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  1. Article ; Online: Adiponectin-mediated regulation of the adiponectin cascade in cardiovascular disease: Updates.

    Hafiane, Anouar

    Biochemical and biophysical research communications

    2023  Volume 694, Page(s) 149406

    Abstract: The endocrine function of white adipose tissue is characterized by the synthesis of one its main hormones: adiponectin. Although the biological role of adiponectin has not been fully defined, clinical and experimental observations have shown that low ... ...

    Abstract The endocrine function of white adipose tissue is characterized by the synthesis of one its main hormones: adiponectin. Although the biological role of adiponectin has not been fully defined, clinical and experimental observations have shown that low plasma concentrations of adiponectin participate in the prevalence of insulin resistance and cardiovascular diseases, mainly in obese patients. Adiponectin also exerts its effects on the heart and blood vessels, thereby influencing their physiology. Studying the effects of adiponectin presents some complexities, primarily due to potential cross-interactions and interference with other pathways, such as the AdipoR1/R2 pathways. Under optimal conditions, the activation of the adiponectin cascade may involve signals such as AMPK and PPARα. Interestingly, these pathways may trigger similar responses, such as fatty acid oxidation. Understanding the downstream effectors of these pathways is crucial to comprehend the extent to which adiponectin signaling impacts metabolism. In this review, the aim is to explore the current mechanisms that regulate the adiponectin pathways. Additionally, updates on the major downstream factors involved in adiponectin signaling are provided, specifically in relation to metabolic syndrome and atherosclerosis.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Adiponectin/metabolism ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Insulin Resistance ; Metabolic Syndrome ; Obesity/metabolism ; Receptors, Adiponectin/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Adiponectin ; Receptors, Adiponectin ; ADIPOQ protein, human
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-12-19
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 205723-2
    ISSN 1090-2104 ; 0006-291X ; 0006-291X
    ISSN (online) 1090-2104 ; 0006-291X
    ISSN 0006-291X
    DOI 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.149406
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  2. Article ; Online: SARS-CoV-2 and the cardiovascular system.

    Hafiane, Anouar

    Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry

    2020  Volume 510, Page(s) 311–316

    Abstract: The coronavirus disease COVID-19 is a public health emergency caused by a novel coronavirus named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). SARS-CoV-2 infection uses the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor, and typically ... ...

    Abstract The coronavirus disease COVID-19 is a public health emergency caused by a novel coronavirus named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). SARS-CoV-2 infection uses the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor, and typically spreads through the respiratory tract. Invading viruses can elicit an exaggerated host immune response, frequently leading to a cytokine storm that may be fueling some COVID-19 death. This response contributes to multi-organ dysfunction. Accumulating data points to an increased cardiovascular disease morbidity, and mortality in COVID-19 patients. This brief review explores potential available evidence regarding the association between COVID-19, and cardiovascular complications.
    MeSH term(s) Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 ; Betacoronavirus/physiology ; COVID-19 ; Cardiovascular System/drug effects ; Cardiovascular System/virology ; Coronavirus Infections/complications ; Coronavirus Infections/drug therapy ; Coronavirus Infections/metabolism ; Humans ; Molecular Targeted Therapy ; Pandemics ; Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A/metabolism ; Pneumonia, Viral/complications ; Pneumonia, Viral/drug therapy ; Pneumonia, Viral/metabolism ; Renin-Angiotensin System/drug effects ; SARS-CoV-2
    Chemical Substances Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A (EC 3.4.15.1) ; ACE2 protein, human (EC 3.4.17.23) ; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (EC 3.4.17.23)
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-07-16
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 80228-1
    ISSN 1873-3492 ; 0009-8981
    ISSN (online) 1873-3492
    ISSN 0009-8981
    DOI 10.1016/j.cca.2020.07.019
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  3. Article ; Online: Vulnerable Plaque, Characteristics, Detection, and Potential Therapies.

    Hafiane, Anouar

    Journal of cardiovascular development and disease

    2019  Volume 6, Issue 3

    Abstract: Plaque development and rupture are hallmarks of atherosclerotic vascular disease. Despite current therapeutic developments, there is an unmet necessity in the prevention of atherosclerotic vascular disease. It remains a challenge to determine at an early ...

