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  1. Article: Asylum for the fearful: A Jain innovation of the early Tamil land.

    Somasundaram, O / Raghavan, Vijaya

    Indian journal of psychiatry

    2020  Volume 62, Issue 1, Page(s) 107–108

    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-01-03
    Publishing country India
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 221523-8
    ISSN 0019-5545
    ISSN 0019-5545
    DOI 10.4103/psychiatry.IndianJPsychiatry_149_19
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

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  2. Article: Histamine Potentiates SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Entry Into Endothelial Cells.

    Raghavan, Somasundaram / Leo, M Dennis

    Frontiers in pharmacology

    2022  Volume 13, Page(s) 872736

    Abstract: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) which causes coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is one of the most serious global health crises in recent history. COVID-19 patient symptoms range from life-threatening to mild and asymptomatic, ... ...

    Abstract Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) which causes coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is one of the most serious global health crises in recent history. COVID-19 patient symptoms range from life-threatening to mild and asymptomatic, which presents unique problems in identifying, quarantining, and treating the affected individuals. The emergence of unusual symptoms among survivors, now referred to as "Long COVID", is concerning, especially since much about the condition and the treatment of it is still relatively unknown. Evidence so far also suggests that some of these symptoms can be attributed to vascular inflammation. Although famotidine, the commonly used histamine H2 receptor (H2R) blocker, was shown to have no antiviral activity, recent reports indicate that it could prevent adverse outcomes in COVID-19 patients. Histamine is a classic proinflammatory mediator, the levels of which increase along with other cytokines during COVID-19 infection. Histamine activates H2R signaling, while famotidine specifically blocks H2R activation. Investigating the effects of recombinant SARS-CoV-2 spike protein S1 Receptor-Binding Domain (Spike) on ACE2 expression in cultured human coronary artery endothelial cells, we found that the presence of histamine potentiated spike-mediated ACE2 internalization into endothelial cells. This effect was blocked by famotidine, protein kinase A inhibition, or by H2 receptor protein knockdown. Together, these results indicate that histamine and histamine receptor signaling is likely essential for spike protein to induce ACE2 internalization in endothelial cells and cause endothelial dysfunction and that this effect can be blocked by the H2R blocker, famotidine.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-04-25
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2587355-6
    ISSN 1663-9812
    ISSN 1663-9812
    DOI 10.3389/fphar.2022.872736
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Extracellular glucose and dysfunctional insulin receptor signaling independently upregulate arterial smooth muscle TMEM16A expression.

    Raghavan, Somasundaram / Brishti, Masuma Akter / Bernardelli, Angelica / Mata-Daboin, Alejandro / Jaggar, Jonathan H / Leo, M Dennis

    American journal of physiology. Cell physiology

    2024  Volume 326, Issue 4, Page(s) C1237–C1247

    Abstract: Diabetes alters the function of ion channels responsible for regulating arterial smooth muscle membrane potential, resulting in vasoconstriction. Our prior research demonstrated an elevation of TMEM16A in diabetic arteries. Here, we explored the ... ...

    Abstract Diabetes alters the function of ion channels responsible for regulating arterial smooth muscle membrane potential, resulting in vasoconstriction. Our prior research demonstrated an elevation of TMEM16A in diabetic arteries. Here, we explored the mechanisms involved in Transmembrane protein 16A (
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Mice ; Anoctamin-1/metabolism ; Arteries/metabolism ; Diabetes Mellitus/metabolism ; Insulins ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism ; Receptor, Insulin/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Anoctamin-1 ; Insulins ; Receptor, Insulin (EC 2.7.10.1) ; ANO1 protein, mouse
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-04
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 392098-7
    ISSN 1522-1563 ; 0363-6143
    ISSN (online) 1522-1563
    ISSN 0363-6143
    DOI 10.1152/ajpcell.00555.2023
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Rab GTPases as Modulators of Vascular Function.

    Raghavan, Somasundaram / Brishti, Masuma Akter / Leo, M Dennis

    Cells

    2022  Volume 11, Issue 19

    Abstract: Rab GTPases, the largest family of small GTPases, are ubiquitously expressed proteins that control various aspects of cellular function, from cell survival to exocytosis. Rabs cycle between the GDP-bound inactive form and the GTP-bound active form. When ... ...

