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Article ; Online: Feasibility, impact, and priority of key strategies to enhance diverse and inclusive training programs in clinical and translational research

Jennifer A. Campbell / Rebekah J. Walker / Aprill Z. Dawson / Mukoso N. Ozieh / Susanne Schmidt / L. Aubree Shay / Joni S. Williams / Shane A. Phillips / Leonard E. Egede

Journal of Clinical and Translational Science, Vol

A mixed methods study

2023 Volume 7

Abstract: Abstract Background: Enhancing diversity in the scientific workforce is a long-standing issue. This study uses mixed methods to understand the feasibility, impact, and priority of six key strategies to promote diverse and inclusive training and ... ...

Abstract	Abstract Background: Enhancing diversity in the scientific workforce is a long-standing issue. This study uses mixed methods to understand the feasibility, impact, and priority of six key strategies to promote diverse and inclusive training and contextualize the six key strategies across Clinical and Translational Science Awards (CTSAs) Program Institutions. Methods: Four breakout sessions were held at the NCATS 2020 CTSA Program annual meeting focused on diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) efforts. This paper focuses on the breakout session for Enhancing DEI in Translational Science Training Programs. Data were analyzed using a mixed methods convergent approach. The quantitative strand includes the online polling results. The qualitative strand includes the breakout session and the chat box in response to the training presentation. Results: Across feasibility, impact, and priority questions, prioritizing representation ranked number 1. Building partnerships ranked number 2 in feasibility and priority, while making it personal ranked number 2 for impact. Across each strategy, rankings supported the qualitative data findings in feasibility through shared experiences, impact in the ability to increase DEI, and priority rankings in comparison to the other strategies. No divergence was found across quantitative and qualitative data findings. Conclusion: Findings provide robust support for prioritizing representation as a number one strategy to focus on in training programs. Specifically, this strategy can be operationalized through integration of community representation, diversity advocates, and adopting a holistic approach to recruiting a diverse cadre of scholars into translational science training programs at the national level across CTSAs.
Keywords	Diversity ; equity ; inclusion ; clinical and translational research ; mixed methods ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	306
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Cambridge University Press
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Evolved Proteins Inhibit Entry of Enfuvirtide-Resistant HIV-1.

Ikeda, Terumasa / Tennyson, Rachel L / Walker, Susanne N / Harris, Reuben S / McNaughton, Brian R

ACS infectious diseases

2019 Volume 5, Issue 4, Page(s) 634–640

Abstract: Drugs that block HIV-1 entry are relatively limited. Enfuvirtide is a 36-residue synthetic peptide that targets gp41 and blocks viral fusion. However, Enfuvirtide-resistant HIV has been reported, and this peptide drug requires daily injection. Previously, ...

Abstract	Drugs that block HIV-1 entry are relatively limited. Enfuvirtide is a 36-residue synthetic peptide that targets gp41 and blocks viral fusion. However, Enfuvirtide-resistant HIV has been reported, and this peptide drug requires daily injection. Previously, we have reported helix-grafted display proteins, consisting of HIV-1 gp41 C-peptide helix grafted onto Pleckstrin Homology domains. Some of these biologics inhibit HIV-1 entry with relatively modest and varied potency (IC
MeSH term(s)	Drug Resistance, Viral ; Enfuvirtide/pharmacology ; HIV Envelope Protein gp41/chemistry ; HIV Envelope Protein gp41/metabolism ; HIV Fusion Inhibitors/pharmacology ; HIV Infections/virology ; HIV-1/drug effects ; HIV-1/genetics ; HIV-1/physiology ; Humans ; Peptides/chemistry ; Peptides/genetics ; Peptides/pharmacology ; Protein Conformation, alpha-Helical ; Protein Engineering ; Virus Internalization/drug effects
Chemical Substances	HIV Envelope Protein gp41 ; HIV Fusion Inhibitors ; Peptides ; Enfuvirtide (19OWO1T3ZE)
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-03-12
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ISSN	2373-8227
ISSN (online)	2373-8227
DOI	10.1021/acsinfecdis.8b00362
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Article ; Online: In vivo delivery of engineered synthetic DNA-encoded SARS-CoV-2 monoclonal antibodies for pre-exposure prophylaxis in non-human primates.

