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Article ; Online: Interferon-ε as potential inhibitor of Chlamydia trachomatis infection.

Filardo, Simone / Di Pietro, Marisa / Bozzuto, Giuseppina / Fracella, Matteo / Bitossi, Camilla / Molinari, Agnese / Scagnolari, Carolina / Antonelli, Guido / Sessa, Rosa

Microbial pathogenesis

2023 Volume 185, Page(s) 106427

Abstract: Chlamydia trachomatis, the main cause of bacterial sexually transmitted diseases, is responsible for severe reproductive sequelae. Amongst all the cytokines involved in host immunity towards this pathogen, IFN-ε has recently acquired importance for its ... ...

Abstract	Chlamydia trachomatis, the main cause of bacterial sexually transmitted diseases, is responsible for severe reproductive sequelae. Amongst all the cytokines involved in host immunity towards this pathogen, IFN-ε has recently acquired importance for its potential contribution to the female reproductive tract innate defenses. Herein, our study aimed to explore, for the first time, the activity of IFN-ε toward C. trachomatis in an in vitro infection model, by testing its effects on the different phases of chlamydial developmental cycle, as well as on the ultrastructural characteristics of chlamydial inclusions, via transmission electron microscopy. Main result is the capability of IFN-ε to alter C. trachomatis growth, as suggested by reduced infectious progenies, as well as a patchy distribution of bacteria and altered morphology of reticulate bodies within inclusions. In conclusion, our results suggest that IFN-ε could play a role in the innate and adaptive immune defenses against C. trachomatis; in the future, it will be needed to investigate its activity on an infection model more closely resembling the physiological environment of the female genital tract.
MeSH term(s)	Female ; Humans ; Chlamydia trachomatis ; Chlamydia Infections ; Cytokines ; Reproduction ; Interferons
Chemical Substances	Cytokines ; Interferons (9008-11-1)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-27
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	632772-2
ISSN	1096-1208 ; 0882-4010
ISSN (online)	1096-1208
ISSN	0882-4010
DOI	10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106427
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Article: The Antimicrobial Peptide Esc(1-21) Synergizes with Colistin in Inhibiting the Growth and in Killing Multidrug Resistant

Sacco, Federica / Bitossi, Camilla / Casciaro, Bruno / Loffredo, Maria Rosa / Fabiano, Guendalina / Torrini, Luisa / Raponi, Flavia / Raponi, Giammarco / Mangoni, Maria Luisa

Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland)

2022 Volume 11, Issue 2

Abstract: Multidrug-resistant microbial infections and the scarce availability of new antibiotics capable of eradicating them are posing a serious problem to global health security. Among the microorganisms that easily acquire resistance to antibiotics and that ... ...

Abstract	Multidrug-resistant microbial infections and the scarce availability of new antibiotics capable of eradicating them are posing a serious problem to global health security. Among the microorganisms that easily acquire resistance to antibiotics and that are the etiological cause of severe infections, there is
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-11
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2681345-2
ISSN	2079-6382
ISSN	2079-6382
DOI	10.3390/antibiotics11020234
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Article: Alterations in the Expression of IFN Lambda, IFN Gamma and Toll-like Receptors in Severe COVID-19 Patients.

Sorrentino, Leonardo / Fracella, Matteo / Frasca, Federica / D'Auria, Alessandra / Santinelli, Letizia / Maddaloni, Luca / Bugani, Ginevra / Bitossi, Camilla / Gentile, Massimo / Ceccarelli, Giancarlo / Turriziani, Ombretta / Mastroianni, Claudio Maria / Antonelli, Guido / d'Ettorre, Gabriella / Pierangeli, Alessandra / Scagnolari, Carolina

Microorganisms

2023 Volume 11, Issue 3

Abstract: Contradictory results have been reported regarding interferon (IFN) lambda (λ1-3) and IFN gamma (γ) production in COVID-19 patients. To gain insight into the roles played by these IFNs in SARS-CoV-2 infection, IFNλ1-3 and IFNγ mRNA expression was ... ...

