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Article ; Online: Egyptian Dynasties to Biologics: A Historical Review of Nasal Polyposis.

Jongbloed, Walter M / Tessema, Belachew

Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery

2024

Abstract: The history of nasal polyposis originates even before Hippocrates described a nasal mass that he likened to a sea polyp. References to sinonasal disease and treatment can be found in ancient texts, such as the Ebers Papyrus and the Edwin Smith Papyrus of ...

Abstract	The history of nasal polyposis originates even before Hippocrates described a nasal mass that he likened to a sea polyp. References to sinonasal disease and treatment can be found in ancient texts, such as the Ebers Papyrus and the Edwin Smith Papyrus of Ancient Egypt, as well as in the foundational texts of Ayurvedic medicine. Greek philosophers marked a significant shift away from the belief that illness was a result of divine intervention and embraced medical theory. Over the subsequent millennia, the understanding of nasal polyposis expanded, resulting in notable progress in surgical procedures and medical treatments. However, the complex pathophysiology of this condition remained enigmatic until breakthroughs in basic science and immunology. This historical journey takes us from the tomb of the first rhinologist in 2500 BC to the development of immune-modulating biologics.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-26
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	392085-9
ISSN	1097-6817 ; 0161-6439 ; 0194-5998
ISSN (online)	1097-6817
ISSN	0161-6439 ; 0194-5998
DOI	10.1002/ohn.786
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Article ; Online: Bacterial profile, antimicrobial susceptibility patterns, and associated factors of community-acquired pneumonia among adult patients in Gondar, Northwest Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study.

Assefa, Muluneh / Tigabu, Abiye / Belachew, Teshome / Tessema, Belay

PloS one

2022 Volume 17, Issue 2, Page(s) e0262956

Abstract: Introduction: Community-acquired pneumonia is associated with higher morbidity, hospitalization, and mortality in adults. Likewise, antimicrobial resistance has increased in recent decades in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study was aimed to determine the ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Community-acquired pneumonia is associated with higher morbidity, hospitalization, and mortality in adults. Likewise, antimicrobial resistance has increased in recent decades in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study was aimed to determine the bacterial isolates, their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns, and factors associated with community-acquired pneumonia among adult patients in Gondar, Northwest Ethiopia. Materials and methods: This institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted from April to June 2021. Sociodemographic, clinical, and other relevant data were collected using a pre-tested questionnaire. A total of 312 sputum specimens were collected using sputum cups and inoculated into blood agar, chocolate agar, mannitol salt agar, and MacConkey agar plates, which were then incubated at 37°C for 24 hours. The bacterial isolates were identified based on Gram staining, colony characteristics, and biochemical tests. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Inducible clindamycin resistance among the S. aureus isolates was detected by the D-test. Data were entered using EPI data version 4.6 and analyzed using SPSS version 20. P-value ≤ 0.05 at 95% CI was considered statistically significant. Results: Of 312 cases, 39.4% (n = 123; 95% CI: 34.1%-44.9%) were found to have culture-confirmed pneumonia. The most common isolates were K. pneumoniae (31.0%, n = 39), S. pneumoniae (26.2%, n = 33), and S. aureus (20.6%, n = 26). The gram-positive bacteria were susceptible to chloramphenicol (100%) and clindamycin (96.6%). Gram-negative bacteria were susceptible to gentamicin (87.5%), azithromycin (87.1%), ciprofloxacin (86.6%), and ceftriaxone (79.0%) but highly resistant to ampicillin (100%), followed by tetracycline (87.1%), doxycycline (86.4%), co-trimoxazole (80.6%), and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (79.0%). Overall, 72.2% of the isolates were multi-drug resistant to K. pneumoniae (94.9%, n = 37), E. coli (93.8%, n = 15), and S. pneumoniae (72.7%, n = 24). Only, 7.7% of S. aureus isolates showed inducible clindamycin resistance. Aging (AOR: 3.248, 95% CI: 1.001-10.545, p = 0.050), a history of pneumonia (AOR: 7.004, 95% CI: 3.591-13.658, p = 0.001), alcohol use (AOR: 6.614, 95% CI: 3.399-12.872, p < 0.001), and overcrowded living conditions (AOR: 4.348, 95% CI: 1.964-9.624, p = 0.001) were significantly associated with culture-positive sputum. Conclusion and recommendations: This study found a high prevalence of bacteria-caused community-acquired pneumonia among adults and low susceptibility to ampicillin, tetracyclines, and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid. Therefore, culture-based bacterial identification and local antibiotic susceptibility testing should be performed regularly. Additionally, new insights into vaccine coverage against highly multi-drug resistant bacteria, particularly K. pneumoniae, are necessary.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology ; Chloramphenicol/pharmacology ; Ciprofloxacin/pharmacology ; Community-Acquired Infections/microbiology ; Community-Acquired Infections/pathology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial/drug effects ; Ethiopia ; Female ; Gram-Negative Bacteria/drug effects ; Gram-Negative Bacteria/isolation & purification ; Gram-Positive Bacteria/drug effects ; Gram-Positive Bacteria/isolation & purification ; Humans ; Male ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Middle Aged ; Pneumonia/microbiology ; Pneumonia/pathology ; Sputum/microbiology ; Young Adult
Chemical Substances	Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Ciprofloxacin (5E8K9I0O4U) ; Chloramphenicol (66974FR9Q1)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2267670-3
ISSN	1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
ISSN	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0262956
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Article ; Online: Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O157:H7 among diarrheic patients and their cattle in Amhara National Regional State, Ethiopia.

