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Article ; Online: Downscaling SSP-consistent global spatial urban land projections from 1/8-degree to 1-km resolution 2000-2100.

Gao, Jing / Pesaresi, Martino

2021 Volume 8, Issue 1, Page(s) 281

Abstract: Long-term, spatial urban land projections that simultaneously offer global coverage and local-scale empirical accuracy are rare. Recently a set of such projections was produced using data-science-based simulations and the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways ( ... ...

Abstract	Long-term, spatial urban land projections that simultaneously offer global coverage and local-scale empirical accuracy are rare. Recently a set of such projections was produced using data-science-based simulations and the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs). These projections update at decadal time intervals from 2000 to 2100 with a spatial resolution of 1/8 degree, while many socio-environmental studies customarily run their analysis and modelling at finer spatial resolutions, e.g. 1-km. Here we develop and validate an algorithm to downscale the 1/8-degree spatial urban land projections to the 1-km resolution. The algorithm uses an iterative process to allocate the decadal amount of urban land expansion originally projected for each 1/8-degree grid to its constituent 1-km grids. The results are a set of global maps showing urban land fractions at the 1-km resolution, updated at decadal intervals from 2000 to 2100, under five different urban land expansion scenarios consistent with the SSPs. The data can support studies of potential interactions between future urbanization and environmental changes across spatial and temporal scales.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-10-28
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	2775191-0
ISSN	2052-4463 ; 2052-4463
ISSN (online)	2052-4463
ISSN	2052-4463
DOI	10.1038/s41597-021-01052-0
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Article ; Online: The Role of miRNA Expression Profile in Sudden Cardiac Death Cases.

Bernini Di Michele, Alessia / Onofri, Valerio / Pesaresi, Mauro / Turchi, Chiara

Genes

2023 Volume 14, Issue 10

Abstract: Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is one of the leading causes of death in the world and for this reason it has attracted the attention of numerous researchers in the field of legal medicine. It is not easy to determine the cause in a SCD case and the available ...

Abstract	Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is one of the leading causes of death in the world and for this reason it has attracted the attention of numerous researchers in the field of legal medicine. It is not easy to determine the cause in a SCD case and the available methods used for diagnosis cannot always give an exhaustive answer. In addition, the molecular analysis of genes does not lead to a clear conclusion, but it could be interesting to focus attention on the expression level of miRNAs, a class of non-coding RNA of about 22 nucleotides. The role of miRNAs is to regulate the gene expression through complementary binding to 3'-untraslated regions of miRNAs, leading to the inhibition of translation or to mRNA degradation. In recent years, several studies were performed with the aim of exploring the use of these molecules as biomarkers for SCD cases, and to also distinguish the causes that lead to cardiac death. In this review, we summarize experiments, evidence, and results of different studies on the implication of miRNAs in SCD cases. We discuss the different biological starting materials with their respective advantages and disadvantages, studying miRNA expression on tissue (fresh-frozen tissue and FFPE tissue), circulating cell-free miRNAs in blood of patients affected by cardiac disease at high risk of SCD, and exosomal miRNAs analyzed from serum of people who died from SCD.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Death, Sudden, Cardiac/etiology ; MicroRNAs/genetics ; Autopsy ; Biomarkers ; RNA Stability
Chemical Substances	MicroRNAs ; Biomarkers
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-17
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2527218-4
ISSN	2073-4425 ; 2073-4425
ISSN (online)	2073-4425
ISSN	2073-4425
DOI	10.3390/genes14101954
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Article ; Online: Pharmacology and toxicology of xylazine: quid novum?

Malaca, S / Pesaresi, M / Kapoor, A / Berretta, P / Busardò, F P / Pirani, F

European review for medical and pharmacological sciences

2023 Volume 27, Issue 15, Page(s) 7337–7345

Abstract: The current opioid overdose crisis is characterized by the presence of unknown psychoactive adulterants. Xylazine is an alpha-2 receptor agonist that is not approved for human use but is commonly used in veterinary medicine due to its sedative and muscle- ...

