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Article: Season of the year, vitamin D and COVID-19.

Kopeček, Miloslav / Höschl, Cyril

2021 Volume 159, Issue 7-8, Page(s) 312–316

Abstract: Vitamin D supplementation reduced the risk of acute respiratory tract infection in two meta-analyses. Mendelian randomization shows a causal effect of low vitamin D on bacterial pneumonias risk. These studies involved patients before COVID-19 pandemic. ... ...

Title translation	Roční období, vitamin D a COVID-19.
Abstract	Vitamin D supplementation reduced the risk of acute respiratory tract infection in two meta-analyses. Mendelian randomization shows a causal effect of low vitamin D on bacterial pneumonias risk. These studies involved patients before COVID-19 pandemic. Several association studies found higher incidence of SARS-CoV-2 positivity, greater COVID-19 severity and higher risk of mortality in vitamin D deficient subjects compared to vitamin D non-deficient controls. We draw attention to the trend of inverse relative COVID-19 mortality in Europe versus the states of the Southern Hemisphere (Australia, Brazil, South Africa) in dependence on season, which may be associated with intensity of ultraviolet radiation and consequent seasonal fluctuation of serum vitamin D levels. Although we cannot yet confirm causal role of vitamin D in SARS-CoV-2 positivity or COVID-19, we recommend consumption of vitamin D rich food or vitamin D supplementation in the non-sunny season to prevent vitamin D deficiency.
MeSH term(s)	COVID-19 ; Europe ; Humans ; Pandemics ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Seasons ; Ultraviolet Rays ; Vitamin D
Chemical Substances	Vitamin D (1406-16-2)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-01-12
Publishing country	Czech Republic
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	413441-2
ISSN	1805-4420 ; 0008-7335
ISSN (online)	1805-4420
ISSN	0008-7335
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Article: Dopamine Receptor Partial Agonists: Do They Differ in Their Clinical Efficacy?

Mohr, Pavel / Masopust, Jirí / Kopeček, Miloslav

Frontiers in psychiatry

2022 Volume 12, Page(s) 781946

Abstract: Dopamine receptor partial agonists (DRPAs; aripiprazole, brexpiprazole, and cariprazine) constitute a novel class of antipsychotics. Although they share a similar mechanism of action, DRPAs differ in their pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, drug ... ...

Abstract	Dopamine receptor partial agonists (DRPAs; aripiprazole, brexpiprazole, and cariprazine) constitute a novel class of antipsychotics. Although they share a similar mechanism of action, DRPAs differ in their pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, drug interactions, or safety and tolerability. The antipsychotic efficacy of all three drugs was established in several placebo-controlled randomized trials (RCTs) in schizophrenia, both acute phase and relapse prevention. In addition, each of the DRPA agents has been tested in other psychiatric disorders, including bipolar disorder or major depression. However, a few studies have examined their comparative clinical efficacy. There are no head-to-head comparisons between aripiprazole, brexpiprazole, or cariprazine. In two acute schizophrenia RCTs of cariprazine and brexpiprazole, aripiprazole was used as an indirect comparator to control for study sensitivity. To assess potential differences in the efficacy of DRPAs, we reviewed data from controlled trials, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses. Our results showed that the acute antipsychotic effects of DRPAs, as measured by the number needed to treat, are comparable. The three agents were superior to placebo in acute treatment, and cariprazine was found to be effective in the reduction of primary negative symptoms of schizophrenia. In the therapy of bipolar disorder, aripiprazole and cariprazine showed antimanic efficacy, cariprazine was also effective in the management of bipolar depression, and aripiprazole was effective for relapse prevention. The addon administration of aripiprazole or brexpiprazole reduced symptoms of major depression. Aripiprazole can control acute agitation associated with psychosis or bipolar disorder; brexpiprazole showed the potential to manage agitation in dementia patients. Aripiprazole has also established evidence of efficacy in children and adolescents and other conditions: OCD, tic disorders, and autism spectrum disorder. Our review of published data suggests that in terms of clinical efficacy, DRPAs are a heterogeneous group, with each drug possessing its own therapeutic benefits.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-25
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2564218-2
ISSN	1664-0640
ISSN	1664-0640
DOI	10.3389/fpsyt.2021.781946
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Article: Increased amisulpride serum concentration in a patient treated with concomitant pregabalin and trazodone: a case report.