Abstract	Contradictory results have been reported regarding interferon (IFN) lambda (λ1-3) and IFN gamma (γ) production in COVID-19 patients. To gain insight into the roles played by these IFNs in SARS-CoV-2 infection, IFNλ1-3 and IFNγ mRNA expression was evaluated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) (
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-08
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2720891-6
ISSN	2076-2607
ISSN	2076-2607
DOI	10.3390/microorganisms11030689
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Article: Distribution of

Sorrentino, Leonardo / Silvestri, Valentina / Oliveto, Giuseppe / Scordio, Mirko / Frasca, Federica / Fracella, Matteo / Bitossi, Camilla / D'Auria, Alessandra / Santinelli, Letizia / Gabriele, Lucia / Pierangeli, Alessandra / Mastroianni, Claudio Maria / d'Ettorre, Gabriella / Antonelli, Guido / Caruz, Antonio / Ottini, Laura / Scagnolari, Carolina

Microorganisms

2022 Volume 10, Issue 2

Abstract: Type III interferons (IFN-III), also known as IFN-Lambda, have a pivotal role during SARS-CoV-2 infection. IFN-Lambda response among individuals is heterogeneous and its association with COVID-19 symptoms severity needs to be further clarified. We ... ...

Abstract	Type III interferons (IFN-III), also known as IFN-Lambda, have a pivotal role during SARS-CoV-2 infection. IFN-Lambda response among individuals is heterogeneous and its association with COVID-19 symptoms severity needs to be further clarified. We analyzed the genotype frequencies of
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-04
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2720891-6
ISSN	2076-2607
ISSN	2076-2607
DOI	10.3390/microorganisms10020363
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Article ; Online: Analysis of serum microRNAs and rs2910164 GC single-nucleotide polymorphism of miRNA-146a in COVID-19 patients.

Pinacchio, Claudia / Scordio, Mirko / Santinelli, Letizia / Frasca, Federica / Sorrentino, Leonardo / Bitossi, Camilla / Oliveto, Giuseppe / Viscido, Agnese / Ceci, Flavio Maria / Celani, Luigi / Ceccarelli, Giancarlo / Antonelli, Guido / Mastroianni, Claudio Maria / d'Ettorre, Gabriella / Scagnolari, Carolina

Journal of immunoassay & immunochemistry

2022 Volume 43, Issue 4, Page(s) 347–364

Abstract: Alteration of micro-RNAs (miRNAs) expression, including miRNA-122a, -146a and -205 family members, can have profound effects on inflammatory and IFN pathways (miRNA-146a), known as hallmarks of COVID-19. SARS-CoV-2-infected patients were recruited at ... ...

Abstract	Alteration of micro-RNAs (miRNAs) expression, including miRNA-122a, -146a and -205 family members, can have profound effects on inflammatory and IFN pathways (miRNA-146a), known as hallmarks of COVID-19. SARS-CoV-2-infected patients were recruited at Policlinico Umberto I Hospital of Sapienza University of Rome (Italy). MiRNA-122a, -146a, -205 and IFI27 (Interferon Alpha Inducible Protein 27) levels were screened in SARS-CoV-2 patients (n = 14) and healthy controls (n = 10) by real-time RT-PCR assays. Then, miRNA-146a rs2910164 GC single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) was genotyped in a larger group of COVID-19 patients (n = 129), and its relationship with severe disease [Intensive Care Unit (ICU) support or survival/death] was assessed. SARS-CoV-2-positive patients had increased PCR, D-Dimer and Fibrinogen levels compared to healthy controls (p < .05 for all measurements). MiRNA-122a and -146a serum levels were upregulated in COVID-19 patients (miRNA-122a: p = .002; miRNA-146a: p < .001). Decreased IFI27 levels were observed in COVID-19 patients with higher miRNA-146a levels (p = .047). Moreover, miRNA-146a rs2910164 C/G genotypes distributions were similar in COVID-19 patients and in validated European healthy subjects (n = 37,214). MiRNA-146a SNP was not associated with severe COVID-19 outcome (ICU or death). MiRNA-122a and -146a levels were elevated in SARS-CoV-2 infected patients, with miRNA-146a upregulation possibly contributing to IFN pathways dysregulation (e.g., reduced IFI27 levels) observed in severe COVID-19, although there is no evidence for the involvement of rs2910164 SNP.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Case-Control Studies ; Circulating MicroRNA ; COVID-19/genetics ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genotype ; MicroRNAs/genetics ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; SARS-CoV-2
Chemical Substances	Circulating MicroRNA ; MicroRNAs ; MIRN146 microRNA, human
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-28
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2050610-7
ISSN	1532-4230 ; 1532-1819
ISSN (online)	1532-4230
ISSN	1532-1819
DOI	10.1080/15321819.2022.2035394
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Article: SARS-CoV-2 Entry Genes Expression in Relation with Interferon Response in Cystic Fibrosis Patients.