Engda, Tigist / Tessema, Belay / Mesifin, Nebiyu / Nuru, Anwar / Belachew, Teshome / Moges, Feleke

PloS one

2023 Volume 18, Issue 12, Page(s) e0295266

Abstract: Background: Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O157:H7 (STEC O157:H7) is a zoonotic pathogen that causes diarrhea, hemorrhagic colitis, and hemolytic uremic syndrome worldwide. This study aimed to determine the prevalence, antibiotic susceptibility, ...

Abstract	Background: Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O157:H7 (STEC O157:H7) is a zoonotic pathogen that causes diarrhea, hemorrhagic colitis, and hemolytic uremic syndrome worldwide. This study aimed to determine the prevalence, antibiotic susceptibility, and associated risk factors of STEC O157:H7 among diarrheic patients and their cattle. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among diarrheic patients and their cattle in Amhara National Regional State, Ethiopia from December- 2020 to June- 2022. A total of 1,149 diarrheic patients and 229 cattle were included in the study. STEC O157:H7 detection was done using culture, latex agglutination test, and polymerase chain reaction on diarrheic stool samples and recto-anal mucosal swabs of cattle. Antibiotic susceptibility tests were performed using disk diffusion techniques. Risk factors association were identified using binary and multivariable logistic regression analysis. Results: The overall prevalence of STEC O157:H7 in diarrheic patients and their cattle was 11.1% (128/1149) and 14.4% (33/229) respectively. High percentage of the study subjects were found in under-five children (34.5%). Age less than 5 (AOR: 4.02, 95%CI:1.608-10.058,P = 0.003), and greater than 64 years old (AOR:3.36, 95% CI:1.254-8.986, P = 0.016), presence of diarrheic patient in the house (AOR:2.11, 95%CI:1.309-3.390, P = 0.002), availability of cattle in the house (AOR:2.52, 95%CI:1.261-5.049, P = 0.009), and habit of consuming raw foods (AOR:4.35, 95%CI:2.645-7.148, P = 0.000) were risk factors. Antibiotic resistance was shown in 109(85.2%), and 31(93.9%) isolates from diarrheic patients and their cattle respectively. The highest levels of antibiotic resistance were found to tetracycline (54.7%, 69.7%) in diarrheic patients and their cattle respectively. Multiple drug resistance was also observed among 56(43.8%) and 11(33.3%) isolates in diarrheic patients and their cattle respectively. Conclusion: Our study showed high prevalence of STEC O157:H7 in diarrheic patients and their cattle. Therefore, health education should be given to the community on how to care for animals, proper sanitation, and the impact of raw food consumption.
MeSH term(s)	Child ; Animals ; Humans ; Cattle ; Middle Aged ; Ethiopia/epidemiology ; Shiga-Toxigenic Escherichia coli ; Escherichia coli O157 ; Escherichia coli Infections/epidemiology ; Escherichia coli Infections/veterinary ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology
Chemical Substances	Anti-Bacterial Agents
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-21
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2267670-3
ISSN	1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
ISSN	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0295266
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Bacterial profile, antimicrobial susceptibility patterns, and associated factors of community-acquired pneumonia among adult patients in Gondar, Northwest Ethiopia

Muluneh Assefa / Abiye Tigabu / Teshome Belachew / Belay Tessema

PLoS ONE, Vol 17, Iss

A cross-sectional study

2022 Volume 2

Abstract: Introduction Community-acquired pneumonia is associated with higher morbidity, hospitalization, and mortality in adults. Likewise, antimicrobial resistance has increased in recent decades in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study was aimed to determine the ... ...