Potměšil, Petr / Kostýlková, Lenka / Kopeček, Miloslav

Therapeutic advances in psychopharmacology

2022 Volume 12, Page(s) 20451253221136754

Abstract: We report on the case of a 46-year-old woman with generalized anxiety disorder, paranoid personality disorder, and mild reduction in glomerular filtration rate (GFR). She was treated with pregabalin, trazodone, hydroxyzine, and clonazepam before hospital ...

Abstract	We report on the case of a 46-year-old woman with generalized anxiety disorder, paranoid personality disorder, and mild reduction in glomerular filtration rate (GFR). She was treated with pregabalin, trazodone, hydroxyzine, and clonazepam before hospital admission. Pharmacotherapy for the patient was changed during her first week in the hospital. Dosing of hydroxyzine and clonazepam was gradually decreased, and then these two drugs were withdrawn. Treatment with amisulpride was started on the fourth day after admission, and amisulpride serum levels were then measured three times as a part of therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM). The serum concentration of amisulpride detected during concurrent use of trazodone and pregabalin was approximately twice the therapeutic range for amisulpride. When the dose of pregabalin was reduced by half, the serum concentration of amisulpride decreased to therapeutic serum levels. We hypothesize that an interaction between amisulpride and pregabalin was responsible for the increased amisulpride concentration since both drugs are almost exclusively excreted from the body by the renal route. Pregabalin-amisulpride interaction might also be influenced by concomitant therapy with trazodone or a mild reduction in GFR. However, we only have clinical evidence for an interaction between amisulpride and pregabalin because after we halved the dose of pregabalin, the amisulpride concentration decreased, and the C/D ratio normalized. This could be helpful information for psychiatrists in order to avoid drug-drug interactions between amisulpride and pregabalin. We recommend TDM of amisulpride in patients treated concomitantly with other drugs eliminated mainly by the kidneys.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-11-30
Publishing country	England
Document type	Case Reports
ZDB-ID	2646542-5
ISSN	2045-1261 ; 2045-1253
ISSN (online)	2045-1261
ISSN	2045-1253
DOI	10.1177/20451253221136754
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Article ; Online: Processing speed predicts SuperAging years later.

Ticha, Zuzana / Georgi, Hana / Schmand, Ben / Heissler, Radek / Kopecek, Miloslav

BMC psychology

2023 Volume 11, Issue 1, Page(s) 34

Abstract: Background: SuperAging is one of the current concepts related to elite, resilient or high-functioning cognitive aging. The main aim of our study was to find possible predictors of SuperAgers (SA).: Methods: Community-dwelling older persons (N = 96) ... ...

Abstract	Background: SuperAging is one of the current concepts related to elite, resilient or high-functioning cognitive aging. The main aim of our study was to find possible predictors of SuperAgers (SA). Methods: Community-dwelling older persons (N = 96) aged 80-101 years in 2018 were repeatedly tested (year 2012 and 2018). SA were defined based on their performance in 2018 as persons of 80+ years of age who recalled ≥ 9 words in the delayed recall of the Philadelphia Verbal Learning Test, and had a normal performance in non-memory tasks [the Boston Naming Test, the Trail Making Test Part B, and Category Fluency ("Animals")], which was defined as a score within or above one standard deviation from the age and education appropriate average. Three composite scores (CS; immediate memory, processing speed, and executive functions) were created from the performance in 2012, and analysed as possible predictors of SA status in 2018. Results: We identified 19 SA (15 females) and 77 nonSA (42 females), groups did not significantly differ in age, years of education, and sex. The logistic regression model (p = 0.028) revealed three predictors of SA from the baseline (year 2012), including processing speed (p = 0.006; CS-speed: the Prague Stroop Test-Dots and the Digit Symbol Substitution Test), sex (p = 0.015), and age (p = 0.045). Conclusions: Thus, SA may be predicted based on the level of processing speed, which supports the hypothesis of the processing speed theory of healthy aging.
MeSH term(s)	Female ; Humans ; Neuropsychological Tests ; Processing Speed ; Cognition Disorders/psychology ; Executive Function ; Stroop Test ; Cognition
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-02
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2705921-2
ISSN	2050-7283 ; 2050-7283
ISSN (online)	2050-7283
ISSN	2050-7283
DOI	10.1186/s40359-023-01069-7
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Article ; Online: The 30-item and 15-item Boston naming test Czech version: Item response analysis and normative values for healthy older adults.