Abstract	The current opioid overdose crisis is characterized by the presence of unknown psychoactive adulterants. Xylazine is an alpha-2 receptor agonist that is not approved for human use but is commonly used in veterinary medicine due to its sedative and muscle-relaxant properties. Cases of human intoxication due to accidental or voluntary use have been reported since the 1980s. However, reports of adulteration of illicit opioids (heroin and illicit fentanyl) with xylazine have been increasing all over Western countries. In humans, xylazine causes respiratory depression, bradycardia, and hypotension-posing individuals, using xylazine-adulterated opioids. We present a narrative review of the latest intoxication cases related to xylazine, to bring awareness to readers and also to help pathologists to detect and deal with xylazine cases.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Xylazine/pharmacology ; Analgesics, Opioid ; Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists ; Hypnotics and Sedatives ; Bradycardia
Chemical Substances	Xylazine (2KFG9TP5V8) ; Analgesics, Opioid ; Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists ; Hypnotics and Sedatives
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-22
Publishing country	Italy
Document type	Review ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	605550-3
ISSN	2284-0729 ; 1128-3602 ; 0392-291X
ISSN (online)	2284-0729
ISSN	1128-3602 ; 0392-291X
DOI	10.26355/eurrev_202308_33305
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Article ; Online: Generalized Vertical Components of built-up areas from global Digital Elevation Models by multi-scale linear regression modelling.

Pesaresi, Martino / Corbane, Christina / Ren, Chao / Edward, Ng

PloS one

2021 Volume 16, Issue 2, Page(s) e0244478

Abstract: ... 3D-30 m (AW3D30) using the union operator (CMP_SRTM30-AW3D30_U). A multivariate linear model was ... sources, to estimate the gross GVC. A RMSE of 2.40 m and 3.25 m was obtained for the AGBH and the SGBH ... respectively. A similar multivariate linear model was developed to estimate the net GVC. A RMSE of 6.63 m and 4 ...

Abstract	The estimation of the vertical components of built-up areas from free Digital Elevation Model (DEM) global data filtered by multi-scale convolutional, morphological and textural transforms are generalized at the spatial resolution of 250 meters using linear least-squares regression techniques. Six test cases were selected: Hong Kong, London, New York, San Francisco, Sao Paulo, and Toronto. Five global DEM and two DEM composites are evaluated in terms of 60 combinations of linear, morphological and textural filtering and different generalization techniques. Four generalized vertical components estimates of built-up areas are introduced: the Average Gross Building Height (AGBH), the Average Net Building Height (ANBH), the Standard Deviation of Gross Building Height (SGBH), and the Standard Deviation of Net Building Height (SNBH). The study shows that the best estimation of the net GVC of built-up areas given by the ANBH and SNBH, always contains a greater error than their corresponding gross GVC estimation given by the AGBH and SGBH, both in terms of mean and standard deviation. Among the sources evaluated in this study, the best DEM source for estimating the GVC of built-up areas with univariate linear regression techniques is a composite of the 1-arcsec Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM30) and the Advanced Land Observing Satellite (ALOS) World 3D-30 m (AW3D30) using the union operator (CMP_SRTM30-AW3D30_U). A multivariate linear model was developed using 16 satellite features extracted from the CMP_SRTM30-AW3D30_U enriched by other land cover sources, to estimate the gross GVC. A RMSE of 2.40 m and 3.25 m was obtained for the AGBH and the SGBH, respectively. A similar multivariate linear model was developed to estimate the net GVC. A RMSE of 6.63 m and 4.38 m was obtained for the ANBH and the SNBH, respectively. The main limiting factors on the use of the available global DEMs for estimating the GVC of built-up areas are two. First, the horizontal resolution of these sources (circa 30 and 90 meters) corresponds to a sampling size that is larger than the expected average horizontal size of built-up structures as detected from nadir-angle Earth Observation (EO) data, producing more reliable estimates for gross vertical components than for net vertical component of built-up areas. Second, post-production processing targeting Digital Terrain Model specifications may purposely filter out the information on the vertical component of built-up areas that are contained in the global DEMs. Under the limitations of the study presented here, these results show a potential for using global DEM sources in order to derive statistically generalized parameters describing the vertical characteristics of built-up areas, at the scale of 250x250 meters. However, estimates need to be evaluated in terms of the specific requirements of target applications such as spatial population modelling, urban morphology, climate studies and so on.
MeSH term(s)	Brazil ; Cities/statistics & numerical data ; Environmental Monitoring/methods ; Geographic Information Systems/trends ; Geographic Mapping ; Hong Kong ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted/methods ; Linear Models ; London ; Models, Theoretical ; Multivariate Analysis ; New York City ; Radar ; Regression Analysis ; San Francisco ; Spatial Analysis ; Urban Population/trends
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-02-10
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ISSN	1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0244478
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Article ; Online: Mycobacterium chimaera: a report of 2 new cases and literature review.