Abstract	Introduction Community-acquired pneumonia is associated with higher morbidity, hospitalization, and mortality in adults. Likewise, antimicrobial resistance has increased in recent decades in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study was aimed to determine the bacterial isolates, their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns, and factors associated with community-acquired pneumonia among adult patients in Gondar, Northwest Ethiopia. Materials and methods This institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted from April to June 2021. Sociodemographic, clinical, and other relevant data were collected using a pre-tested questionnaire. A total of 312 sputum specimens were collected using sputum cups and inoculated into blood agar, chocolate agar, mannitol salt agar, and MacConkey agar plates, which were then incubated at 37°C for 24 hours. The bacterial isolates were identified based on Gram staining, colony characteristics, and biochemical tests. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Inducible clindamycin resistance among the S. aureus isolates was detected by the D-test. Data were entered using EPI data version 4.6 and analyzed using SPSS version 20. P-value ≤ 0.05 at 95% CI was considered statistically significant. Results Of 312 cases, 39.4% (n = 123; 95% CI: 34.1%–44.9%) were found to have culture-confirmed pneumonia. The most common isolates were K. pneumoniae (31.0%, n = 39), S. pneumoniae (26.2%, n = 33), and S. aureus (20.6%, n = 26). The gram-positive bacteria were susceptible to chloramphenicol (100%) and clindamycin (96.6%). Gram-negative bacteria were susceptible to gentamicin (87.5%), azithromycin (87.1%), ciprofloxacin (86.6%), and ceftriaxone (79.0%) but highly resistant to ampicillin (100%), followed by tetracycline (87.1%), doxycycline (86.4%), co-trimoxazole (80.6%), and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (79.0%). Overall, 72.2% of the isolates were multi-drug resistant to K. pneumoniae (94.9%, n = 37), E. coli (93.8%, n = 15), and S. pneumoniae (72.7%, ...
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	610
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Bacterial profile, antimicrobial susceptibility patterns, and associated factors of community-acquired pneumonia among adult patients in Gondar, Northwest Ethiopia

Muluneh Assefa / Abiye Tigabu / Teshome Belachew / Belay Tessema

PLoS ONE, Vol 17, Iss 2, p e

A cross-sectional study.

2022 Volume 0262956

Abstract	Introduction Community-acquired pneumonia is associated with higher morbidity, hospitalization, and mortality in adults. Likewise, antimicrobial resistance has increased in recent decades in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study was aimed to determine the bacterial isolates, their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns, and factors associated with community-acquired pneumonia among adult patients in Gondar, Northwest Ethiopia. Materials and methods This institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted from April to June 2021. Sociodemographic, clinical, and other relevant data were collected using a pre-tested questionnaire. A total of 312 sputum specimens were collected using sputum cups and inoculated into blood agar, chocolate agar, mannitol salt agar, and MacConkey agar plates, which were then incubated at 37°C for 24 hours. The bacterial isolates were identified based on Gram staining, colony characteristics, and biochemical tests. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Inducible clindamycin resistance among the S. aureus isolates was detected by the D-test. Data were entered using EPI data version 4.6 and analyzed using SPSS version 20. P-value ≤ 0.05 at 95% CI was considered statistically significant. Results Of 312 cases, 39.4% (n = 123; 95% CI: 34.1%-44.9%) were found to have culture-confirmed pneumonia. The most common isolates were K. pneumoniae (31.0%, n = 39), S. pneumoniae (26.2%, n = 33), and S. aureus (20.6%, n = 26). The gram-positive bacteria were susceptible to chloramphenicol (100%) and clindamycin (96.6%). Gram-negative bacteria were susceptible to gentamicin (87.5%), azithromycin (87.1%), ciprofloxacin (86.6%), and ceftriaxone (79.0%) but highly resistant to ampicillin (100%), followed by tetracycline (87.1%), doxycycline (86.4%), co-trimoxazole (80.6%), and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (79.0%). Overall, 72.2% of the isolates were multi-drug resistant to K. pneumoniae (94.9%, n = 37), E. coli (93.8%, n = 15), and S. pneumoniae (72.7%, ...
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	610
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Reducing transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in ophthalmology with nasal and oral decontamination.

Pelletier, Jesse S / Stewart, Kevin / Tessema, Belachew

Therapeutic advances in ophthalmology

2020 Volume 12, Page(s) 2515841420951392

Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-08-26
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2515-8414
ISSN (online)	2515-8414
DOI	10.1177/2515841420951392
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: High rate of high-risk human papillomavirus among benign and breast cancer patients in Ethiopia.