Bezdicek, Ondrej / Rosická, Anna Marie / Mana, Josef / Libon, David J / Kopeček, Miloslav / Georgi, Hana

Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology

2022 Volume 43, Issue 9, Page(s) 890–905

Abstract: Objective: The Boston Naming Test (BNT) is the most widely used test to assess visual confrontation naming in both research and clinical settings. Recently, an abbreviated Czech version of the BNT was described. The purpose of this study is to assess ... ...

Abstract	Objective: The Boston Naming Test (BNT) is the most widely used test to assess visual confrontation naming in both research and clinical settings. Recently, an abbreviated Czech version of the BNT was described. The purpose of this study is to assess the validity of this new test at the item level with advanced psychometric methods to assess its equivalence with the original test. The rationale was to help busy clinicians in the differential diagnosis of language disorders. Method: We administered the BNT-30 (odd item form of BNT-60) ( Results: Significant but low associations between BNT performance and age, education, and sex were found. We found strong evidence for the unidimensionality of both BNT-15/BNT-30 versions in healthy adults ( Conclusion: In-depth psychometric analysis of the BNT-15 and BNT-30 Czech versions show that test stimuli function in a similar fashion as the original BNT. Normative values adjusting for the influence of age, education, and sex are provided for use in clinical settings and future cross-cultural comparisons.
MeSH term(s)	Aged ; Czech Republic ; Humans ; Language ; Language Tests ; Neuropsychological Tests ; Psychometrics
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-05
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	605982-x
ISSN	1744-411X ; 0168-8634 ; 1380-3395
ISSN (online)	1744-411X
ISSN	0168-8634 ; 1380-3395
DOI	10.1080/13803395.2022.2029360
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Article ; Online: Stability of memory SuperAgers over 3 years.

Červenková, Markéta / Heissler, Radek / Kopeček, Miloslav

PsyCh journal

2019 Volume 9, Issue 1, Page(s) 147–149

Abstract: Some people aged 80 years and older are "memory SuperAgers" (SAs), that is, they have the episodic memory of a sexagenarian. In a sample of 208 non-demented adults, we found that 12% were SAs. A total of 101 participants completed the 4-year study; of ... ...

Abstract	Some people aged 80 years and older are "memory SuperAgers" (SAs), that is, they have the episodic memory of a sexagenarian. In a sample of 208 non-demented adults, we found that 12% were SAs. A total of 101 participants completed the 4-year study; of this subsample, 10.9% were stable SAs and 61.3% stable non-SAs across all assessments. The SA phenotype is conducive to further research.
MeSH term(s)	Aged, 80 and over ; Aging ; Cognition ; Female ; Healthy Volunteers/statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; Male ; Memory, Episodic ; Neuropsychological Tests/statistics & numerical data
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-11-12
Publishing country	Australia
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2717141-3
ISSN	2046-0260 ; 2046-0252
ISSN (online)	2046-0260
ISSN	2046-0252
DOI	10.1002/pchj.313
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Article ; Online: Reducing misclassification of mild cognitive impairment based on base rate information from the Uniform data set.

Nikolai, Tomas / Děchtěrenko, Filip / Yaffe, Beril / Georgi, Hana / Kopecek, Miloslav / Červenková, Markéta / Vyhnálek, Martin / Bezdicek, Ondrej

Neuropsychology, development, and cognition. Section B, Aging, neuropsychology and cognition

2022 Volume 30, Issue 3, Page(s) 301–320

Abstract: The current study aimed to define and validate the criteria for ... ...