Natanti, Alice / Palpacelli, Marco / Valsecchi, Marco / Tagliabracci, Adriano / Pesaresi, Mauro

International journal of legal medicine

2021 Volume 135, Issue 6, Page(s) 2667–2679

Abstract: ... performed with contaminated heater-cooler units. M. chimaera infection is characterized by a long latency ... both for forensic pathologists and for clinicians. Clinical manifestations of M. chimaera infection include endocarditis ... cases of fatal disseminated M. chimaera infection following aortic valve surgery reporting clinical ...

Abstract	Mycobacterium chimaera is a non-tuberculous mycobacterium, member of the Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC), which has become a global public health concern due to infection following cardiac surgery performed with contaminated heater-cooler units. M. chimaera infection is characterized by a long latency, non-specific signs and symptoms and high mortality rates. Thus, the diagnosis is still challenging both for forensic pathologists and for clinicians. Clinical manifestations of M. chimaera infection include endocarditis, hepatitis, nephritis, encephalitis and chorioretinitis. A constant histopathologic finding is the presence of non-caseating granulomas, with multinucleated giant cells and histiocytes. Hereby, we present two cases of fatal disseminated M. chimaera infection following aortic valve surgery reporting clinical history and post-mortem findings. Further, we provide a brief overview of the literature with a special focus on histopathological characteristics of M. chimaera infection. The aim of this article is to provide a complete synopsis of histopathological characteristics useful for forensic pathologists.
MeSH term(s)	Aged ; Aortic Valve/surgery ; Cardiac Surgical Procedures/adverse effects ; Equipment Contamination ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mycobacterium ; Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous/microbiology ; Mycobacterium avium Complex ; Postoperative Complications/microbiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-06-29
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Case Reports ; Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	1055109-8
ISSN	1437-1596 ; 0937-9827
ISSN (online)	1437-1596
ISSN	0937-9827
DOI	10.1007/s00414-021-02630-y
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Article: Built-up area and population density: Two Essential Societal Variables to address climate hazard impact.

Ehrlich, D / Kemper, T / Pesaresi, M / Corbane, C

Environmental science & policy

2020 Volume 90, Page(s) 73–82

Abstract: Scientists use Essential Climate Variables to understand and model the Earth's climate. Complementary to the Climate Variables this paper introduces global built-up area and population density, referred to as Essential Societal Variables, that can be ... ...

Abstract	Scientists use Essential Climate Variables to understand and model the Earth's climate. Complementary to the Climate Variables this paper introduces global built-up area and population density, referred to as Essential Societal Variables, that can be used to model human activities and the impact of climate induced hazards on society. Climate impact scenarios inform policy makers on current and future risk and on the cost for mitigation and adaptation measures. The global built-up area and global population densities are generated from Earth observation image archives and from national population census data in the framework of the Global Human Settlement Layer (GHSL) project. The layers are produced with fine granularity for four epochs: 1975, 1990, 2000 and 2015, and will be updated on a regular basis with open satellite imagery. The paper discusses the relevance of global built-up area and population density for a number of policy areas, in particular to understand regional and global urbanization processes and for use in operational crisis management and risk assessment. The paper also provides examples of global statistics on exposure to natural hazards based on the two ESVs and their use in policy making. Finally, the paper discusses the potential of using population and built-up area for developing indicators to monitor the progress in Agenda 2030 including the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-01-01
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	1454687-5
ISSN	1462-9011
ISSN	1462-9011
DOI	10.1016/j.envsci.2018.10.001
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Article ; Online: The Sapienza University of Rome network of automated external defibrillators: a prototype webMap developed to speed access to community defibrillators and increase survival from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.

