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Article: Emergence of Omicron BA.2.12.1 in Pakistan: What does it mean for the South Asian nation?

Awan, Hashir Ali / Awan, Sana / Shaikh, Hamid Saeed / Swed, Sarya / Hasan, Mohammad Mehedi

Annals of medicine and surgery (2012)

2022 Volume 79, Page(s) 103943

Language	English
Publishing date	2022-06-09
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2745440-X
ISSN	2049-0801
ISSN	2049-0801
DOI	10.1016/j.amsu.2022.103943
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Article ; Online: Cholera outbreak in Balochistan amidst flash floods: an impending public health crisis.

Jawed, Shizra / Islam, Muhammad Bilal / Awan, Hashir Ali / Ullah, Irfan / Asghar, Muhammad Sohaib

International journal of surgery (London, England)

2023 Volume 109, Issue 2, Page(s) 107–108

Abstract: Despite being the largest province in Pakistan due to inadequate and underdeveloped infrastructure, Balochistan has been the worst-inflicted region with biblical floods. Following these disastrous flash floods, a sudden rise in cholera cases was seen in ... ...

Abstract	Despite being the largest province in Pakistan due to inadequate and underdeveloped infrastructure, Balochistan has been the worst-inflicted region with biblical floods. Following these disastrous flash floods, a sudden rise in cholera cases was seen in the affected province. To overcome this public health crisis, the authorities must put in place a system to ensure food safety, an adequate supply of clean drinking water, and the provision of proper sanitation facilities for the locals.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Public Health ; Cholera/epidemiology ; Floods ; Disease Outbreaks ; Sanitation
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2212038-5
ISSN	1743-9159 ; 1743-9191
ISSN (online)	1743-9159
ISSN	1743-9191
DOI	10.1097/JS9.0000000000000150
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Article ; Online: Zuranolone and its role in treating major depressive disorder: a narrative review.

Ali, Muneeza / Ullah, Irfan / Diwan, Mufaddal Najmuddin / Aamir, Alifiya / Awan, Hashir Ali / Waris Durrani, Abdul / Qudrat, Qudrat Ullah / Shoib, Sheikh / De Berardis, Domenico

Hormone molecular biology and clinical investigation

2023 Volume 44, Issue 2, Page(s) 229–236

Abstract: Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a mood disorder classified as a persistent depressive mood and loss of interest lasting for more than two weeks and accompanied by a list of symptoms outlined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ...

Abstract	Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a mood disorder classified as a persistent depressive mood and loss of interest lasting for more than two weeks and accompanied by a list of symptoms outlined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-V) diagnostic criteria. MDD affects approximately 264 million people worldwide and is the most prevailing form of neuropsychiatric disorder. Owing to the probable hypothesized pathophysiology of MDD being an outcome of abnormalities in the amino acid neurotransmitter system, including glutamate (the primary excitatory neurotransmitter) and
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Depressive Disorder, Major/drug therapy ; Depressive Disorder, Major/diagnosis ; Depressive Disorder, Major/psychology ; Prospective Studies ; Pregnanes/therapeutic use ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/therapeutic use ; Double-Blind Method
Chemical Substances	zuranolone (7ZW49N180B) ; Pregnanes ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (56-12-2)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-27
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2536635-X
ISSN	1868-1891 ; 1868-1883
ISSN (online)	1868-1891
ISSN	1868-1883
DOI	10.1515/hmbci-2022-0042
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Article ; Online: Telepsychiatry in Low- and Middle-Income Countries During COVID-19: Pandemic, Barriers, and Road Model.

Diwan, Mufaddal Najmuddin / Ali Awan, Hashir / Aamir, Alifiya / de Filippis, Renato / Ullah, Irfan

The Journal of nervous and mental disease

2021 Volume 209, Issue 2, Page(s) 144–146

Abstract: Abstract: To date, there is lack of specific effective treatment or vaccine for the SARS-CoV-2, and clinical and laboratory research is still ongoing to find successful drugs. Therefore, prevention to be infected through social distancing and isolation ... ...