Bitossi, Camilla / Frasca, Federica / Viscido, Agnese / Oliveto, Giuseppe / Scordio, Mirko / Belloni, Laura / Cimino, Giuseppe / Pietropaolo, Valeria / Gentile, Massimo / d'Ettorre, Gabriella / Midulla, Fabio / Trancassini, Maria / Antonelli, Guido / Pierangeli, Alessandra / Scagnolari, Carolina

Microorganisms

2021 Volume 9, Issue 1

Abstract: The expression rate of SARS-CoV-2 entry genes, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), the main viral receptor and the proteases, furin and transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2) in cystic fibrosis (CF) individuals is poorly known. Hence, we examined ... ...

Abstract	The expression rate of SARS-CoV-2 entry genes, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), the main viral receptor and the proteases, furin and transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2) in cystic fibrosis (CF) individuals is poorly known. Hence, we examined their levels in upper respiratory samples of CF patients (
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-01-03
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2720891-6
ISSN	2076-2607
ISSN	2076-2607
DOI	10.3390/microorganisms9010093
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Article ; Online: Challenges in the management of HIV infection: update on the role of probiotic supplementation as a possible complementary therapeutic strategy for cART treated people living with HIV/AIDS.

Ceccarelli, Giancarlo / Statzu, Maura / Santinelli, Letizia / Pinacchio, Claudia / Bitossi, Camilla / Cavallari, Eugenio Nelson / Vullo, Vincenzo / Scagnolari, Carolina / d'Ettorre, GabrieIla

Expert opinion on biological therapy

2019 Volume 19, Issue 9, Page(s) 949–965

Abstract: ... ...

Abstract	Introduction
MeSH term(s)	Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/complications ; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/immunology ; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/therapy ; Animals ; Dysbiosis/complications ; Dysbiosis/therapy ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; HIV Infections/complications ; HIV Infections/immunology ; HIV Infections/therapy ; Humans ; Intestinal Mucosa/immunology ; Probiotics/administration & dosage ; Probiotics/therapeutic use
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-07-10
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2052501-1
ISSN	1744-7682 ; 1471-2598
ISSN (online)	1744-7682
ISSN	1471-2598
DOI	10.1080/14712598.2019.1638907
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Article ; Online: Alterations in the Expression of IFN Lambda, IFN Gamma and Toll-like Receptors in Severe COVID-19 Patients

Leonardo Sorrentino / Matteo Fracella / Federica Frasca / Alessandra D’Auria / Letizia Santinelli / Luca Maddaloni / Ginevra Bugani / Camilla Bitossi / Massimo Gentile / Giancarlo Ceccarelli / Ombretta Turriziani / Claudio Maria Mastroianni / Guido Antonelli / Gabriella d’Ettorre / Alessandra Pierangeli / Carolina Scagnolari

Microorganisms, Vol 11, Iss 689, p

2023 Volume 689

Abstract: Contradictory results have been reported regarding interferon (IFN) lambda (λ1–3) and IFN gamma (γ) production in COVID-19 patients. To gain insight into the roles played by these IFNs in SARS-CoV-2 infection, IFNλ1–3 and IFNγ mRNA expression was ... ...

Abstract	Contradictory results have been reported regarding interferon (IFN) lambda (λ1–3) and IFN gamma (γ) production in COVID-19 patients. To gain insight into the roles played by these IFNs in SARS-CoV-2 infection, IFNλ1–3 and IFNγ mRNA expression was evaluated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) ( n = 32) and in cells of paired bronchoalveolar lavages (BALs) ( n = 12). Lower IFNλ1–3 values ( p < 0.001 for IFNλ1 and 3 and p = 0.013 for IFNλ2) in the PBMCs of severely ill patients were found compared to healthy donors ( n = 15). Reduced levels of IFNγ were also detected in patients’ PBMCs ( p < 0.01) and BALs ( p = 0.041) compared to healthy donors. The presence of secondary bacterial infections was associated with decreased IFNλ amounts in PBMCs ( p = 0.001, p = 0.015 and p = 0.003, respectively) but increased concentrations of IFNλ3 ( p = 0.022) in BALs. Patients with alterations in C-reactive protein, lactate dehydrogenase and D-dimer levels had decreased IFNλ1 and 3 ( p = 0.003 and p < 0.001) and increased IFNγ ( p = 0.08) in PBMCs. Analyzing Toll-like receptors (TLRs) involved in IFN production, we found that TLR3 was highly expressed ( p = 0.033) in patients with bacterial superinfections, while TLR7 and 8 ( p = 0.029 and p = 0.049) were reduced in BALs of deceased patients. Overall, severe COVID-19 might be characterized by dysregulation in IFNγ, IFNλ and TLR3, 7 and 8 production.
Keywords	interferon ; COVID-19 ; immunology ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
Subject code	610
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article ; Online: No detection of SARS-CoV-2 in cystic fibrosis patients at the Regional (Lazio) Reference Center for CF in Italy.