Belachew, Esmael Besufikad / Desta, Adey Feleke / Mulu, Andargachewu / Deneke, Dinikisira Bekele / Tefera, Dessalegn Abeje / Alemu, Ashenafi / Anberber, Endale / Beshah, Daniel / Girma, Selfu / Sewasew, Dareskedar Tsehay / Tessema, Tesfaye Sisay / Howe, Rawleigh

PloS one

2024 Volume 19, Issue 3, Page(s) e0298583

Abstract: Introduction: There have been numerous studies that showed the presence of human papillomavirus (HPV) in breast cancer; nonetheless, there is ongoing debate regarding their association. Given few studies in Ethiopia, we aimed to investigate the ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: There have been numerous studies that showed the presence of human papillomavirus (HPV) in breast cancer; nonetheless, there is ongoing debate regarding their association. Given few studies in Ethiopia, we aimed to investigate the magnitude of HPV infection in Ethiopian breast cancer patients. Methods: A total of 120 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue blocks were obtained, and basic demographic, clinical, and histological data were collected from medical records. DNA was extracted from archived FFPE breast tissue specimens using GeneRead DNA FFPE Kit. The AnyplexTM II HPV28 Detection Kit (Seegene, Korea) was used to detect HPV by following the manufacturer's instructions. The SPSS Version 25 was used to enter and analyze data. Results: Among the 120 study participants; HPV (both high-risk and low-risk) was detected in 20.6% of breast cancer and 29.6% of non-malignant breast tumors. The most common genotype was the high-risk HPV 16 genotype. The frequency of HPV was nearly 10-fold higher in estrogen receptor-positive than ER-negative breast cancer. The percentage of HPV in the luminal (luminal A and luminal B) breast cancer subtypes was also much higher than in the non-luminal subtypes (HER-2 enriched and triple-negative breast cancer). Conclusion: This study did not find a significant difference in HPV expression between breast cancer and non-malignant breast tumors; however, the higher percentage of HPV in ER-positive compared to ER-negative breast cancer warrants further attention.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Female ; Breast Neoplasms/genetics ; Papillomavirus Infections/epidemiology ; Ethiopia/epidemiology ; Genotype ; Human papillomavirus 16/genetics ; DNA ; DNA, Viral/genetics ; Papillomaviridae/genetics
Chemical Substances	DNA (9007-49-2) ; DNA, Viral
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-20
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2267670-3
ISSN	1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
ISSN	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0298583
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Article: Clinicopathological Features of Invasive Breast Cancer: A Five-Year Retrospective Study in Southern and South-Western Ethiopia.

Belachew, Esmael Besufikad / Desta, Adey Feleke / Deneke, Dinksira Bekele / Fenta, Bizunesh Dires / Alem, Alemwosen Teklehaymanot / Abafogi, Abdo Kedir / Lukas, Fekade Yerakly / Bezabih, Mesele / Sewasew, Dareskedar Tsehay / Kantelhardt, Eva J / Tessema, Tesfaye Sisay / Howe, Rawleigh

Medicines (Basel, Switzerland)

2023 Volume 10, Issue 5

Abstract: Background: ...

Abstract	Background:
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-04
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2777965-8
ISSN	2305-6320
ISSN	2305-6320
DOI	10.3390/medicines10050030
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Article ; Online: Reducing transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in ophthalmology with nasal and oral decontamination

Jesse S. Pelletier / Kevin Stewart / Belachew Tessema

Therapeutic Advances in Ophthalmology, Vol

2020 Volume 12

Keywords	Ophthalmology ; RE1-994 ; covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-08-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	SAGE Publishing
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: SARS-CoV-2 Viral Inactivation Using Low Dose Povidone-Iodine Oral Rinse-Immediate Application for the Prosthodontic Practice.

Tessema, Belachew / Frank, Samantha / Bidra, Avinash

Journal of prosthodontics : official journal of the American College of Prosthodontists

2020 Volume 29, Issue 6, Page(s) 459

MeSH term(s)	Betacoronavirus ; COVID-19 ; Coronavirus Infections ; Humans ; Infection Control ; Pandemics ; Pneumonia, Viral ; Povidone-Iodine ; Prosthodontics ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Virus Inactivation
Chemical Substances	Povidone-Iodine (85H0HZU99M)
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-06-16
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1197213-0
ISSN	1532-849X ; 1059-941X
ISSN (online)	1532-849X
ISSN	1059-941X
DOI	10.1111/jopr.13207
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