    Abstract Plaque development and rupture are hallmarks of atherosclerotic vascular disease. Despite current therapeutic developments, there is an unmet necessity in the prevention of atherosclerotic vascular disease. It remains a challenge to determine at an early stage if atherosclerotic plaque will become unstable and vulnerable. The arrival of molecular imaging is receiving more attention, considering it allows for a better understanding of the biology of human plaque and vulnerabilities. Various plaque therapies with common goals have been tested in high-risk patients with cardiovascular disease. In this work, the process of plaque instability, along with current technologies for sensing and predicting high-risk plaques, is debated. Updates on potential novel therapeutic approaches are also summarized.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-07-27
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2777082-5
    ISSN 2308-3425 ; 2308-3425
    ISSN (online) 2308-3425
    ISSN 2308-3425
    DOI 10.3390/jcdd6030026
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  4. Article ; Online: SARS-CoV-2 and the cardiovascular system

    Hafiane, Anouar

    Clinica Chimica Acta

    2020  Volume 510, Page(s) 311–316

    Keywords Clinical Biochemistry ; Biochemistry ; Biochemistry, medical ; General Medicine ; covid19
    Language English
    Publisher Elsevier BV
    Publishing country us
    Document type Article ; Online
    ZDB-ID 80228-1
    ISSN 1873-3492 ; 0009-8981
    ISSN (online) 1873-3492
    ISSN 0009-8981
    DOI 10.1016/j.cca.2020.07.019
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  5. Article ; Online: Targeting the residual cardiovascular risk by specific anti-inflammatory interventions as a therapeutic strategy in atherosclerosis.

    Hafiane, Anouar / Daskalopoulou, Stella S

    Pharmacological research

    2022  Volume 178, Page(s) 106157

    Abstract: Chronic subclinical inflammation is a key process in the pathogenesis of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Along with lipids, inflammation is essential for the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis with macrophages playing a pivotal ...

    Abstract Chronic subclinical inflammation is a key process in the pathogenesis of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Along with lipids, inflammation is essential for the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis with macrophages playing a pivotal role through the induction of oxidative stress and cytokine secretion. Several pro-inflammatory cytokines have been described in the primary and secondary prevention of ASCVD. Although extensive work over the past decades has established the role of lipid-lowering medications in the prevention and treatment of ASCVD, modulation of inflammation is a subject of active debate. It remains to be confirmed whether targeting the residual cardiovascular risk by adding anti-inflammatory agents to the conventional cardiovascular treatment becomes a shifting paradigm for ASCVD management. This review aims to discuss novel therapeutic agents targeting inflammatory pathways in ASCVD in light of the canakinumab anti-inflammatory thrombosis outcomes study (CANTOS) trial results. Further we discuss the effects of different anti-inflammatory agents administered in patients with ASCVD and their potential to change clinical practice in preventive cardiology.
    MeSH term(s) Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents/therapeutic use ; Atherosclerosis/drug therapy ; Atherosclerosis/metabolism ; Atherosclerosis/prevention & control ; Cardiovascular Diseases/drug therapy ; Cardiovascular Diseases/prevention & control ; Heart Disease Risk Factors ; Humans ; Inflammation/drug therapy ; Inflammation/metabolism ; Risk Factors
    Chemical Substances Anti-Inflammatory Agents
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-03-04
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1003347-6
    ISSN 1096-1186 ; 0031-6989 ; 1043-6618
    ISSN (online) 1096-1186
    ISSN 0031-6989 ; 1043-6618
    DOI 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106157
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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.A 721: Show issues Location:
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  6. Article: SARS-CoV-2 and the cardiovascular system

    Hafiane, Anouar

    Clin Chim Acta

    Abstract: The coronavirus disease COVID-19 is a public health emergency caused by a novel coronavirus named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). SARS-CoV-2 infection uses the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor, and typically ... ...

    Abstract The coronavirus disease COVID-19 is a public health emergency caused by a novel coronavirus named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). SARS-CoV-2 infection uses the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor, and typically spreads through the respiratory tract. Invading viruses can elicit an exaggerated host immune response, frequently leading to a cytokine storm that may be fueling some COVID-19 death. This response contributes to multi-organ dysfunction. Accumulating data points to an increased cardiovascular disease morbidity, and mortality in COVID-19 patients. This brief review explores potential available evidence regarding the association between COVID-19, and cardiovascular complications.
    Keywords covid19
    Publisher WHO
    Document type Article
    Note WHO #Covidence: #654190
    Database COVID19

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  7. Article: High Density Lipoprotein-Based Therapeutics: Novel Mechanism of Probucol in Foam Cells.

