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  1. Article ; Online: The social-ecological system of the Kenai River Fishery (Alaska, USA).

    Lamborn, Chase C / Givens, Jennifer / Lant, Christopher / Roper, Brett / Monz, Christopher / Smith, Jordan W

    Journal of environmental management

    2023  Volume 331, Page(s) 117314

    Abstract: We present a collaboratively developed social-ecological model of the Kenai River Fishery. We developed the model through iterative interviews with stakeholders throughout the Kenai Peninsula using a novel participatory Fuzzy Cognitive Mapping process ... ...

    Abstract We present a collaboratively developed social-ecological model of the Kenai River Fishery. We developed the model through iterative interviews with stakeholders throughout the Kenai Peninsula using a novel participatory Fuzzy Cognitive Mapping process grounded in Ostrom's social-ecological systems framework. Individual social-ecological models, developed one-on-one with stakeholders, were combined into a single aggregated model representing the system's structure and function. We validated this aggregated model through subsequent interviews with stakeholders and focused literature reviews. The result is a model that can: 1) illustrate the breadth and interconnectedness of the Kenai River Fishery's social-ecological system; 2) be used to facilitate discussions around management of the fishery; and 3) be used to explore the components and interactions that move the system toward or away from sustainability. Using the model, we identify how the nature of salmon (migratory) and their habitat (large and unpredictable) leads to uncertainty about effective management strategies. This uncertainty, in addition to a large and diverse set of resource users, creates conflicting management goals that ultimately limit the governance system in making decisions that might increase the sustainability of the fishery.
    MeSH term(s) Fisheries ; Alaska ; Rivers ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Ecosystem
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-01-21
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 184882-3
    ISSN 1095-8630 ; 0301-4797
    ISSN (online) 1095-8630
    ISSN 0301-4797
    DOI 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117314
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Predictors of opioid requirement among patients receiving free flap reconstruction to the head and neck.

    Elliott, Zachary T / Mann, Derek S / Fiorella, Michele / Christopher, Vanessa / Givens, Alyssa / Martin, Ann Marie / Zhan, Tingting / Curry, Joseph

    American journal of otolaryngology

    2023  Volume 44, Issue 6, Page(s) 104000

    Abstract: Background: Opioids are a part of standard of care treatment of acute, severe postoperative pain. However, increased opioid requirements have been shown to be associated with increased postoperative complications, morbidity, and mortality. The aim of ... ...

    Abstract Background: Opioids are a part of standard of care treatment of acute, severe postoperative pain. However, increased opioid requirements have been shown to be associated with increased postoperative complications, morbidity, and mortality. The aim of this study was to identify potential predictive factors associated with increased or decreased opioid requirements after free tissue transfer (FTT) to the head and neck.
    Materials/methods: A retrospective review was conducted on subjects who underwent head and neck reconstruction (HNR) from 2015 to 2021 at a single tertiary care center. Patients with inpatient stay over 10 days and those receiving fentanyl for sedation purposes were excluded due to EMR limitations and confounding, respectively. The total dose of opioid medication each patient received was calculated and summed using morphine milligram equivalents (MME). Statistical analysis was conducted using poisson regression and multivariable regression models.
    Results: Two hundred and ninety-one patients were included. The mean opioid requirement for all subjects was 228.6 (SD 250.0) MMEs during their entire postoperative stay and the mean length of stay was 6.0 (SD 1.7) days. An established opioid prescription prior to surgical resection was the greatest predictor of increased risk for opioid requirement according univariate and multivariate analysis 2.356 (2.321-2.392), p ≤ 0.0001 and 1.833 (1.802-1.863), p ≤ 0.0001, respectively. Fibula transfers were associated with higher opioid requirements while scapula transfers were associated with decreased opioid requirements compared to other free tissue transfer types.
    Conclusion: Preoperative opioid use was associated with higher postoperative opioid requirements. Multimodal pain management (MMPM) was not associated with a decreased opioid requirement; however, further studies are needed to investigate the hierarchy, dosing, and timing of MMPM in relation to opioid requirements and pain control.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Analgesics, Opioid ; Free Tissue Flaps ; Plastic Surgery Procedures ; Opioid-Related Disorders ; Pain, Postoperative/drug therapy ; Pain, Postoperative/etiology ; Retrospective Studies
    Chemical Substances Analgesics, Opioid ; 1-(methacryloyloxymethyl)propyl hydrogen maleate (130007-48-6)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-07-11
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 604541-8
    ISSN 1532-818X ; 0196-0709
    ISSN (online) 1532-818X
    ISSN 0196-0709
    DOI 10.1016/j.amjoto.2023.104000
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Allocation of U.S. Biomass Production to Food, Feed, Fiber, Fuel and Exports