Patel, Ami / Rosenke, Kyle / Parzych, Elizabeth M / Feldmann, Friederike / Bharti, Suman / Griffin, Amanda J / Schouest, Blake / Lewis, Matt / Choi, Jihae / Chokkalingam, Neethu / Machado, Viviane / Smith, Brian J / Frase, Drew / Ali, Ali R / Lovaglio, Jamie / Nguyen, Brian / Hanley, Patrick W / Walker, Susanne N / Gary, Ebony N /

Kulkarni, Abhijeet / Generotti, Allison / Francica, Joseph R / Rosenthal, Kim / Kulp, Daniel W / Esser, Mark T / Smith, Trevor R F / Shaia, Carl / Weiner, David B / Feldmann, Heinz

Emerging microbes & infections

2024 Volume 13, Issue 1, Page(s) 2294860

Abstract: COVID-19 remains a major public health concern. Monoclonal antibodies have received emergency use authorization (EUA) for pre-exposure prophylaxis against COVID-19 among high-risk groups for treatment of mild to moderate COVID-19. In addition to ... ...

Abstract	COVID-19 remains a major public health concern. Monoclonal antibodies have received emergency use authorization (EUA) for pre-exposure prophylaxis against COVID-19 among high-risk groups for treatment of mild to moderate COVID-19. In addition to recombinant biologics, engineered synthetic DNA-encoded antibodies (DMAb) are an important strategy for direct in vivo delivery of protective mAb. A DMAb cocktail was synthetically engineered to encode the immunoglobulin heavy and light chains of two different two different Fc-engineered anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. The DMAbs were designed to enhance in vivo expression and delivered intramuscularly to cynomolgus and rhesus macaques with a modified in vivo delivery regimen. Serum levels were detected in macaques, along with specific binding to SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor binding domain protein and neutralization of multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern in pseudovirus and authentic live virus assays. Prophylactic administration was protective in rhesus macaques against signs of SARS-CoV-2 (USA-WA1/2020) associated disease in the lungs. Overall, the data support further study of DNA-encoded antibodies as an additional delivery mode for prevention of COVID-19 severe disease. These data have implications for human translation of gene-encoded mAbs for emerging infectious diseases and low dose mAb delivery against COVID-19.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis ; Macaca mulatta ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; SARS-CoV-2/genetics ; Antibodies, Viral ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Macaca fascicularis ; DNA ; Antibodies, Neutralizing ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/genetics
Chemical Substances	Antibodies, Viral ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; DNA (9007-49-2) ; Antibodies, Neutralizing ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus ; spike protein, SARS-CoV-2
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-28
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2681359-2
ISSN	2222-1751 ; 2222-1751
ISSN (online)	2222-1751
ISSN	2222-1751
DOI	10.1080/22221751.2023.2294860
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Article ; Online: Advancing diversity, equity, and inclusion within clinical and translational science training programs: A qualitative content analysis of the training breakout session at the national CTSA program meeting.

Shay, L Aubree / Schmidt, Susanne / Thurston, Addison J / Campbell, Jennifer A / Dawson, Aprill Z / Egede, Leonard E / Ozieh, Mukoso N / Phillips, Shane A / Walker, Rebekah J / Williams, Joni S / Tsevat, Joel

Journal of clinical and translational science

2022 Volume 6, Issue 1, Page(s) e110

Abstract: Background: Diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) in clinical and translational science (CTS) are paramount to driving innovation and increasing health equity. One important area for improving diversity is among trainees in CTS programs. This paper ... ...

Abstract	Background: Diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) in clinical and translational science (CTS) are paramount to driving innovation and increasing health equity. One important area for improving diversity is among trainees in CTS programs. This paper reports on findings from a special session at the November 2020 Clinical and Translational Science Award (CTSA) national program meeting that focused on advancing diversity and inclusion within CTS training programs. Methods: Using qualitative content analysis, we identified approaches brought forth to increase DEI in KL2 career development and other training programs aimed at early-stage CTS investigators, beyond the six strategies put forth to guide the breakout session (prioritizing representation, building partnerships, making it personal, designing program structure, improving through feedback, and winning endorsement). We used an inductive qualitative content analysis approach to identify themes from a transcript of the panel of KL2 program leaders centered on DEI in training programs. Results: We identified four themes for advancing DEI within CTS training programs: 1) institutional buy-in; 2) proactive recruitment efforts; 3) an equitable application process; and 4) high-quality, diverse mentorship. Conclusion: Implementing these strategies in CTS and other training programs will be an important step for advancing DEI. However, processes need to be established to evaluate the implementation and effectiveness of these strategies through continuous quality improvement, a key component of the CTSA program. Training programs within the CTSA are well-positioned to be leaders in this critical effort to increase the diversity of the scientific workforce.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-08-15
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2059-8661
ISSN (online)	2059-8661
DOI	10.1017/cts.2022.442
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Article ; Online: Feasibility, impact, and priority of key strategies to enhance diverse and inclusive training programs in clinical and translational research: A mixed methods study.