    Hafiane, Anouar / Ronca, Annalisa / Kiss, Robert S / Favari, Elda

    Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine

    2022  Volume 9, Page(s) 895031

    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-04-26
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2781496-8
    ISSN 2297-055X
    ISSN 2297-055X
    DOI 10.3389/fcvm.2022.895031
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  8. Article ; Online: Measures of high-density lipoprotein function in men and women with severe aortic stenosis.

    Hafiane, Anouar / Favari, Elda / Bortnick, Anna E

    Lipids in health and disease

    2022  Volume 21, Issue 1, Page(s) 48

    Abstract: Background: Calcification of the aortic valve is a common heart valve disorder, in some cases leading to clinically impactful severe aortic stenosis (AS). Sex-specific differences in aortic valve calcification (ACV) exist, with women having a lower ... ...

    Abstract Background: Calcification of the aortic valve is a common heart valve disorder, in some cases leading to clinically impactful severe aortic stenosis (AS). Sex-specific differences in aortic valve calcification (ACV) exist, with women having a lower burden of calcification than men as measured by computed tomography; however, the pathophysiological mechanism that leads to these differences remains unclear.
    Methods: Using cultured human Tamm-Horsfall protein 1 (THP-1) macrophages and human aortic valve interstitial cells, the effects of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles isolated from the plasma of men and women with severe AS were studied for cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC).
    Results: HDL-CEC was assessed in 46 patients with severe AS, n = 30 men, n = 16 women. ATP-Binding Cassette A1 (ABCA1)-mediated HDL-CEC was measured from human cultured THP-1 macrophages to plasma HDL samples. Women with severe AS had more ABCA1-mediated HDL-CEC, as compared to men (8.50 ± 3.90% cpm vs. 6.80 ± 1.50% cpm, P = 0.04). HDL pre-β1 and α-particles were higher in woman than in men by spectral density, (pre-β1 HDL, 20298.29 ± 1076.15 vs. 15,661.74 ± 789.00, P = 0.002, and α-HDL, 63006.35 ± 756.81 vs. 50,447.00 ± 546.52, P = 0.03). Lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase conversion of free cholesterol into cholesteryl esters was higher in women than men (16.44 ± 9.11%/h vs. 12.00 ± 8.07%/h, P = 0.03).
    Conclusions: Sex-specific changes in various parameters of HDL-CEC were found in patients with severe AS. Sex-based modifications in HDL functionality by HDL-CEC might account for the reduced burden of calcification in women vs. men with severe AS. Therefore, future studies should target sex-related pathways in AS to help to improve understanding and treatment of AS. Sex specifc differences in AVC and differences associated with HDL function in men and women with severe AS. When compared to men, women had higher preβ-HDL and α-HDL migrating particles, higher cholesterol efflux to HDL, and higher lecithin cholesterol acyl transferase (LCAT) activity, possibly indicating that improved reverse cholesterol transport may be protective against worsened calcification.
    MeSH term(s) Aortic Valve Stenosis/genetics ; Cholesterol/metabolism ; Female ; High-Density Lipoproteins, Pre-beta ; Humans ; Lecithins ; Lipoproteins, HDL ; Male
    Chemical Substances High-Density Lipoproteins, Pre-beta ; Lecithins ; Lipoproteins, HDL ; Cholesterol (97C5T2UQ7J)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-05-28
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2091381-3
    ISSN 1476-511X ; 1476-511X
    ISSN (online) 1476-511X
    ISSN 1476-511X
    DOI 10.1186/s12944-022-01653-7
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  9. Article ; Online: Adiponectin's mechanisms in high-density lipoprotein biogenesis and cholesterol efflux.

    Hafiane, Anouar / Daskalopoulou, Stella S

    Metabolism: clinical and experimental

    2020  Volume 113, Page(s) 154393

    Abstract: Aim: Among adiponectin's beneficial properties is its ability to promote cellular cholesterol efflux, thereby generating high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles. However, adiponectin's role in the regulation of macrophage lipid metabolism, a crucial ... ...

