mice. Likelihood for severe WNV disease is associated with risk factors such as diabetes that are comorbidities also linked to obesity. Utilizing this model, we showed that obesity-associated chronic inflammation increased viral disease severity as obese female mice displayed higher mortality rates and elevated viral titers in the central nervous system. In addition, our studies highlighted that obesity also dysregulates host acute adaptive immune responses, as obese female mice displayed significant dysfunction in neutralizing antibody function. These studies highlight that obesity-induced immunological dysfunction begins at early time points post infection and is sustained through memory phase, thus illuminating a potential for obesity to alter the differentiation landscape of adaptive immune cells.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Antibodies, Neutralizing/blood ; Antibodies, Viral/blood ; COVID-19/pathology ; Cytokines/blood ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Humans ; Inflammation/pathology ; Liver/injuries ; Liver/pathology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Obesity/immunology ; Obesity/pathology ; Severity of Illness Index ; West Nile Fever/immunology ; West Nile Fever/mortality ; West Nile Fever/pathology ; West Nile virus/immunology
    Chemical Substances Antibodies, Neutralizing ; Antibodies, Viral ; Cytokines
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-08-31
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 2606827-8
    ISSN 1664-3224 ; 1664-3224
    ISSN (online) 1664-3224
    ISSN 1664-3224
    DOI 10.3389/fimmu.2021.739025
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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