Campbell, Jennifer A / Walker, Rebekah J / Dawson, Aprill Z / Ozieh, Mukoso N / Schmidt, Susanne / Shay, L Aubree / Williams, Joni S / Phillips, Shane A / Egede, Leonard E

Journal of clinical and translational science

2022 Volume 7, Issue 1, Page(s) e16

Abstract: Background: Enhancing diversity in the scientific workforce is a long-standing issue. This study uses mixed methods to understand the feasibility, impact, and priority of six key strategies to promote diverse and inclusive training and contextualize the ...

Abstract	Background: Enhancing diversity in the scientific workforce is a long-standing issue. This study uses mixed methods to understand the feasibility, impact, and priority of six key strategies to promote diverse and inclusive training and contextualize the six key strategies across Clinical and Translational Science Awards (CTSAs) Program Institutions. Methods: Four breakout sessions were held at the NCATS 2020 CTSA Program annual meeting focused on diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) efforts. This paper focuses on the breakout session for Enhancing DEI in Translational Science Training Programs. Data were analyzed using a mixed methods convergent approach. The quantitative strand includes the online polling results. The qualitative strand includes the breakout session and the chat box in response to the training presentation. Results: Across feasibility, impact, and priority questions, Conclusion: Findings provide robust support for prioritizing representation as a number one strategy to focus on in training programs. Specifically, this strategy can be operationalized through integration of community representation, diversity advocates, and adopting a holistic approach to recruiting a diverse cadre of scholars into translational science training programs at the national level across CTSAs.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-08-25
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2059-8661
ISSN (online)	2059-8661
DOI	10.1017/cts.2022.452
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Article ; Online: Mentoring strategies to support diversity in research-focused junior faculty: A scoping review.

Williams, Joni S / Walker, Rebekah J / Burgess, Kaylin M / Shay, L Aubree / Schmidt, Susanne / Tsevat, Joel / Campbell, Jennifer A / Dawson, Aprill Z / Ozieh, Mukoso N / Phillips, Shane A / Egede, Leonard E

Journal of clinical and translational science

2022 Volume 7, Issue 1, Page(s) e21

Abstract: Objective: The purpose of this scoping review is two-fold: to assess the literature that quantitatively measures outcomes of mentorship programs designed to support research-focused junior faculty and to identify mentoring strategies that promote ... ...

Abstract	Objective: The purpose of this scoping review is two-fold: to assess the literature that quantitatively measures outcomes of mentorship programs designed to support research-focused junior faculty and to identify mentoring strategies that promote diversity within academic medicine mentoring programs. Methods: Studies were identified by searching Medline using MESH terms for mentoring and academic medicine. Eligibility criteria included studies focused on junior faculty in research-focused positions, receiving mentorship, in an academic medical center in the USA, with outcomes collected to measure career success (career trajectory, career satisfaction, quality of life, research productivity, leadership positions). Data were abstracted using a standardized data collection form, and best practices were summarized. Results: Search terms resulted in 1,842 articles for title and abstract review, with 27 manuscripts meeting inclusion criteria. Two studies focused specifically on women, and four studies focused on junior faculty from racial/ethnic backgrounds underrepresented in medicine. From the initial search, few studies were designed to specifically increase diversity or capture outcomes relevant to promotion within academic medicine. Of those which did, most studies captured the impact on research productivity and career satisfaction. Traditional one-on-one mentorship, structured peer mentorship facilitated by a senior mentor, and peer mentorship in combination with one-on-one mentorship were found to be effective strategies to facilitate research productivity. Conclusion: Efforts are needed at the mentee, mentor, and institutional level to provide mentorship to diverse junior faculty on research competencies and career trajectory, create a sense of belonging, and connect junior faculty with institutional resources to support career success.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-10-06
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2059-8661
ISSN (online)	2059-8661
DOI	10.1017/cts.2022.474
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Article ; Online: Advancing diversity, equity, and inclusion within clinical and translational science training programs

L. Aubree Shay / Susanne Schmidt / Addison J. Thurston / Jennifer A. Campbell / Aprill Z. Dawson / Leonard E. Egede / Mukoso N. Ozieh / Shane A. Phillips / Rebekah J. Walker / Joni S. Williams / Joel Tsevat

Journal of Clinical and Translational Science, Vol

A qualitative content analysis of the training breakout session at the national CTSA program meeting

2022 Volume 6

Abstract: Abstract Background: Diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) in clinical and translational science (CTS) are paramount to driving innovation and increasing health equity. One important area for improving diversity is among trainees in CTS programs. This ... ...