Abstract	Abstract: To date, there is lack of specific effective treatment or vaccine for the SARS-CoV-2, and clinical and laboratory research is still ongoing to find successful drugs. Therefore, prevention to be infected through social distancing and isolation is the most effective way. However, all the other physical and mental illnesses continue to exist, if possible even more burdened by the emergency situation and social distancing. The COVID-19 pandemic, especially in many low- and middle-income countries, has caused a deeper gap in seeking psychiatric help. In this scenario, telepsychiatry could play a decisive role in implementing clinical care for frail patients and ensuring continuous mental care. Therefore, we felt the urge to write this article to express our hope that the old health care system at this time of crisis, as we know it, can offer the chance to implement pervasive care technologies that perfectly fit current psychiatric needs.
MeSH term(s)	COVID-19/prevention & control ; Continuity of Patient Care/standards ; Developing Countries ; Health Services Accessibility/organization & administration ; Health Services Accessibility/standards ; Humans ; Mental Disorders/therapy ; Mental Health Services/organization & administration ; Mental Health Services/standards ; Mobile Applications ; Psychiatry/organization & administration ; Psychiatry/standards ; Telemedicine/organization & administration ; Telemedicine/standards
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-01-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	3020-x
ISSN	1539-736X ; 0022-3018
ISSN (online)	1539-736X
ISSN	0022-3018
DOI	10.1097/NMD.0000000000001245
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Article ; Online: Tuberculosis amidst COVID-19 in Pakistan: a massive threat of overlapping crises for the fragile healthcare systems.

Awan, Hashir Ali / Sahito, Abdul Moiz / Sukaina, Mahnoor / Khatri, Govinda / Waheed, Summaiya / Sohail, Fatima / Hasan, Mohammad Mehedi

Epidemiology and infection

2022 Volume 150, Page(s) e41

Abstract: Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the cause of tuberculosis (TB), a granulomatous illness that mostly affects the lungs. Pakistan is one of the eight nations that accounts for two-thirds of all new cases of developing TB. TB has long been an endemic disease ... ...

Abstract	Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the cause of tuberculosis (TB), a granulomatous illness that mostly affects the lungs. Pakistan is one of the eight nations that accounts for two-thirds of all new cases of developing TB. TB has long been an endemic disease in Pakistan. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) estimates, the nation has over 500 000 incident TB infections per year, with a rising number of drug-resistant cases. Recently, the coexistence of COVID-19 and TB in Pakistan has provided doctors with a problem. Fever or chills, cough, shortness of breath or difficulty breathing are all signs of COVID-19. After SARS-CoV-2 infection, cough might persist for weeks or months and it is frequently accompanied by persistent tiredness, cognitive impairment, dyspnoea or pain - a group of long-term consequences known as post-COVID syndrome or protracted COVID. Coughing with mucus or blood, and coughing that continues over 2 months are indications of TB. The same clinical presentation features make it difficult for healthcare personnel to effectively evaluate the illness and prevent the spread of these fatal diseases. Pakistan lacks the necessary healthcare resources to tackle two contagious diseases at the same time. To counteract the sudden increase in TB cases, appropriate management and effective policies must be implemented. Thus, in order to prevent the spread of these infectious diseases, it is critical to recognise and address the problems that the healthcare sector faces, as well as to create an atmosphere in which the healthcare sector can function at its full potential.
MeSH term(s)	COVID-19/epidemiology ; Delivery of Health Care ; Humans ; Pakistan/epidemiology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/diagnosis ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/drug therapy ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/epidemiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-22
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	632982-2
ISSN	1469-4409 ; 0950-2688
ISSN (online)	1469-4409
ISSN	0950-2688
DOI	10.1017/S0950268822000358
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Article ; Online: Frequency of COVID-19 vaccine side effects and its associated factors among the vaccinated population of Pakistan: A cross-sectional study.

Yasmin, Farah / Najeeb, Hala / Siddiqui, Hasan Fareed / Asghar, Muhammad Sohaib / Awan, Hashir Ali / Usama, Rana Muhammad / Allahuddin, Zoha / Tahir, Muhammad Junaid / Ullah, Kaleem / Mahmmoud Fadelallah Eljack, Mohammed

Health science reports

2023 Volume 6, Issue 1, Page(s) e1071

Abstract: Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine side effects have an important role in the hesitancy of the general population toward vaccine administration. Therefore, this study was conducted to document the COVID-19 vaccine side effects in ... ...

Abstract	Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine side effects have an important role in the hesitancy of the general population toward vaccine administration. Therefore, this study was conducted to document the COVID-19 vaccine side effects in our population. Materials and methods: An online survey-based, cross-sectional study was carried out from September 1, 2021, to October 1, 2021, to document the side effects of the COVID-19 vaccine among the general public. The questionnaire included participants' sociodemographic data, type of vaccine, comorbidities, previous COVID-19 infection, and assessment of side effects reported by them. Results: The majority of the participants were <20 years of age (62.2%), females (74.9%), belonged to the educational sector (58.1%), residents of Sindh (65.7%), and were previously unaffected by COVID-19 infection (73.3%). Sinovac (38.7%) followed by Sinopharm (30.4%) and Moderna (18.4%) were administered more frequently. Commonly reported side effects were injection site pain (82%), myalgia (55%), headache (46%), fatigue/malaise (45%), and fever (41%). Vaccine side effects were more likely to be reported with the first dose as compared to the second dose. On regression analysis, factors associated with occurrence of side effects included younger age (odds ratio [OR]: 6.000 [2.065-17.431], Conclusion: The overall prevalence of local side effects was quite higher than the systemic ones. Further large-scale studies on vaccine safety are required to strengthen public confidence in the vaccination drive.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-18
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2398-8835
ISSN (online)	2398-8835
DOI	10.1002/hsr2.1071
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Article ; Online: Association of hypothyroidism with acute COVID-19: a systematic review.