    Christopher Lant / Suman Paudel / Kaeli Mueller / Grace Larson / Gustavo A. Ovando-Montejo / Jennifer Givens

    Land, Vol 12, Iss 695, p

    2023  Volume 695

    Abstract: This paper analyzes the end uses—food, feed, fiber, fuel, and exports—of biomass production in the U.S. in 1997, 2002, 2007, and 2012. They are also analyzed at the state level in 2012. Biomass production is measured as human appropriation of net primary ...

    Abstract This paper analyzes the end uses—food, feed, fiber, fuel, and exports—of biomass production in the U.S. in 1997, 2002, 2007, and 2012. They are also analyzed at the state level in 2012. Biomass production is measured as human appropriation of net primary production (HANPP), an ecological footprint measured as carbon fixed through photosynthesis, derived from data on crop, timber and grazing yields. HANPP was allocated to end uses using publicly available sources from the U.S. Department of Agriculture and internet-based sources publishing data on agricultural trade. HANPP was 717–834 megatons (MT) of carbon per year, which comprised 515–615 MT of crop-based, 105–149 MT timber-based, and 64–76 MT of grazed HANPP. Livestock feed commanded the largest proportion, but decreased from 395 (50%) to 305 MT (42%) of all HANPP and 320 to 240 MT (58–44%) of crop-based HANPP. The proportion allocated to exports was stable at 118–141 MT (17–18%) of total HANPP and 112–133 MT (21–23%) of crop-based HANPP. Biofiber decreased from 141 MT (18%) to 97 MT (13%) of all HANPP. Biofuel increased strongly from 11 MT to 98 MT, from 1% to 14% of all HANPP and 2% to 18% of crop-based HANPP, surpassing food and biofiber by 2012. Direct food commanded 89–105 MT, the lowest proportion at 12–13% of all HANPP, and 17–18% of crop-based HANPP. The highly fertile Midwest and the drought-prone Intermountain West stand out as regions where a very small percentage of biomass is allocated to direct human food. The high proportions of biomass production allocated to nonfood uses is consistent with the tragedy of ecosystem services and commodification of nature frameworks. Reducing these proportions presents opportunities for improving ecosystem services, food security, and human well-being.
    Keywords allocation of biomass ; biofuels ; commodification of nature ; ecosystem services ; human appropriation of net primary production ; United States ; Agriculture ; S
    Subject code 333
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-03-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  4. Article ; Online: Allocation of U.S. Biomass Production to Food, Feed, Fiber, Fuel and Exports

    Lant, Christopher / Paudel, Suman / Mueller, Kaeli / Larson, Grace / Ovando-Montejo, Gustavo A. / Givens, Jennifer

    Land. 2023 Mar. 16, v. 12, no. 3

    2023  

    Abstract: This paper analyzes the end uses—food, feed, fiber, fuel, and exports—of biomass production in the U.S. in 1997, 2002, 2007, and 2012. They are also analyzed at the state level in 2012. Biomass production is measured as human appropriation of net primary ...

    Abstract This paper analyzes the end uses—food, feed, fiber, fuel, and exports—of biomass production in the U.S. in 1997, 2002, 2007, and 2012. They are also analyzed at the state level in 2012. Biomass production is measured as human appropriation of net primary production (HANPP), an ecological footprint measured as carbon fixed through photosynthesis, derived from data on crop, timber and grazing yields. HANPP was allocated to end uses using publicly available sources from the U.S. Department of Agriculture and internet-based sources publishing data on agricultural trade. HANPP was 717–834 megatons (MT) of carbon per year, which comprised 515–615 MT of crop-based, 105–149 MT timber-based, and 64–76 MT of grazed HANPP. Livestock feed commanded the largest proportion, but decreased from 395 (50%) to 305 MT (42%) of all HANPP and 320 to 240 MT (58–44%) of crop-based HANPP. The proportion allocated to exports was stable at 118–141 MT (17–18%) of total HANPP and 112–133 MT (21–23%) of crop-based HANPP. Biofiber decreased from 141 MT (18%) to 97 MT (13%) of all HANPP. Biofuel increased strongly from 11 MT to 98 MT, from 1% to 14% of all HANPP and 2% to 18% of crop-based HANPP, surpassing food and biofiber by 2012. Direct food commanded 89–105 MT, the lowest proportion at 12–13% of all HANPP, and 17–18% of crop-based HANPP. The highly fertile Midwest and the drought-prone Intermountain West stand out as regions where a very small percentage of biomass is allocated to direct human food. The high proportions of biomass production allocated to nonfood uses is consistent with the tragedy of ecosystem services and commodification of nature frameworks. Reducing these proportions presents opportunities for improving ecosystem services, food security, and human well-being.
    Keywords USDA ; agricultural trade ; biofuels ; biomass production ; carbon ; ecological footprint ; ecosystems ; food security ; foods ; humans ; land ; livestock feeds ; net primary productivity ; photosynthesis ; social welfare ; Intermountain West region
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2023-0316
    Publishing place Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Document type Article ; Online
    ZDB-ID 2682955-1
    ISSN 2073-445X
    ISSN 2073-445X
    DOI 10.3390/land12030695
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  5. Article ; Online: High-throughput methods to identify male Cannabis sativa using various genotyping methods.