Pesaresi, C / Pavia, D / Casini, L / Renzi, E / Failla, G / Kerr, M / Villari, P / De Vito, C

European review for medical and pharmacological sciences

2023 Volume 27, Issue 19, Page(s) 9363–9374

Abstract: Objective: In Italy, only around 10% of people who experience out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) survive. A large portion of OHCA events in public settings are characterized by an initial shockable rhythm, which requires prompt defibrillation. We ... ...

Abstract	Objective: In Italy, only around 10% of people who experience out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) survive. A large portion of OHCA events in public settings are characterized by an initial shockable rhythm, which requires prompt defibrillation. We aimed to create a system to quickly locate nearby public access automated external defibrillators (AEDs) on the campus of Sapienza University of Rome, the largest public university in Europe. Materials and methods: We developed the AED webMap through a 6-step process involving the: 1) collection of information and geographical coordinates for each AED from the university management system; 2) development of a new geolocation database; 3) integration of information contained in the new database with data provided by university departments; 4) geolocation of AEDs in the Google MyMaps environment; 5) graphic representation of all AEDs on digital map templates using specific symbols, with pop-ups containing additional information for each AED; and 6) publication of the webMap on the university website. Results: The AED webMap was published on the university website (https://www.uniroma1.it/it/pagina/defibrillatori-sapienza-in-rete) and facilitates prompt identification of nearby AEDs by providing: 1) detailed AED geolocalization with interactive pop-up information for each AED, including whether the AED is located internally or externally; 2) the option to use different base maps (e.g., digital street map); 3) calculation and display of the route to reach the chosen AED; and 4) the possibility to migrate towards multiple platforms. Conclusions: The webMap can help bystanders quickly identify, locate, and reach nearby AEDs present on the campus of the largest public university in Europe, a measure that could help speed defibrillation and maximize the life-saving potential of AEDs in the event of OHCA.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ; Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest/therapy ; Defibrillators ; Europe ; Databases, Factual ; Emergency Medical Services
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-01
Publishing country	Italy
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	605550-3
ISSN	2284-0729 ; 1128-3602 ; 0392-291X
ISSN (online)	2284-0729
ISSN	1128-3602 ; 0392-291X
DOI	10.26355/eurrev_202310_33964
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Article ; Online: Synthetic Cathinones and Neurotoxicity Risks: A Systematic Review.

Daziani, Gloria / Lo Faro, Alfredo Fabrizio / Montana, Vincenzo / Goteri, Gaia / Pesaresi, Mauro / Bambagiotti, Giulia / Montanari, Eva / Giorgetti, Raffaele / Montana, Angelo

International journal of molecular sciences

2023 Volume 24, Issue 7

Abstract: According to the EU Early Warning System (EWS), synthetic cathinones (SCs) are the second largest new psychoactive substances (NPS) class, with 162 synthetic cathinones monitored by the EU EWS. They have a similar structure to cathinone, principally ... ...