Malik, Jahanzeb / Zaidi, Syed Muhammad Jawad / Waqar, Ali Umer / Khawaja, Hashir / Malik, Asmara / Ishaq, Uzma / Rana, Abdul Sattar / Awan, Ali Haider

Expert review of endocrinology & metabolism

2021 Volume 16, Issue 5, Page(s) 251–257

Abstract: Objective: There is an increasing body of literature on the impact of COVID-19 on the pituitary-thyroid axis. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review to assess the prevalence of hypothyroidism in patients with COVID-19.: Methods: A literature ... ...

Abstract	Objective: There is an increasing body of literature on the impact of COVID-19 on the pituitary-thyroid axis. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review to assess the prevalence of hypothyroidism in patients with COVID-19. Methods: A literature review was conducted using LitCOVID for study selection in PubMed and MEDLINE till May 2021. All relevant original articles evaluating thyroid dysfunction were included and information regarding the prevalence of hypothyroid disease in COVID-19 was retrieved from the eligible articles. Results: Out of 32 articles, six articles qualified for the final analysis which included 1160 patients. There was significant heterogeneity among the included articles. Most of the patients had lower mean triiodothyronine (T3) and normal or low thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). Increased TSH ranged from 5.1% to 8% while low T3 was present in up to 28% of the patients. In these studies, the prevalence of altered thyroid hormones was significantly more in COVID-19 patients as compared to control groups. A positive correlation between low mean T3 and clinical severity of COVID-19 was reported. Conclusion: This systematic review reveals a significant proportion of hypothyroidism associated with COVID-19. Therefore, routine assessment of thyroid function is warranted in hospitalized COVID-19 patients.
MeSH term(s)	COVID-19/blood ; COVID-19/diagnosis ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; Humans ; Hypothyroidism/blood ; Hypothyroidism/diagnosis ; Hypothyroidism/epidemiology ; Thyroid Gland/metabolism ; Thyroid Gland/virology ; Thyroid Hormones/blood
Chemical Substances	Thyroid Hormones
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-08-23
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Systematic Review
ISSN	1744-8417
ISSN (online)	1744-8417
DOI	10.1080/17446651.2021.1968830
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Article: Treating Postpartum Depression: What Do We Know about Brexanolone?

Ali, Muneeza / Aamir, Alifiya / Diwan, Mufaddal Najmuddin / Awan, Hashir Ali / Ullah, Irfan / Irfan, Muhammad / De Berardis, Domenico

Diseases (Basel, Switzerland)

2021 Volume 9, Issue 3

Abstract: Postpartum depression (PPD) is defined as the onset of major depressive disorder in mothers, occurring during pregnancy or within 4 weeks post-delivery. With 7% of pregnancy-related death in the United States owing to mental health conditions, including ... ...

Abstract	Postpartum depression (PPD) is defined as the onset of major depressive disorder in mothers, occurring during pregnancy or within 4 weeks post-delivery. With 7% of pregnancy-related death in the United States owing to mental health conditions, including PPD, and a global prevalence of 12%, PPD is a growing public health concern. In 2019, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved brexanolone, an exogenous analog of allopregnanolone, as the first ever drug to be specifically indicated for treating patients with PPD. This approval was preceded by an open-label study and three randomized placebo-controlled trials, each assessing the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of brexanolone, using mean Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D) score reduction as the primary outcome. In each randomized controlled trial, the drug was administered as an intravenous infusion given over 60 h. Enrolled participants were followed up on days 7 and 30 to evaluate the sustained effect. A statistically significant reduction in mean HAM-D score compared to placebo was observed in all three studies, supporting brexanolone's use in treating moderate-to-severe PPD. Therefore, this article attempts to briefly review the pharmacology of brexanolone, evaluate the latest available clinical data and outcomes concerning its use, reevaluate its position as a 'breakthrough' in managing PPD, and review the cost-related barriers to its worldwide standardized use.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-07-12
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2720869-2
ISSN	2079-9721
ISSN	2079-9721
DOI	10.3390/diseases9030052
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Article: SARS-CoV-2 and the Brain: What Do We Know about the Causality of 'Cognitive COVID?

