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  1. Article: Predicting responses to marine heatwaves using functional traits

    Harvey, Ben P. / Marshall, Katie E. / Harley, Christopher D.G. / Russell, Bayden D.

    Trends in ecology & evolution. 2022 Jan., v. 37, no. 1

    2022  

    Abstract: Marine heatwaves (MHWs), discrete but prolonged periods of anomalously warm seawater, can fundamentally restructure marine communities and ecosystems. Although our understanding of these events has improved in recent years, key knowledge gaps hinder our ... ...

    Abstract Marine heatwaves (MHWs), discrete but prolonged periods of anomalously warm seawater, can fundamentally restructure marine communities and ecosystems. Although our understanding of these events has improved in recent years, key knowledge gaps hinder our ability to predict how MHWs will affect patterns of biodiversity. Here, we outline a functional trait approach that enables a better understanding of which species and communities will be most vulnerable to MHWs, and how the distribution of species and composition of communities are likely to shift through time. Our perspective allows progress toward unifying extreme events and longer term environmental trends as co-drivers of ecological change, with the incorporation of species traits into our predictions allowing for a greater capacity to make management decisions.
    Keywords biodiversity ; evolution ; seawater
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2022-01
    Size p. 20-29.
    Publishing place Elsevier Ltd
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 284965-3
    ISSN 1872-8383 ; 0169-5347
    ISSN (online) 1872-8383
    ISSN 0169-5347
    DOI 10.1016/j.tree.2021.09.003
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  2. Article ; Online: Predicting responses to marine heatwaves using functional traits.

    Harvey, Ben P / Marshall, Katie E / Harley, Christopher D G / Russell, Bayden D

    Trends in ecology & evolution

    2021  Volume 37, Issue 1, Page(s) 20–29

    Abstract: Marine heatwaves (MHWs), discrete but prolonged periods of anomalously warm seawater, can fundamentally restructure marine communities and ecosystems. Although our understanding of these events has improved in recent years, key knowledge gaps hinder our ... ...

    Abstract Marine heatwaves (MHWs), discrete but prolonged periods of anomalously warm seawater, can fundamentally restructure marine communities and ecosystems. Although our understanding of these events has improved in recent years, key knowledge gaps hinder our ability to predict how MHWs will affect patterns of biodiversity. Here, we outline a functional trait approach that enables a better understanding of which species and communities will be most vulnerable to MHWs, and how the distribution of species and composition of communities are likely to shift through time. Our perspective allows progress toward unifying extreme events and longer term environmental trends as co-drivers of ecological change, with the incorporation of species traits into our predictions allowing for a greater capacity to make management decisions.
    MeSH term(s) Biodiversity ; Climate Change ; Ecosystem ; Phenotype
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-09-27
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ZDB-ID 284965-3
    ISSN 1872-8383 ; 0169-5347
    ISSN (online) 1872-8383
    ISSN 0169-5347
    DOI 10.1016/j.tree.2021.09.003
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Mental health screening amongst police officers: factors associated with under-reporting of symptoms.

    Marshall, Ruth E / Milligan-Saville, Josie / Petrie, Katherine / Bryant, Richard A / Mitchell, Philip B / Harvey, Samuel B

    BMC psychiatry

    2021  Volume 21, Issue 1, Page(s) 135

    Abstract: Background: Mental health screening in the workplace aims to identify employees who are becoming symptomatic, in order to provide timely support and evidence-based interventions to those affected. Given the stigma associated with mental illness, ... ...