    Torres, Anthony / Pauli, Christopher / Givens, Robert / Argyris, Jason / Allen, Keith / Monfort, Amparo / Gaudino, Reginald J

    Journal of cannabis research

    2022  Volume 4, Issue 1, Page(s) 57

    Abstract: Background: Cannabis sativa is a primarily dioecious angiosperm that exhibits sexual developmental plasticity. Developmental genes for staminate male flowers have yet to be elucidated; however, there are regions of male-associated DNA from Cannabis ( ... ...

    Abstract Background: Cannabis sativa is a primarily dioecious angiosperm that exhibits sexual developmental plasticity. Developmental genes for staminate male flowers have yet to be elucidated; however, there are regions of male-associated DNA from Cannabis (MADC) that correlate with the formation of pollen producing staminate flowers. MADC2 is an example of a PCR-based genetic marker that has been shown to produce a 390-bp amplicon that correlates with the expression of male phenotypes. We demonstrate applications of a cost-effective high-throughput male genotyping assay and other genotyping applications of male identification in Cannabis sativa.
    Methods: In this study, we assessed data from 8200 leaf samples analyzed for real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) detection of MADC2 in a commercial testing application offered through Steep Hill Laboratories. Through validation, collaborative research projects, and follow-up retest analysis, we observed a > 98.5% accuracy of detection of MADC2 by qPCR. We also carried out assay development for high-resolution melting analysis (HRM), loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), and TwistDx recombinase amplification (RPA) assays using MADC2 for male identification.
    Results: We demonstrate a robust high-throughput duplex TaqMan qPCR assay for identification of male-specific genomic signatures using a novel MADC2 qPCR probe. The qPCR cycle quotient (Cq) value representative of MADC2 detection in 3156 males and the detection of tissue control cannabinoid synthesis for 8200 samples and the absence of MADC2 detection in 5047 non-males demonstrate a robust high-throughput real-time genotyping assay for Cannabis. Furthermore, we also demonstrated the viability of using nearby regions to MADC2 with novel primers as alternative assays. Finally, we also show proof of concept of several additional commercially viable sex determination methodologies for Cannabis sativa.
    Discussion: In industrial applications, males are desirable for their more rapid growth and higher quality fiber quality, as well as their ability to pollinate female plants and produce grain. In medicinal applications, female cultivars are more desirable for their ability to produce large amounts of secondary metabolites, specifically the cannabinoids, terpenes, and flavonoids that have various medicinal and recreational properties. In previous studies, traditional PCR and non-high-throughput methods have been reported for the detection of male cannabis, and in our study, we present multiple methodologies that can be carried out in high-throughput commercial cannabis testing.
    Conclusion: With these markers developed for high-throughput testing assays, the Cannabis industry will be able to easily screen and select for the desired sex of a given cultivar depending on the application.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-11-02
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2522-5782
    ISSN (online) 2522-5782
    DOI 10.1186/s42238-022-00164-7
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Mitochondrial transplant after ischemia reperfusion promotes cellular salvage and improves lung function during ex-vivo lung perfusion.

    Cloer, Caryn M / Givens, Christopher S / Buie, Lakisha K / Rochelle, Lauren K / Lin, Yi-Tzu / Popa, Sam / Shelton, Randolph V M / Zhan, James / Zimmerman, Tyler R / Jones, Bria G / Lesesne, Zion / Hogan, Sarah S / Petersen, Thomas H

    The Journal of heart and lung transplantation : the official publication of the International Society for Heart Transplantation

    2023  Volume 42, Issue 5, Page(s) 575–584

    Abstract: Background: In lung transplantation, ischemia-reperfusion injury associated with mitochondrial damage can lead to graft rejection. Intact, exogenous mitochondria provide a unique treatment option to salvage damaged cells within lung tissue.: Methods: ...