Abstract	The current study aimed to define and validate the criteria for characterizing
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Aged ; Neuropsychological Tests ; Alzheimer Disease/psychology ; Cognitive Dysfunction/diagnosis ; Cognition Disorders
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-10
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1482447-4
ISSN	1744-4128 ; 1382-5585
ISSN (online)	1744-4128
ISSN	1382-5585
DOI	10.1080/13825585.2021.2022593
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Article ; Online: Longitudinal assessment of ventricular volume trajectories in early-stage schizophrenia: evidence of both enlargement and shrinkage.

Svancer, Patrik / Capek, Vaclav / Skoch, Antonin / Kopecek, Miloslav / Vochoskova, Kristyna / Fialova, Marketa / Furstova, Petra / Jakob, Lea / Bakstein, Eduard / Kolenic, Marian / Hlinka, Jaroslav / Knytl, Pavel / Spaniel, Filip

BMC psychiatry

2024 Volume 24, Issue 1, Page(s) 309

Abstract: Background: Lateral ventricular enlargement represents a canonical morphometric finding in chronic patients with schizophrenia; however, longitudinal studies elucidating complex dynamic trajectories of ventricular volume change during critical early ... ...

Abstract	Background: Lateral ventricular enlargement represents a canonical morphometric finding in chronic patients with schizophrenia; however, longitudinal studies elucidating complex dynamic trajectories of ventricular volume change during critical early disease stages are sparse. Methods: We measured lateral ventricular volumes in 113 first-episode schizophrenia patients (FES) at baseline visit (11.7 months after illness onset, SD = 12.3) and 128 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HC) using 3T MRI. MRI was then repeated in both FES and HC one year later. Results: Compared to controls, ventricular enlargement was identified in 18.6% of patients with FES (14.1% annual ventricular volume (VV) increase; 95%CI: 5.4; 33.1). The ventricular expansion correlated with the severity of PANSS-negative symptoms at one-year follow-up (p = 0.0078). Nevertheless, 16.8% of FES showed an opposite pattern of statistically significant ventricular shrinkage during ≈ one-year follow-up (-9.5% annual VV decrease; 95%CI: -23.7; -2.4). There were no differences in sex, illness duration, age of onset, duration of untreated psychosis, body mass index, the incidence of Schneiderian symptoms, or cumulative antipsychotic dose among the patient groups exhibiting ventricular enlargement, shrinkage, or no change in VV. Conclusion: Both enlargement and ventricular shrinkage are equally present in the early stages of schizophrenia. The newly discovered early reduction of VV in a subgroup of patients emphasizes the need for further research to understand its mechanisms.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Schizophrenia/diagnostic imaging ; Schizophrenia/pathology ; Schizophrenia/physiopathology ; Male ; Female ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Longitudinal Studies ; Adult ; Young Adult ; Cerebral Ventricles/diagnostic imaging ; Cerebral Ventricles/pathology ; Lateral Ventricles/diagnostic imaging ; Lateral Ventricles/pathology ; Disease Progression ; Case-Control Studies ; Adolescent
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-24
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2050438-X
ISSN	1471-244X ; 1471-244X
ISSN (online)	1471-244X
ISSN	1471-244X
DOI	10.1186/s12888-024-05749-5
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Article: How long does the pharmacokinetic interaction between carbamazepine and quetiapine last after carbamazepine withdrawal?

Kopecek, Miloslav / Potmesil, Petr

Neuro endocrinology letters

2017 Volume 38, Issue 7, Page(s) 475–478

Abstract: Objectives: Carbamazepine and quetiapine are drugs that are used as mood stabilizers in the treatment of bipolar disorders. A series of studies has shown that concurrent use of carbamazepine decreases quetiapine serum level due to induction of CYP3A ... ...