    Abstract Background: Mental health screening in the workplace aims to identify employees who are becoming symptomatic, in order to provide timely support and evidence-based interventions to those affected. Given the stigma associated with mental illness, accurate disclosure of mental health symptoms cannot be assumed. The present study sought to investigate factors associated with the accurate reporting of mental health symptoms amongst police officers.
    Methods: A total of 90 serving police officers completed identical mental health screening surveys, one administered by the employer and the other anonymously by an independent organisation. Responses were then linked to compare differences in the number and severity of mental health symptoms reported on each questionnaire.
    Results: Comparisons of matched self-report scores indicated that employees under-reported symptoms of mental health disorders when completing screening administered by their employer, with only 76.3% of symptoms declared. Under-reporting occurred regardless of gender and symptom type. Less senior staff (p = 0.05) and those with the most severe post-traumatic stress disorder and common mental disorder symptoms (p = 0.008) were significantly more likely to under-report symptoms.
    Conclusions: Employer-administered mental health screening is not able to accurately capture all mental health symptoms amongst first responders. The fact that the severity of symptoms predicted the level of under-reporting means that simple changes to cut-off values cannot correct this problem.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Mass Screening ; Mental Health ; Police ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic ; Surveys and Questionnaires
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-03-08
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ISSN 1471-244X
    ISSN (online) 1471-244X
    DOI 10.1186/s12888-021-03125-1
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Bias in survival estimates created by a requirement for consent to enter a clinical breast cancer registry.

    Elwood, J Mark / Marshall, Roger J / Tin, Sandar Tin / Barrios, Mark E P / Harvey, Vernon J

    Cancer epidemiology

    2019  Volume 58, Page(s) 178–183

    Abstract: Background: A requirement for consent for inclusion may bias the results from a clinical registry. This study gives a direct measure of this bias, based on a population-based clinical breast cancer registry where the requirement for consent was removed ... ...

    Abstract Background: A requirement for consent for inclusion may bias the results from a clinical registry. This study gives a direct measure of this bias, based on a population-based clinical breast cancer registry where the requirement for consent was removed after further ethical review and data could be re-analysed.
    Methods: In Auckland, New Zealand, the population-based clinical breast cancer registry required written patient consent for inclusion from 2000-2012. A subsequent ethical review removed this requirement and allowed an analysis of consented and non-consented patients. Kaplan-Meier survival to 10 years (mean follow-up 5.1 years, maximum 13.9 years), demographic and clinical characteristics were compared. Of 9244 women with invasive cancer, 926 (10.4%) were not consented, and of 1642 women with ductal carcinoma in situ, 245 (14.9%) were not consented.
    Results: Survival was much higher for consenting patients; invasive cancer, 5 year survival 83.2% (95% confidence limits 82.2-84.1%) for consenting patients, 57.1% (53.0-60.9%) for non-consenting, and 80.8% in all patients. Analyses based only on consenting patients overestimate survival in all patients by around 2% at 2, 5, and 10 years. Non-consented patients were older, more often of Pacific ethnicity, had fewer screen-detected cancers, and more often had metastatic disease; they less frequently had primary surgery or systemic treatments.
    Conclusion: Data from a registry requiring active consent gives an upward bias in survival results, as non-consenting patients have more extensive disease, less treatment, and lower survival. To give unbiased results active consent should be not required in a clinical cancer registry.
    MeSH term(s) Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Bias ; Breast Neoplasms/epidemiology ; Breast Neoplasms/mortality ; Breast Neoplasms/pathology ; Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/epidemiology ; Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/mortality ; Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Informed Consent/standards ; Informed Consent/statistics & numerical data ; Middle Aged ; New Zealand/epidemiology ; Prognosis ; Registries/standards ; Registries/statistics & numerical data ; Survival Rate
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-01-11
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2508729-0
    ISSN 1877-783X ; 1877-7821
    ISSN (online) 1877-783X
    ISSN 1877-7821
    DOI 10.1016/j.canep.2018.12.005
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: A prospective study of pre-employment psychological testing amongst police recruits.

    Marshall, R E / Milligan-Saville, J S / Steel, Z / Bryant, R A / Mitchell, P B / Harvey, S B

    Occupational medicine (Oxford, England)

    2020  Volume 70, Issue 3, Page(s) 162–168

    Abstract: Background: Pre-employment psychological screening to detect psychological vulnerability is common amongst emergency service organizations worldwide, yet the evidence for its ability to predict poor mental health outcomes is limited with published ... ...