    Abstract Aim: Among adiponectin's beneficial properties is its ability to promote cellular cholesterol efflux, thereby generating high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles. However, adiponectin's role in the regulation of macrophage lipid metabolism, a crucial process in atherogenesis, remains poorly investigated. The aim of this study was to characterize the adiponectin's role in HDL biogenesis.
    Methods and results: We perform kinetics studies in baby hamster kidney (BHK) and Tamm-Horsfall protein 1 (THP-1) cell lines to elucidate adiponectin's role in HDL biogenesis. In cholesterol-enriched cells, specific molar doses of adiponectin stimulated cholesterol efflux with high efficiency to apoA-I. In the presence of adiponectin, BHK cells expressing ATP binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) or ABCG1 generated lipidated particles having α electrophoretic mobility (α-HDL) and a molecular size of 7.5-20 nm. Interestingly, in THP-1 macrophages, cholesterol efflux was associated with more lipidated preβ1-HDL particles. Direct molecular interaction of adiponectin with apoA-I enhanced the affinity of apoA-I to free cholesterol and resulted in an increase in preβ1-HDL particles from plasma ex vivo. Adiponectin increased ABCA1 and ABCG1 protein expression and activated the formation of ABCA1-linked cholesterol oxidase sensitive plasma membrane domains.
    Conclusion: Adiponectin upregulated ABCA1 and ABCG1 protein expression, reduced lipid accumulation, and efficiently promoted nascent HDL formation. These results highlight that these cellular processes are interconnected through adiponectin and ABCA1- and ABCG1-dependent. In this pathway, adiponectin increased the affinity of apoA-I to cholesterol and effectively accelerated cholesterol removal from the plasma membrane to HDL particles. Thus, by accelerating HDL biogenesis, adiponectin may have therapeutic potential for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease prevention and management.
    MeSH term(s) Adiponectin/metabolism ; Animals ; Biological Transport ; Cell Line ; Cholesterol/metabolism ; Cricetinae ; Humans ; Lipoproteins, HDL/biosynthesis ; Lipoproteins, HDL/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Adiponectin ; Lipoproteins, HDL ; Cholesterol (97C5T2UQ7J)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-10-13
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 80230-x
    ISSN 1532-8600 ; 0026-0495
    ISSN (online) 1532-8600
    ISSN 0026-0495
    DOI 10.1016/j.metabol.2020.154393
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    Uc I Zs.316: Show issues Location:
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  10. Article ; Online: Isolation of recombinant apolipoprotein E4 N-terminal domain by foam fractionation.

    Lethcoe, Kyle / Fox, Colin A / Hafiane, Anouar / Kiss, Robert S / Ryan, Robert O

    Protein expression and purification

    2023  Volume 210, Page(s) 106319

    Abstract: Apolipoprotein (apo) E functions in lipoprotein metabolism as a low density lipoprotein receptor ligand. ApoE is comprised of two structural domains, a 22 kDa N-terminal (NT) domain that adopts a helix bundle conformation and a 10 kDa C-terminal domain ... ...

    Abstract Apolipoprotein (apo) E functions in lipoprotein metabolism as a low density lipoprotein receptor ligand. ApoE is comprised of two structural domains, a 22 kDa N-terminal (NT) domain that adopts a helix bundle conformation and a 10 kDa C-terminal domain with strong lipid binding affinity. The NT domain is capable of transforming aqueous phospholipid dispersions into discoidal reconstituted high density lipoprotein (rHDL) particles. Given the utility of apoE-NT as a structural component of rHDL, expression studies were conducted. A plasmid construct encoding a pelB leader sequence fused to the N-terminus of human apoE4 (residues 1-183) was transformed into Escherichia coli. Upon expression, the fusion protein is directed to the periplasmic space where leader peptidase cleaves the pelB sequence, generating mature apoE4-NT. In shaker flask expression cultures, apoE4-NT escapes the bacteria and accumulates in the medium. In a bioreactor setting, however, apoE4-NT was found to combine with gas and liquid components in the culture medium to generate large quantities of foam. When this foam was collected in an external vessel and collapsed into a liquid foamate, analysis revealed that apoE4-NT was the sole major protein present. The product protein was further isolated by heparin affinity chromatography (60-80 mg/liter bacterial culture), shown to be active in rHDL formulation, and documented to serve as an acceptor of effluxed cellular cholesterol. Thus, foam fractionation provides a streamlined process to produce recombinant apoE4-NT for biotechnology applications.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Apolipoprotein E4/genetics ; Apolipoprotein E4/metabolism ; Apolipoproteins E/genetics ; Apolipoproteins E/chemistry ; Apolipoproteins E/metabolism ; Carrier Proteins ; Recombinant Proteins/chemistry
    Chemical Substances Apolipoprotein E4 ; Apolipoproteins E ; Carrier Proteins ; Recombinant Proteins
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-06-06
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1055455-5
    ISSN 1096-0279 ; 1046-5928
    ISSN (online) 1096-0279
    ISSN 1046-5928
    DOI 10.1016/j.pep.2023.106319
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