Abstract	Abstract Background: Diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) in clinical and translational science (CTS) are paramount to driving innovation and increasing health equity. One important area for improving diversity is among trainees in CTS programs. This paper reports on findings from a special session at the November 2020 Clinical and Translational Science Award (CTSA) national program meeting that focused on advancing diversity and inclusion within CTS training programs. Methods: Using qualitative content analysis, we identified approaches brought forth to increase DEI in KL2 career development and other training programs aimed at early-stage CTS investigators, beyond the six strategies put forth to guide the breakout session (prioritizing representation, building partnerships, making it personal, designing program structure, improving through feedback, and winning endorsement). We used an inductive qualitative content analysis approach to identify themes from a transcript of the panel of KL2 program leaders centered on DEI in training programs. Results: We identified four themes for advancing DEI within CTS training programs: 1) institutional buy-in; 2) proactive recruitment efforts; 3) an equitable application process; and 4) high-quality, diverse mentorship. Conclusion: Implementing these strategies in CTS and other training programs will be an important step for advancing DEI. However, processes need to be established to evaluate the implementation and effectiveness of these strategies through continuous quality improvement, a key component of the CTSA program. Training programs within the CTSA are well-positioned to be leaders in this critical effort to increase the diversity of the scientific workforce.
Keywords	CTSA ; diversity ; equity and inclusion ; KL2/K12 ; qualitative ; training programs ; mentorship ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	796
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Cambridge University Press
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: The Uptake of Sporopollenin Exine Capsules and Associated Bioavailability of Adsorbed Oestradiol in Selected Aquatic Invertebrates.

Chapman, Emma / Meichanetzoglou, Aimilia / Boa, Andrew N / Hetjens, Hanne / Faetsch, Sonja / Teuchies, Johnny / Höss, Sebastian / Moore, Dean / Bervoets, Lieven / Kay, Paul / Heise, Susanne / Walker, Paul / Rotchell, Jeanette M

Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology

2021 Volume 107, Issue 5, Page(s) 876–882

Abstract: Lycopodium clavatum sporopollenin exine capsules (SpECs) are known to both adsorb and absorb chemicals. The aim of the present work was to determine whether oestradiol (E2) is 'bioavailable' to bioindicator species, either pre-adsorbed to, or in the ... ...

Abstract	Lycopodium clavatum sporopollenin exine capsules (SpECs) are known to both adsorb and absorb chemicals. The aim of the present work was to determine whether oestradiol (E2) is 'bioavailable' to bioindicator species, either pre-adsorbed to, or in the presence of, SpECs. SpEC uptake was confirmed for Daphnia magna and Dreissena bugensis. E2 levels varied among treatments for Caenorhabditis elegans though there was no relationship to SpEC load. E2 was not detected in D. bugensis tissues. Expression changes of general stress and E2-specific genes were measured. For C. elegans, NHR-14 expression suggested that SpECs modulate E2 impacts, but not general health responses. For D. magna, SpECs alone and with E2 changed Vtg1 and general stress responses. For D. bugensis, SpECS were taken up but no E2 or change in gene expression was detected after exposure to E2 and/or SpECs. The present study is the first to investigate SpECs and bound chemical dynamics.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Biological Availability ; Biopolymers ; Caenorhabditis elegans ; Capsules ; Carotenoids ; Daphnia ; Estradiol ; Water Pollutants, Chemical/toxicity
Chemical Substances	Biopolymers ; Capsules ; Water Pollutants, Chemical ; sporopollenin (12712-72-0) ; Carotenoids (36-88-4) ; Estradiol (4TI98Z838E)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-08-30
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	6895-0
ISSN	1432-0800 ; 0007-4861
ISSN (online)	1432-0800
ISSN	0007-4861
DOI	10.1007/s00128-021-03364-8
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Article ; Online: Evaluation of sequence variability in HIV-1 gp41 C-peptide helix-grafted proteins.

Tennyson, Rachel L / Walker, Susanne N / Ikeda, Terumasa / Harris, Reuben S / McNaughton, Brian R

Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry

2017 Volume 26, Issue 6, Page(s) 1220–1224

Abstract: ... of an intramolecular PPI involving HIV gp41 C-peptide helix, and HIV gp41 N-peptide trimer, which contain C-peptide ... helix-binding clefts. Here, we used yeast display to screen a library of grafted C-peptide helices for N ...