    Abstract Background: Pre-employment psychological screening to detect psychological vulnerability is common amongst emergency service organizations worldwide, yet the evidence for its ability to predict poor mental health outcomes is limited with published studies looking at post-recruitment research data rather than data collected by the organizations themselves.
    Aims: The present study sought to investigate the ability of pre-employment screening to predict later psychological injury-related absenteeism amongst police officers.
    Methods: A nested case-control study using prospective data was conducted. One hundred and fifty police officers with a liability-accepted psychological injury were matched to a control group of 150 psychologically healthy officers. Conditional logistic regression was used to examine associations between Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2) scales measuring factors research has shown to predict psychological injury (Neuroticism, Psychoticism, Introversion, Disconstraint and Aggressiveness) and psychopathology (Depression, Anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder [PTSD]) with subsequent psychological injury.
    Results: Contrary to expectations, we were unable to demonstrate any association between validated pre-employment measures of personality and psychopathology with mental health outcomes amongst newly recruited police officers over a 7-year follow-up.
    Conclusions: Other measures may be better able to predict future mental health problems in police recruits.
    MeSH term(s) Australia ; Case-Control Studies ; Employment/psychology ; Female ; Humans ; MMPI ; Male ; Mental Disorders/diagnosis ; Mental Disorders/psychology ; Occupational Diseases/psychology ; Personality Assessment ; Police/psychology ; Prospective Studies ; Sick Leave/statistics & numerical data
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-02-09
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1103950-4
    ISSN 1471-8405 ; 0962-7480
    ISSN (online) 1471-8405
    ISSN 0962-7480
    DOI 10.1093/occmed/kqaa008
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Long-term cost-effectiveness of screening for fracture risk in a UK primary care setting: the SCOOP study.

    Söreskog, E / Borgström, F / Shepstone, L / Clarke, S / Cooper, C / Harvey, I / Harvey, N C / Howe, A / Johansson, H / Marshall, T / O'Neill, T W / Peters, T J / Redmond, N M / Turner, D / Holland, R / McCloskey, E / Kanis, J A

    Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA

    2020  Volume 31, Issue 8, Page(s) 1499–1506

    Abstract: Community-based screening and treatment of women aged 70-85 years at high fracture risk reduced fractures; moreover, the screening programme was cost-saving. The results support a case for a screening programme of fracture risk in older women in the UK.!# ...

    Abstract Community-based screening and treatment of women aged 70-85 years at high fracture risk reduced fractures; moreover, the screening programme was cost-saving. The results support a case for a screening programme of fracture risk in older women in the UK.
    Introduction: The SCOOP (screening for prevention of fractures in older women) randomized controlled trial investigated whether community-based screening could reduce fractures in women aged 70-85 years. The objective of this study was to estimate the long-term cost-effectiveness of screening for fracture risk in a UK primary care setting compared with usual management, based on the SCOOP study.
    Methods: A health economic Markov model was used to predict the life-time consequences in terms of costs and quality of life of the screening programme compared with the control arm. The model was populated with costs related to drugs, administration and screening intervention derived from the SCOOP study. Fracture risk reduction in the screening arm compared with the usual management arm was derived from SCOOP. Modelled fracture risk corresponded to the risk observed in SCOOP.
    Results: Screening of 1000 patients saved 9 hip fractures and 20 non-hip fractures over the remaining lifetime (mean 14 years) compared with usual management. In total, the screening arm saved costs (£286) and gained 0.015 QALYs/patient in comparison with usual management arm.
    Conclusions: This analysis suggests that a screening programme of fracture risk in older women in the UK would gain quality of life and life years, and reduce fracture costs to more than offset the cost of running the programme.
    MeSH term(s) Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Cost-Benefit Analysis ; Female ; Humans ; Mass Screening/economics ; Osteoporotic Fractures/diagnosis ; Osteoporotic Fractures/epidemiology ; Osteoporotic Fractures/prevention & control ; Primary Health Care ; Quality of Life ; Quality-Adjusted Life Years ; United Kingdom/epidemiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-04-01
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial
    ZDB-ID 1064892-6
    ISSN 1433-2965 ; 0937-941X
    ISSN (online) 1433-2965
    ISSN 0937-941X
    DOI 10.1007/s00198-020-05372-6
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: ERK-dependent proteasome degradation of Txnip regulates thioredoxin oxidoreductase activity.