    Abstract Rab GTPases, the largest family of small GTPases, are ubiquitously expressed proteins that control various aspects of cellular function, from cell survival to exocytosis. Rabs cycle between the GDP-bound inactive form and the GTP-bound active form. When activated, specific Rab GTPase-positive vesicles mediate cellular networks involved in intracellular trafficking, recycling, and/or exocytosis of cargo proteins. Dysfunctional Rab signaling pathways have been implicated in various disease processes. The precise cellular functions of several members of the Rab GTPase family are still unknown. A lack of pharmacological tools and the lethality of gene knockouts have made more detailed characterizations of their protein interaction networks difficult. Nevertheless, available evidence suggests that these proteins are vital for normal cell function. Endothelial and smooth muscle cells control vascular lumen diameter and modulate blood flow. Endothelial cells also secrete several pro- and antithrombotic factors and vasoactive substances to coordinate local inflammatory responses and angiogenesis. Rab GTPase function in endothelial cells has been relatively well-explored, while only a handful of reports are available on these proteins in vascular smooth muscle. This review summarizes the present knowledge on Rab GTPases in the vasculature.
    MeSH term(s) Endothelial Cells/metabolism ; Exocytosis ; Fibrinolytic Agents ; Guanosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; rab GTP-Binding Proteins/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Fibrinolytic Agents ; Guanosine Triphosphate (86-01-1) ; rab GTP-Binding Proteins (EC 3.6.5.2)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-09-29
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 2661518-6
    ISSN 2073-4409 ; 2073-4409
    ISSN (online) 2073-4409
    ISSN 2073-4409
    DOI 10.3390/cells11193061
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article: SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Induces Degradation of Junctional Proteins That Maintain Endothelial Barrier Integrity.

    Raghavan, Somasundaram / Kenchappa, Divya Borsandra / Leo, M Dennis

    Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine

    2021  Volume 8, Page(s) 687783

    Abstract: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) uses the Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor present on the cell surface to enter cells. Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 is present in many cell types including endothelial cells, ... ...

    Abstract Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) uses the Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor present on the cell surface to enter cells. Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 is present in many cell types including endothelial cells, where it functions to protect against oxidative damage. There is growing evidence to suggest that coronavirus disease (COVID-19) patients exhibit a wide range of post-recovery symptoms and shows signs related to cardiovascular and specifically, endothelial damage. We hypothesized that these vascular symptoms might be associated with disrupted endothelial barrier integrity. This was investigated
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-06-11
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2781496-8
    ISSN 2297-055X
    ISSN 2297-055X
    DOI 10.3389/fcvm.2021.687783
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article: Hypoxia induces purinergic receptor signaling to disrupt endothelial barrier function.

    Raghavan, Somasundaram / Brishti, Masuma Akter / Collier, Daniel Mohr / Leo, M Dennis

    Frontiers in physiology

    2022  Volume 13, Page(s) 1049698

    Abstract: Blood-brain-barrier permeability is regulated by endothelial junctional proteins and is vital in limiting access to and from the blood to the CNS. When stressed, several cells, including endothelial cells, can release nucleotides like ATP and ADP that ... ...

    Abstract Blood-brain-barrier permeability is regulated by endothelial junctional proteins and is vital in limiting access to and from the blood to the CNS. When stressed, several cells, including endothelial cells, can release nucleotides like ATP and ADP that signal through purinergic receptors on these cells to disrupt BBB permeability. While this process is primarily protective, unrestricted, uncontrolled barrier disruption during injury or inflammation can lead to serious neurological consequences. Purinergic receptors are broadly classified into two families: the P1 adenosine and P2 nucleotide receptors. The P2 receptors are further sub-classified into the P2XR ion channels and the P2YR GPCRs. While ATP mainly activates P2XRs, P2YRs have a broader range of ligand selectivity. The P2Y1R, essential for platelet function, is reportedly ubiquitous in its expression. Prior studies using gene knockout and specific antagonists have shown that these approaches have neuroprotective effects following occlusive stroke. Here we investigated the expression of P2Y1R in primary cultured brain endothelial cells and its relation to the maintenance of BBB function. Results show that following
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-11-21
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2564217-0
    ISSN 1664-042X
    ISSN 1664-042X
    DOI 10.3389/fphys.2022.1049698
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Diabetic Endothelial Cell Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3β Activation Induces VCAM1 Ectodomain Shedding.

    Brishti, Masuma Akter / Raghavan, Somasundaram / Lamar, Kennedy / Singh, Udai P / Collier, Daniel M / Leo, M Dennis

    International journal of molecular sciences

    2023  Volume 24, Issue 18

    Abstract: Soluble cell adhesion molecules (sCAMs) are secreted ectodomain fragments of surface adhesion molecules, ICAM1 and VCAM1. sCAMs have diverse immune functions beyond their primary function, impacting immune cell recruitment and activation. Elevated sVCAM1 ...