Abstract	Many therapeutically-relevant protein-protein interactions (PPIs) have been reported that feature a helix and helix-binding cleft at the interface. Given this, different approaches to disrupting such PPIs have been developed. While short peptides (<15 amino acids) typically do not fold into a stable helix, researchers have reported chemical approaches to constraining helix structure. However, these approaches rely on laborious, and often expensive, chemical synthesis and purification. Our premise is that protein-based solutions that stabilize a therapeutically-relevant helix offer a number of advantages. In contrast to chemically constrained helical peptides, or minimal/miniature proteins, which must be synthesized (at great expense and labor), a protein can be expressed in a cellular system (like all current protein therapeutics). If selected properly, the protein scaffold can stabilize the therapeutically-relevant helix. We recently reported a protein engineering strategy, which we call "helix-grafted display", and applied it to the challenge of suppressing HIV entry. We have reported helix-grafted display proteins that inhibit formation of an intramolecular PPI involving HIV gp41 C-peptide helix, and HIV gp41 N-peptide trimer, which contain C-peptide helix-binding clefts. Here, we used yeast display to screen a library of grafted C-peptide helices for N-peptide trimer recognition. Using 'hits' from yeast display library screening, we evaluated the effect helix mutations have on structure, expression, stability, function (target recognition), and suppression of HIV entry.
MeSH term(s)	Amino Acid Sequence ; Blood Proteins/chemistry ; Blood Proteins/genetics ; Blood Proteins/metabolism ; Cell Line ; Circular Dichroism ; HIV Envelope Protein gp41/chemistry ; HIV-1/metabolism ; Humans ; Peptide Library ; Peptides/genetics ; Peptides/metabolism ; Peptides/pharmacology ; Phosphoproteins/chemistry ; Phosphoproteins/genetics ; Phosphoproteins/metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Virus Internalization/drug effects
Chemical Substances	Blood Proteins ; HIV Envelope Protein gp41 ; Peptide Library ; Peptides ; Phosphoproteins ; platelet protein P47
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-08-01
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1161284-8
ISSN	1464-3391 ; 0968-0896
ISSN (online)	1464-3391
ISSN	0968-0896
DOI	10.1016/j.bmc.2017.07.064
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Article ; Online: Growth and neurodevelopmental outcomes of preterm and low birth weight infants in rural Kenya: a cross-sectional study.

Martin-Herz, Susanne P / Otieno, Phelgona / Laanoi, Grace M / Moshi, Vincent / Olieng'o Okoth, Geofrey / Santos, Nicole / Walker, Dilys

BMJ open

2023 Volume 13, Issue 8, Page(s) e064678

Abstract: Objective: Data on long-term outcomes of preterm (PT) and low birth weight (LBW) infants in countries with high rates of neonatal mortality and childhood stunting are limited, especially from community settings. The current study sought to explore ... ...

Abstract	Objective: Data on long-term outcomes of preterm (PT) and low birth weight (LBW) infants in countries with high rates of neonatal mortality and childhood stunting are limited, especially from community settings. The current study sought to explore growth and neurodevelopmental outcomes of PT/LBW infants from a rural community-based setting of Kenya up to 18 months adjusted age. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Migori County, Kenya. Participants: Three hundred and eighty-two PT/LBW infants (50.2% of those identified as eligible) from a cluster randomised control trial evaluating a package of facility-based intrapartum quality of care interventions for newborn survival consented for follow-up. Outcome measures: Caregiver interviews and infant health, growth and neurodevelopmental assessments were completed at 6, 12 or 18 months±2 weeks. Data included sociodemographic information, medical history, growth measurements and neurodevelopmental assessment using the Ten Questions Questionnaire, Malawi Developmental Assessment Tool and Hammersmith Infant Neurological Examination. Analyses were descriptive and univariate regression models. No alterations were made to planned data collection. Results: The final sample included 362 PT/LBW infants, of which 56.6% were moderate to late PT infants and 64.4% were LBW. Fewer than 2% of parents identified their child as currently malnourished, but direct measurement revealed higher proportions of stunting and underweight than in national demographic and health survey reports. Overall, 22.7% of caregivers expressed concern about their child's neurodevelopmental status. Neurodevelopmental delays were identified in 8.6% of infants based on one or more standardised tools, and 1.9% showed neurological findings indicative of cerebral palsy. Conclusions: Malnutrition and neurodevelopmental delays are common among PT/LBW infants in this setting. Close monitoring and access to early intervention programmes are needed to help these vulnerable infants thrive. Trial registration number: NCT03112018.
MeSH term(s)	Child ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Humans ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Kenya/epidemiology ; Rural Population ; Growth Disorders/epidemiology ; Infant Mortality ; Malnutrition ; Infant, Low Birth Weight
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-31
Publishing country	England
Document type	Randomized Controlled Trial ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2599832-8
ISSN	2044-6055 ; 2044-6055
ISSN (online)	2044-6055
ISSN	2044-6055
DOI	10.1136/bmjopen-2022-064678
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