    Kelleher, Zachary T / Wang, Chunbo / Forrester, Michael T / Foster, Matthew W / Marshall, Harvey E

    The Journal of biological chemistry

    2019  Volume 294, Issue 36, Page(s) 13336–13343

    Abstract: Dynamic control of thioredoxin (Trx) oxidoreductase activity is essential for balancing the need of cells to rapidly respond to oxidative/nitrosative stress and to temporally regulate thiol-based redox signaling. We have previously shown that cytokine ... ...

    Abstract Dynamic control of thioredoxin (Trx) oxidoreductase activity is essential for balancing the need of cells to rapidly respond to oxidative/nitrosative stress and to temporally regulate thiol-based redox signaling. We have previously shown that cytokine stimulation of the respiratory epithelium induces a precipitous decline in cell
    MeSH term(s) A549 Cells ; Carrier Proteins/metabolism ; Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases/metabolism ; Humans ; Mass Spectrometry ; Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex/metabolism ; Thioredoxin-Disulfide Reductase/metabolism ; Tumor Cells, Cultured
    Chemical Substances Carrier Proteins ; TXNIP protein, human ; Thioredoxin-Disulfide Reductase (EC 1.8.1.9) ; Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases (EC 2.7.11.24) ; Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex (EC 3.4.25.1)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-07-18
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 2997-x
    ISSN 1083-351X ; 0021-9258
    ISSN (online) 1083-351X
    ISSN 0021-9258
    DOI 10.1074/jbc.RA119.007733
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Systematic screening using FRAX

    Parsons, C M / Harvey, N / Shepstone, L / Kanis, J A / Lenaghan, E / Clarke, S / Fordham, R / Gittoes, N / Harvey, I / Holland, R / Redmond, N M / Howe, A / Marshall, T / Peters, T J / Torgerson, D / O'Neill, T W / McCloskey, E / Cooper, C

    Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA

    2019  Volume 31, Issue 1, Page(s) 67–75

    Abstract: In the large community-based SCOOP trial, systematic fracture risk screening using FRAX: Introduction: In the SCreening of Older wOmen for Prevention of fracture (SCOOP) trial, we investigated the effect of the screening intervention on subsequent ... ...

    Abstract In the large community-based SCOOP trial, systematic fracture risk screening using FRAX
    Introduction: In the SCreening of Older wOmen for Prevention of fracture (SCOOP) trial, we investigated the effect of the screening intervention on subsequent long-term self-reported adherence to anti-osteoporosis medications (AOM).
    Methods: SCOOP was a primary care-based UK multicentre trial of screening for fracture risk. A total of 12,483 women (70-85 years) were randomised to either usual NHS care, or assessment using the FRAX
    Results: The mean (SD) age of participants was 75.6 (4.2) years, with 6233 randomised to screening and 6250 to the control group. Of those participants identified at high fracture risk in the screening group, 38.2% of those on treatment at 6 months were still treated at 60 months, whereas the corresponding figure for the control group was 21.6%. Older age was associated with poorer adherence (OR per year increase in age 0.96 [95% CI 0.93, 0.99], p = 0.01), whereas history of parental hip fracture was associated with greater rate adherence (OR 1.67 [95% CI 1.23, 2.26], p < 0.01).
    Conclusions: Systematic fracture risk screening using FRAX
    MeSH term(s) Absorptiometry, Photon ; Aged ; Bone Density ; Diphosphonates/therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Medication Adherence ; Middle Aged ; Osteoporosis/complications ; Osteoporosis/drug therapy ; Osteoporotic Fractures/epidemiology ; Osteoporotic Fractures/etiology ; Osteoporotic Fractures/prevention & control ; Risk Assessment ; Risk Factors ; United Kingdom/epidemiology
    Chemical Substances Diphosphonates
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-10-12
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Multicenter Study ; Randomized Controlled Trial
    ZDB-ID 1064892-6
    ISSN 1433-2965 ; 0937-941X
    ISSN (online) 1433-2965
    ISSN 0937-941X
    DOI 10.1007/s00198-019-05142-z
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: A systematic review of the usefulness of pre-employment and pre-duty screening in predicting mental health outcomes amongst emergency workers.