Ali Awan, Hashir / Najmuddin Diwan, Mufaddal / Aamir, Alifiya / Ali, Muneeza / Di Giannantonio, Massimo / Ullah, Irfan / Shoib, Sheikh / De Berardis, Domenico

Journal of clinical medicine

2021 Volume 10, Issue 15

Abstract: The second year of the COVID-19 (coronavirus disease) pandemic has seen the need to identify and assess the long-term consequences of a SARS-CoV-2 infection on an individual's overall wellbeing, including adequate cognitive functioning. 'Cognitive COVID' ...

Abstract	The second year of the COVID-19 (coronavirus disease) pandemic has seen the need to identify and assess the long-term consequences of a SARS-CoV-2 infection on an individual's overall wellbeing, including adequate cognitive functioning. 'Cognitive COVID' is an informal term coined to interchangeably refer to acute changes in cognition during COVID-19 and/or cognitive sequelae with various deficits following the infection. These may manifest as altered levels of consciousness, encephalopathy-like symptoms, delirium, and loss of various memory domains. Dysexecutive syndrome is a peculiar manifestation of 'Cognitive COVID' as well. In the previous major outbreaks of viruses like SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV and Influenza. There have been attempts to understand the underlying mechanisms describing the causality of similar symptoms following SARS-CoV-2 infection. This review, therefore, is attempting to highlight the current understanding of the various direct and indirect mechanisms, focusing on the role of neurotropism of SARS-CoV-2, the general pro-inflammatory state, and the pandemic-associated psychosocial stressors in the causality of 'Cognitive COVID.' Neurotropism is associated with various mechanisms including retrograde neuronal transmission via olfactory pathway, a general hematogenous spread, and the virus using immune cells as vectors. The high amounts of inflammation caused by COVID-19, compounded with potential intubation, are associated with a deleterious effect on the cognition as well. Finally, the pandemic's unique psychosocial impact has raised alarm due to its possible effect on cognition. Furthermore, with surfacing reports of post-COVID-vaccination cognitive impairments after vaccines containing mRNA encoding for spike glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2, we hypothesize their causality and ways to mitigate the risk. The potential impact on the quality of life of an individual and the fact that even a minor proportion of COVID-19 cases developing cognitive impairment could be a significant burden on already overwhelmed healthcare systems across the world make it vital to gather further evidence regarding the prevalence, presentation, correlations, and causality of these events and reevaluate our approach to accommodate early identification, management, and rehabilitation of patients exhibiting cognitive symptoms.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-08-02
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2662592-1
ISSN	2077-0383
ISSN	2077-0383
DOI	10.3390/jcm10153441
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Article ; Online: The dilemma of treating the infected versus the wounded: Gaza's healthcare system is choked.

Aamir, Alifiya / Awan, Hashir Ali / Diwan, Mufaddal Najmuddin / Kazmi, Syeda Kanza / Hasan, Mohammad Mehedi / Douba, Zain / Ullah, Irfan

The International journal of health planning and management

2021 Volume 36, Issue 6, Page(s) 2430–2435

Abstract: Gaza has been facing persistent disturbance since the last 14 years. Even before the pandemic, Gaza faced a dire healthcare consequence with prevalent instability, lack of adequate medical resources, and limited health-related infrastructure. Gaza ... ...

Abstract	Gaza has been facing persistent disturbance since the last 14 years. Even before the pandemic, Gaza faced a dire healthcare consequence with prevalent instability, lack of adequate medical resources, and limited health-related infrastructure. Gaza continued to struggle while responding to the pandemic as the other nearby countries. However, the challenges were compounded with the onset of the conflict that affected Gaza's infrastructure and displaced tens of thousands to make-shift shelters. The testing capacity of Gaza is alarmingly low that makes any outbreak difficult to document. Additionally, all medical centres have been affected by the ongoing conflict. These centres, if not directly impacted, are severely overwhelmed with those injured during the conflict, shifting focus and resources away from coronavirus. Vaccinations in Gaza cover only 1.9% of the population and a great number of unvaccinated people now may act as vectors of transmission in overcrowded shelters. Furthermore, non-availability of clean water to maintain hygienic conditions has heightened the risk of an explosive surge in cases. Hence, beyond the ceasefire, further steps need to be taken to strengthen Gazan response to COVID-19 pandemic.
MeSH term(s)	COVID-19 ; Delivery of Health Care ; Health Facilities ; Humans ; Pandemics ; SARS-CoV-2
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-07-01
Publishing country	England
Document type	Letter
ZDB-ID	632786-2
ISSN	1099-1751 ; 0749-6753
ISSN (online)	1099-1751
ISSN	0749-6753
DOI	10.1002/hpm.3274
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