Abstract	According to the EU Early Warning System (EWS), synthetic cathinones (SCs) are the second largest new psychoactive substances (NPS) class, with 162 synthetic cathinones monitored by the EU EWS. They have a similar structure to cathinone, principally found in Catha Edulis; they have a phenethylamine related structure but also exhibit amphetamine-like stimulant effects. Illegal laboratories regularly develop new substances and place them on the market. For this reason, during the last decade this class of substances has presented a great challenge for public health and forensic toxicologists. Acting on different systems and with various mechanisms of action, the spectrum of side effects caused by the intake of these drugs of abuse is very broad. To date, most studies have focused on the substances' cardiac effects, and very few on their associated neurotoxicity. Specifically, synthetic cathinones appear to be involved in different neurological events, including increased alertness, mild agitation, severe psychosis, hyperthermia and death. A systematic literature search in PubMed and Scopus databases according to PRISMA guidelines was performed. A total of 515 studies published from 2005 to 2022 (350 articles from PubMed and 165 from Scopus) were initially screened for eligibility. The papers excluded, according to the criteria described in the Method Section (n = 401) and after full text analyses (n = 82), were 483 in total. The remaining 76 were included in the present review, as they met fully the inclusion criteria. The present work provides a comprehensive review on neurotoxic mechanisms of synthetic cathinones highlighting intoxication cases and fatalities in humans, as well as the toxic effects on animals (in particular rats, mice and zebrafish larvae). The reviewed studies showed brain-related adverse effects, including encephalopathy, coma and convulsions, and sympathomimetic and hallucinogenic toxidromes, together with the risk of developing excited/agitated delirium syndrome and serotonin syndrome.
MeSH term(s)	Mice ; Rats ; Humans ; Animals ; Synthetic Cathinone ; Zebrafish ; Central Nervous System Stimulants/toxicity ; Fever ; Amphetamine ; Neurotoxicity Syndromes/etiology ; Psychotropic Drugs/toxicity
Chemical Substances	Synthetic Cathinone ; Central Nervous System Stimulants ; Amphetamine (CK833KGX7E) ; Psychotropic Drugs
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-25
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Systematic Review ; Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2019364-6
ISSN	1422-0067 ; 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
ISSN (online)	1422-0067
ISSN	1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
DOI	10.3390/ijms24076230
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Article ; Online: The Multi-temporal and Multi-dimensional Global Urban Centre Database to Delineate and Analyse World Cities.

Melchiorri, Michele / Freire, Sergio / Schiavina, Marcello / Florczyk, Aneta / Corbane, Christina / Maffenini, Luca / Pesaresi, Martino / Politis, Panagiotis / Szabo, Filip / Ehrlich, Daniele / Tommasi, Pierpaolo / Airaghi, Donato / Zanchetta, Luigi / Kemper, Thomas

Scientific data

2024 Volume 11, Issue 1, Page(s) 82

Abstract: Monitoring sustainable urban development requires comparable geospatial information on cities across several thematic domains. Here we present the first global database combining such information with city extents. The Global Human Settlement Urban ... ...

Abstract	Monitoring sustainable urban development requires comparable geospatial information on cities across several thematic domains. Here we present the first global database combining such information with city extents. The Global Human Settlement Urban Centre Database (GHS-UCDB) is produced by geospatial data integration to characterise more than 10,000 urban centres worldwide. The database is multi-dimensional and multi-temporal, containing 28 variables across five domains and having multitemporal attributes for one or more epochs when the UC are delineated (1975-1990-2000-2015). Delineation of urban centres for the year 2015 is performed via a logic of grid cell population density, population size, and grid cell contiguity defined by the Degree of Urbanisation method. Each of the urban centres has 160 attributes, including a validation assessment. The novel aspects of this database concern the thematic richness and temporal depth of the variables (across geography, socio-economic, environmental, disaster risk reduction, and sustainable development domains) and the type of geo-information provided (location and extent), featuring an overall consistency that allows comparative analyses across locations and time.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-17
Publishing country	England
Document type	Dataset ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2775191-0
ISSN	2052-4463 ; 2052-4463
ISSN (online)	2052-4463
ISSN	2052-4463
DOI	10.1038/s41597-023-02691-1
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Article: Morphological and Genomic Differences in the Italian Populations of

Casavecchia, Simona / Giannelli, Francesco / Giovannotti, Massimo / Trucchi, Emiliano / Carducci, Federica / Quattrini, Giacomo / Lucchetti, Lara / Barucca, Marco / Canapa, Adriana / Biscotti, Maria Assunta / Aquilanti, Lucia / Pesaresi, Simone

Plants (Basel, Switzerland)

2024 Volume 13, Issue 5

Abstract: Onopordum ... ...

Abstract	Onopordum tauricum
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-27
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2704341-1
ISSN	2223-7747
ISSN	2223-7747
DOI	10.3390/plants13050654
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