    Marshall, Ruth E / Milligan-Saville, Josie S / Mitchell, Philip B / Bryant, Richard A / Harvey, Samuel B

    Psychiatry research

    2017  Volume 253, Page(s) 129–137

    Abstract: ... maladaptive coping styles (e.g. negative self-appraisal) had stronger evidence as predictors of vulnerability ... in first responders than more traditional static factors (e.g. pre-existing psychopathology). Personality ... factors (e.g. trait anger) had moderate evidence for predictive power. Based on the evidence reviewed ...

    Abstract Despite a lack of proven efficacy, pre-employment or pre-duty screening, which alleges to test for vulnerability to PTSD and other mental health disorders, remains common amongst emergency services. This systematic review aimed to determine the usefulness of different factors in predicting mental disorder amongst emergency workers and to inform practice regarding screening procedures. Systematic searches were conducted in MEDLINE, PsycINFO and EMBASE to identify cohort studies linking pre-employment or pre-duty measures in first responders with later mental health outcomes. Possible predictors of poor mental health were grouped into six categories and their overall level of evidence was assessed. Twenty-one prospective cohort studies were identified. Dynamic measures including physiological responses to simulated trauma and maladaptive coping styles (e.g. negative self-appraisal) had stronger evidence as predictors of vulnerability in first responders than more traditional static factors (e.g. pre-existing psychopathology). Personality factors (e.g. trait anger) had moderate evidence for predictive power. Based on the evidence reviewed, however, we are unable to provide emergency services with specific information to enhance their current personnel selection. The results indicate that pre-duty screening protocols that include personality assessments and dynamic measures of physiological and psychological coping strategies may be able to identify some personnel at increased risk of mental health problems. However, further longitudinal research is required in order to provide meaningful guidance to employers on the overall utility of either pre-employment or pre-duty screening. In particular, research examining the sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive values of various screening measures is urgently needed.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-07
    Publishing country Ireland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 445361-x
    ISSN 1872-7123 ; 1872-7506 ; 0925-4927 ; 0165-1781
    ISSN (online) 1872-7123 ; 1872-7506
    ISSN 0925-4927 ; 0165-1781
    DOI 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.03.047
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article: Regulation of cellular processes by S-nitrosylation. Preface.

    Marshall, Harvey E / Gow, Andrew

    Biochimica et biophysica acta

    2012  Volume 1820, Issue 6, Page(s) 673–674

    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Cell Physiological Phenomena ; Eukaryotic Cells/metabolism ; Humans ; Nitric Oxide/metabolism ; Nitrosation ; Nitroso Compounds/metabolism ; Prokaryotic Cells/metabolism ; Proteins/metabolism ; Signal Transduction
    Chemical Substances Nitroso Compounds ; Proteins ; Nitric Oxide (31C4KY9ESH)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2012-06
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Introductory Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 60-7
    ISSN 1879-2596 ; 1879-260X ; 1872-8006 ; 1879-2642 ; 1879-2618 ; 1879-2650 ; 0006-3002 ; 0005-2728 ; 0005-2736 ; 0304-4165 ; 0167-4838 ; 1388-1981 ; 0167-4889 ; 0167-4781 ; 0304-419X ; 1570-9639 ; 0925-4439 ; 1874-9399
    ISSN (online) 1879-2596 ; 1879-260X ; 1872-8006 ; 1879-2642 ; 1879-2618 ; 1879-2650
    ISSN 0006-3002 ; 0005-2728 ; 0005-2736 ; 0304-4165 ; 0167-4838 ; 1388-1981 ; 0167-4889 ; 0167-4781 ; 0304-419X ; 1570-9639 ; 0925-4439 ; 1874-9399
    DOI 10.1016/j.bbagen.2012.04.007
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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