Abstract	Objectives: Carbamazepine and quetiapine are drugs that are used as mood stabilizers in the treatment of bipolar disorders. A series of studies has shown that concurrent use of carbamazepine decreases quetiapine serum level due to induction of CYP3A enzymes by carbamazepine. Methods: In a 30-year-old bipolar patient with mania treated with quetiapine 1200 mg and carbamazepine 900 mg per day, we measured quetiapine serum level before and after carbamazepine withdrawal. Results: No serum quetiapine was detected during concurrent use of carbamazepine and was lower than the therapeutic range almost 2 weeks after carbamazepine withdrawal. The patient suffered from sedation when her serum level of quetiapine was 181 ng/ml and because she was quiet we started slowly to decrease to a quetiapine dose of 600 mg. Her serum level (45 ng/ml) was again below therapeutic levels after 3 weeks of carbamazepine withdrawal. Conclusion: We hypothesize that induction of CYP3A lasts even after carbamazepine withdrawal. Our hypothesis was confirmed during the next treatment of mania. The patient had been off carbamazepine for 1 year and her serum level was four times higher (210 ng/ml) on 600 mg of quetiapine than 3 weeks after carbamazepine withdrawal. The influence of carbamazepine on CYP3A enzymes lasted at least 3 weeks after carbamazepine withdrawal which is in accordance with CYP3A de-induction lasting 3 weeks. This could be important information for psychiatrists to know that in some patients it is better to use a minimum washout period of 3 weeks for carbamazepine before new treatment with quetiapine.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Antimanic Agents/blood ; Antimanic Agents/pharmacokinetics ; Antimanic Agents/therapeutic use ; Antipsychotic Agents/blood ; Antipsychotic Agents/pharmacokinetics ; Antipsychotic Agents/therapeutic use ; Bipolar Disorder/blood ; Bipolar Disorder/drug therapy ; Carbamazepine/blood ; Carbamazepine/pharmacokinetics ; Carbamazepine/therapeutic use ; Drug Interactions ; Female ; Humans ; Quetiapine Fumarate/blood ; Quetiapine Fumarate/pharmacokinetics ; Quetiapine Fumarate/therapeutic use
Chemical Substances	Antimanic Agents ; Antipsychotic Agents ; Quetiapine Fumarate (2S3PL1B6UJ) ; Carbamazepine (33CM23913M)
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-12
Publishing country	Sweden
Document type	Case Reports ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	135951-4
ISSN	0172-780X
ISSN	0172-780X
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Article ; Online: Long-term cognitive trajectory and activities of daily living in healthy aging.

Bezdicek, Ondrej / Červenková, Markéta / Georgi, Hana / Schmand, Ben / Hladká, Adéla / Rulseh, Aaron / Kopeček, Miloslav

The Clinical neuropsychologist

2020 Volume 35, Issue 8, Page(s) 1381–1397

Abstract: Objective: The purpose of the present study was to investigate if participants in NANOK study (National Normative Study of Cognitive Determinants of Healthy Ageing) who show no cognitive decline throughout five years (successful healthy agers; SHA) will ...

Abstract	Objective: The purpose of the present study was to investigate if participants in NANOK study (National Normative Study of Cognitive Determinants of Healthy Ageing) who show no cognitive decline throughout five years (successful healthy agers; SHA) will show less age-related differences in instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) based on Functional Activities Questionnaire in comparison to participants who show subtle cognitive decline (Decliners) over time. Method: We used two different classifications of SHA: Rogalski ( Results: The cognitive decline after four years follow-up but not age predicts subtle impairment in IADL in healthy ageing participants. We found brain volumetric differences between SHA and Decliners based on Rogalski but not LMEM classification especially in bilateral insular cortices and ventrolateral frontal cortex. The logistic regression model achieved an accuracy of 75% for the Rogalski in comparison to 67.5% for the LMEM classification. Conclusions: Slight restrictions in IADL seem to be a useful tool for screening healthy ageing participants at risk of developing subtle cognitive decline over a period of five years and the cross-sectional Rogalski criteria based on standardized neuropsychological measures were superior for tapping age-related brain changes to longitudinal LMEM classification based on screening (Montreal Cognitive Assessment).
MeSH term(s)	Activities of Daily Living ; Cognition ; Cognitive Dysfunction/diagnosis ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Healthy Aging ; Humans ; Neuropsychological Tests
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-04-20
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	639080-8
ISSN	1744-4144 ; 0920-1637 ; 1385-4046
ISSN (online)	1744-4144
ISSN	0920-1637 ; 1385-4046
DOI	10.1080/13854046.2020.1745895
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