    Abstract Background: In lung transplantation, ischemia-reperfusion injury associated with mitochondrial damage can lead to graft rejection. Intact, exogenous mitochondria provide a unique treatment option to salvage damaged cells within lung tissue.
    Methods: We developed a novel method to freeze and store allogeneic mitochondria isolated from porcine heart tissue. Stored mitochondria were injected into a model of induced ischemia-reperfusion injury using porcine ex-vivo lung perfusion. Treatment benefits to immune modulation, antioxidant defense, and cellular salvage were evaluated. These findings were corroborated in human lungs undergoing ex-vivo lung perfusion. Lung tissue homogenate and primary lung endothelial cells were then used to address underlying mechanisms.
    Results: Following cold ischemia, mitochondrial transplant reduced lung pulmonary vascular resistance and tissue pro-inflammatory signaling and cytokine secretion. Further, exogenous mitochondria reduced reactive oxygen species by-products and promoted glutathione synthesis, thereby salvaging cell viability. These results were confirmed in a human model of ex-vivo lung perfusion wherein transplanted mitochondria decreased tissue oxidative and inflammatory signaling, improving lung function. We demonstrate that transplanted mitochondria induce autophagy and suggest that bolstered autophagy may act upstream of the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant benefits. Importantly, chemical inhibitors of the MEK autophagy pathway blunted the favorable effects of mitochondrial transplant.
    Conclusions: These data provide direct evidence that mitochondrial transplant improves cellular health and lung function when administered during ex-vivo lung perfusion and suggest the mechanism of action may be through promotion of cellular autophagy. Data herein contribute new insights into the therapeutic potential of mitochondrial transplant to abate ischemia-reperfusion injury during lung transplant, and thus reduce graft rejection.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Swine ; Animals ; Antioxidants/pharmacology ; Antioxidants/metabolism ; Endothelial Cells/metabolism ; Lung ; Reperfusion ; Mitochondria/metabolism ; Lung Transplantation/methods ; Ischemia ; Reperfusion Injury/metabolism ; Perfusion/methods
    Chemical Substances Antioxidants
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-01-11
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1062522-7
    ISSN 1557-3117 ; 1053-2498
    ISSN (online) 1557-3117
    ISSN 1053-2498
    DOI 10.1016/j.healun.2023.01.002
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Mechanical forces regulate endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition and atherosclerosis via an Alk5-Shc mechanotransduction pathway.

    Mehta, Vedanta / Pang, Kar-Lai / Givens, Christopher S / Chen, Zhongming / Huang, Jianhua / Sweet, Daniel T / Jo, Hanjoong / Reader, John S / Tzima, Ellie

    Science advances

    2021  Volume 7, Issue 28

    Abstract: The response of endothelial cells to mechanical forces is a critical determinant of vascular health. Vascular pathologies, such as atherosclerosis, characterized by abnormal mechanical forces are frequently accompanied by endothelial-to-mesenchymal ... ...

    Abstract The response of endothelial cells to mechanical forces is a critical determinant of vascular health. Vascular pathologies, such as atherosclerosis, characterized by abnormal mechanical forces are frequently accompanied by endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT). However, how forces affect the mechanotransduction pathways controlling cellular plasticity, inflammation, and, ultimately, vessel pathology is poorly understood. Here, we identify a mechanoreceptor that is sui generis for EndMT and unveil a molecular Alk5-Shc pathway that leads to EndMT and atherosclerosis. Depletion of Alk5 abrogates shear stress-induced EndMT responses, and genetic targeting of endothelial Shc reduces EndMT and atherosclerosis in areas of disturbed flow. Tensional force and reconstitution experiments reveal a mechanosensory function for Alk5 in EndMT signaling that is unique and independent of other mechanosensors. Our findings are of fundamental importance for understanding how mechanical forces regulate biochemical signaling, cell plasticity, and vascular disease.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-07-09
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2810933-8
    ISSN 2375-2548 ; 2375-2548
    ISSN (online) 2375-2548
    ISSN 2375-2548
    DOI 10.1126/sciadv.abg5060
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Understanding Intimate Partner Violence Service Delivery for Latinx Survivors in Rural Areas.