Scagnolari, Carolina / Bitossi, Camilla / Frasca, Federica / Viscido, Agnese / Oliveto, Giuseppe / Scordio, Mirko / De Vito, Corrado / Trancassini, Maria / Midulla, Fabio / Cimino, Giuseppe / Pierangeli, Alessandra / Antonelli, Guido

Journal of cystic fibrosis : official journal of the European Cystic Fibrosis Society

2020 Volume 19, Issue 5, Page(s) 837–838

MeSH term(s)	Betacoronavirus ; COVID-19 ; COVID-19 Testing ; Clinical Laboratory Techniques ; Coronavirus ; Coronavirus Infections/diagnosis ; Cystic Fibrosis ; Humans ; Italy ; Pandemics ; Pneumonia, Viral ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; SARS-CoV-2
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-06-23
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Letter ; Comment
ZDB-ID	2084724-5
ISSN	1873-5010 ; 1569-1993
ISSN (online)	1873-5010
ISSN	1569-1993
DOI	10.1016/j.jcf.2020.06.018
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Article ; Online: ACE2 expression is related to the interferon response in airway epithelial cells but is that functional for SARS-CoV-2 entry?

Scagnolari, Carolina / Bitossi, Camilla / Viscido, Agnese / Frasca, Federica / Oliveto, Giuseppe / Scordio, Mirko / Petrarca, Laura / Mancino, Enrica / Nenna, Raffaella / Riva, Elisabetta / De Vito, Corrado / Midulla, Fabio / Antonelli, Guido / Pierangeli, Alessandra

Cytokine

2021 Volume 140, Page(s) 155430

Abstract: In vitro interferon (IFN)α treatment of primary human upper airway basal cells has been shown to drive ACE2 expression, the receptor of SARS-CoV-2. The protease furin is also involved in mediating SARS-CoV-2 and other viral infections, although its ... ...

Abstract	In vitro interferon (IFN)α treatment of primary human upper airway basal cells has been shown to drive ACE2 expression, the receptor of SARS-CoV-2. The protease furin is also involved in mediating SARS-CoV-2 and other viral infections, although its association with early IFN response has not been evaluated yet. In order to assess the in vivo relationship between ACE2 and furin expression and the IFN response in nasopharyngeal cells, we first examined ACE2 and furin levels and their correlation with the well-known marker of IFNs' activation, ISG15, in children (n = 59) and adults (n = 48), during respiratory diseases not caused by SARS-CoV-2. A strong positive correlation was found between ACE2 expression, but not of furin, and ISG15 in all patients analyzed. In addition, type I and III IFN stimulation experiments were performed to examine the IFN-mediated activation of ACE2 isoforms (full-length and truncated) and furin in epithelial cell lines. Following all the IFNs treatments, only the truncated ACE2 levels, were upregulated significantly in the A549 and Calu3 cells, in particular by type I IFNs. If confirmed in vivo following IFNs' activation, the induction of the truncated ACE2 isoform only would not enhance the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the respiratory tract.
MeSH term(s)	A549 Cells ; Adult ; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2/genetics ; Antiviral Agents/metabolism ; Antiviral Agents/pharmacology ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; COVID-19/virology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Child ; Cytokines/genetics ; Epithelial Cells/drug effects ; Epithelial Cells/metabolism ; Gene Expression/drug effects ; Humans ; Interferons/metabolism ; Interferons/pharmacology ; Lung/cytology ; Middle Aged ; SARS-CoV-2/drug effects ; SARS-CoV-2/physiology ; Ubiquitins/genetics
Chemical Substances	Antiviral Agents ; Cytokines ; Ubiquitins ; ISG15 protein, human (60267-61-0) ; Interferons (9008-11-1) ; ACE2 protein, human (EC 3.4.17.23) ; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (EC 3.4.17.23)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-01-15
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1018055-2
ISSN	1096-0023 ; 1043-4666
ISSN (online)	1096-0023
ISSN	1043-4666
DOI	10.1016/j.cyto.2021.155430
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