    Abstract Soluble cell adhesion molecules (sCAMs) are secreted ectodomain fragments of surface adhesion molecules, ICAM1 and VCAM1. sCAMs have diverse immune functions beyond their primary function, impacting immune cell recruitment and activation. Elevated sVCAM1 levels have been found to be associated with poor cardiovascular disease (CVD) outcomes, supporting VCAM1's role as a potential diagnostic marker and therapeutic target. Inhibiting sVCAM1's release or its interaction with immune cells could offer cardioprotection in conditions such as diabetes. Membrane-bound surface adhesion molecules are widely expressed in a wide variety of cell types with higher expression in endothelial cells (ECs). Still, the source of sCAMs in the circulation is not clear. Hypothesizing that endothelial cells (ECs) could be a potential source of sCAMs, this study investigated whether dysfunctional EC signaling mechanisms during diabetes cause VCAM1 ectodomain shedding. Our results from samples from an inducible diabetic mouse model revealed increased sVCAM1 plasma levels in diabetes. Protein analysis indicated upregulated VCAM1 expression and metalloproteases ADAM10 and ADAM17 in diabetic ECs. ADAMs are known for proteolytic cleavage of adhesion molecules, contributing to inflammation. GSK3β, implicated in EC VCAM1 expression, was found to be activated in diabetic ECs. GSK3β activation in control ECs increased ADAM10/17 and VCAM1. A GSK3β inhibitor reduced active GSK3β and VCAM1 ectodomain shedding. These findings suggest diabetic ECs with elevated GSK3β activity led to VCAM1 upregulation and ADAM10/17-mediated sVCAM1 shedding. This mechanism underscores the potential therapeutic role of GSK3β inhibition in reducing the levels of circulating sVCAM1. The complex roles of sCAMs extend well beyond CVD. Thus, unraveling the intricate involvement of sCAMs in the initiation and progression of vascular disease, particularly in diabetes, holds significant therapeutic potential.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Mice ; ADAM10 Protein ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Endothelial Cells ; Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta ; Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1
    Chemical Substances ADAM10 Protein (EC 3.4.24.81) ; Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta (EC 2.7.11.1) ; Gsk3b protein, mouse (EC 2.7.11.1) ; Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-09-14
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2019364-6
    ISSN 1422-0067 ; 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
    ISSN (online) 1422-0067
    ISSN 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
    DOI 10.3390/ijms241814105
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article: Jainism - Its relevance to psychiatric practice; with special reference to the practice of

    Somasundaram, Ottilingam / Tejus Murthy, A G / Raghavan, D Vijaya

    Indian journal of psychiatry

    2016  Volume 58, Issue 4, Page(s) 471–474

    Abstract: Jainism is one of the oldest religions of India. Since the founding of the religion, Jainism has given prominence ... ...

    Abstract Jainism is one of the oldest religions of India. Since the founding of the religion, Jainism has given prominence to
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-10
    Publishing country India
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 221523-8
    ISSN 0019-5545
    ISSN 0019-5545
    DOI 10.4103/0019-5545.196702
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article: Drinking habits in ancient India.

    Somasundaram, Ottilingam / Raghavan, D Vijaya / Murthy, A G Tejus

    Indian journal of psychiatry

    2016  Volume 58, Issue 1, Page(s) 93–96

    Abstract: Consumption of one or other form of intoxicating substances has been present throughout the history of the world. This article traces such use in the Indian subcontinent, both in North and South India. References to the use of intoxicants are to be found ...

    Abstract Consumption of one or other form of intoxicating substances has been present throughout the history of the world. This article traces such use in the Indian subcontinent, both in North and South India. References to the use of intoxicants are to be found in the Vedas, the Great Epics, and the ancient Tamil literature.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-01
    Publishing country India
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 221523-8
    ISSN 0019-5545
    ISSN 0019-5545
    DOI 10.4103/0019-5545.174396
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article: Cardiovascular Impacts on COVID-19 Infected Patients.

    Raghavan, Somasundaram / Gayathri, R / Kancharla, Sudhakar / Kolli, Prachetha / Ranjitha, J / Shankar, Vijayalakshmi

    Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine

    2021  Volume 8, Page(s) 670659

    Abstract: The SARS-CoV-2 virus has taken more than 2 million lives on a global scale. Over 10 million people were confirmed with COVID-19 infection. The well-known spot of primary infection includes the lungs and the respiratory system. Recently it has been ... ...

    Abstract The SARS-CoV-2 virus has taken more than 2 million lives on a global scale. Over 10 million people were confirmed with COVID-19 infection. The well-known spot of primary infection includes the lungs and the respiratory system. Recently it has been reported that the cardiovascular system and coagulation mechanisms were the second major targets of biological system affected due to the viral replication. The replication mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 involves the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2- (ACE2) surface receptors of endothelial cells belonging to various organs which act as the binding site for the viral spike (S) protein of SARS-CoV-2. The COVID-19 virus has been recently listed as a primary risk factor for the following cardiovascular conditions such as pericarditis, myocarditis, arrhythmias, myocardial injury, cardiac arrest, heart failure and coagulation abnormalities in the patients confirmed with COVID-19 viral infection. Direct and indirect type of tissue damage were the two major categories detected with cardiovascular abnormalities. Direct myocardial cell injury and indirect damage to the myocardial cell due to inflammation were clinically reported. Few drugs were clinically administered to regulate the vital biological mechanism along with symptomatic treatment and supportive therapy.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-05-13
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2781496-8
    ISSN 2297-055X
    ISSN 2297-055X
    DOI 10.3389/fcvm.2021.670659
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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