    Kim, Jeongsuk / Rizo, Cynthia Fraga / Wretman, Christopher J / Alzuru, Carolina / Fulton, Deena / Lotz, Lisi Martinez / Chesworth, Brittney R / Givens, Ashley D / Macy, Rebecca J

    Violence against women

    2022  , Page(s) 10778012221140136

    Abstract: Using a statewide survey, this exploratory, cross-sectional study examined 78 domestic violence (DV) service organizations' service delivery practices and perceived challenges to serving Latinx survivors in the context of rurality. Findings showed that ... ...

    Abstract Using a statewide survey, this exploratory, cross-sectional study examined 78 domestic violence (DV) service organizations' service delivery practices and perceived challenges to serving Latinx survivors in the context of rurality. Findings showed that DV organizations in rural areas perceived more challenges to delivering culturally appropriate services for Latinx survivors compared to those in other geographic settings even after accounting for client characteristics, service provision characteristics, and community resources. The study finding offers critical insights to ensure and enhance the provision of linguistically and culturally accessible services for rural Latinx survivors of intimate partner violence.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-12-13
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2031375-5
    ISSN 1552-8448 ; 1077-8012
    ISSN (online) 1552-8448
    ISSN 1077-8012
    DOI 10.1177/10778012221140136
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Two-Photon Activation of p-Hydroxyphenacyl Phototriggers: Toward Spatially Controlled Release of Diethyl Phosphate and ATP.

    Houk, Amanda L / Givens, Richard S / Elles, Christopher G

    The journal of physical chemistry. B

    2016  Volume 120, Issue 12, Page(s) 3178–3186

    Abstract: Two-photon activation of the p-hydroxyphenacyl (pHP) photoactivated protecting group is demonstrated for the first time using visible light at 550 nm from a pulsed laser. Broadband two-photon absorption measurements reveal a strong two-photon transition ( ...

    Abstract Two-photon activation of the p-hydroxyphenacyl (pHP) photoactivated protecting group is demonstrated for the first time using visible light at 550 nm from a pulsed laser. Broadband two-photon absorption measurements reveal a strong two-photon transition (>10 GM) near 4.5 eV that closely resembles the lowest-energy band at the same total excitation energy in the one-photon absorption spectrum of the pHP chromophore. The polarization dependence of the two-photon absorption band is consistent with excitation to the same S3 ((1)ππ*) excited state for both one- and two-photon activation. Monitoring the progress of the uncaging reaction under nonresonant excitation at 550 nm confirms a quadratic intensity dependence and that two-photon activation of the uncaging reaction is possible using visible light in the range 500-620 nm. Deprotonation of the pHP chromophore under mildly basic conditions shifts the absorption band to lower energy (3.8 eV) in both the one- and two-photon absorption spectra, suggesting that two-photon activation of the pHP chromophore may be possible using light in the range 550-720 nm. The results of these measurements open the possibility of spatially and temporally selective release of biologically active compounds from the pHP protecting group using visible light from a pulsed laser.
    MeSH term(s) Adenosine Triphosphate/chemistry ; Lasers ; Molecular Structure ; Organophosphates/chemistry ; Phenylacetates/chemistry ; Photons
    Chemical Substances Organophosphates ; Phenylacetates ; 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid (3J9SHG0RCN) ; diethyl phosphate (598-02-7) ; Adenosine Triphosphate (8L70Q75FXE)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-03-31
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
    ISSN 1520-5207
    ISSN (online) 1520-5207
    DOI 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b12150
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: S1P1 bridges mechanotransduction and angiogenesis during vascular development.

    Givens, Christopher / Tzima, Ellie

    Developmental cell

    2012  Volume 23, Issue 3, Page(s) 451–452

    Abstract: Mechanisms of stabilization of the vascular plexus and the role of mechanotransduction in this process are not well understood. In this issue of Developmental Cell, Jung et al. (2012) and Gaengel et al. (2012) describe the ligand-sensitive and ... ...

    Abstract Mechanisms of stabilization of the vascular plexus and the role of mechanotransduction in this process are not well understood. In this issue of Developmental Cell, Jung et al. (2012) and Gaengel et al. (2012) describe the ligand-sensitive and mechanosensitive functions of an important vascular G protein-coupled receptor, S1P1.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2012-09-10
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Comment ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2054967-2
    ISSN 1878-1551 ; 1534-5807
    ISSN (online) 1878-1551
    ISSN 1534-5807
    DOI 10.1016/j.devcel.2012.08.012
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