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Article ; Online: CTX-M-55-type ESBL-producing Salmonella enterica are emerging among retail meats in Phnom Penh, Cambodia.

Nadimpalli, Maya / Fabre, Laetitia / Yith, Vuthy / Sem, Nita / Gouali, Malika / Delarocque-Astagneau, Elisabeth / Sreng, Navin / Le Hello, Simon

The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy

2018 Volume 74, Issue 2, Page(s) 342–348

Abstract: ... among fish. Most ESBL enzymes were encoded by blaCTX-M-55 genes (24/26) harboured on conjugative IncA/C2 (n ... treatment.: Conclusions: CTX-M-55-type S. enterica are highly prevalent among pork and fish from Phnom ...

Abstract	Background: Salmonella enterica is a leading cause of human gastroenteritis. S. enterica strains that produce ESBLs (ESBL-Salm) remain rare in Europe and North America, but less is known about their prevalence among animal-derived foods in countries with weaker food safety practices and unregulated veterinary antibiotic use. Objectives: To examine the prevalence and characteristics of ESBL-Salm from retail meats in Phnom Penh, Cambodia. Methods: We tested fish, pork and chicken from two markets for ESBL- and carbapenemase-producing Salmonella from September-December 2016, using cefotaxime- and ertapenem-supplemented media, respectively. ESBL-Salm were sequenced and their genomes characterized. We performed plasmid conjugation experiments to assess the co-transferability of ESBL-encoding genes and MDR phenotypes. Results: Twenty-six of 150 fish and meat samples (17%) were positive for ESBL-Salm, including 10/60 fish (17%), 15/60 pork (25%) and 1/30 chicken (3%). Carbapenemase-producing Salmonella strains were not detected. Pork-origin ESBL-Salm were primarily serotypes Rissen (10/15) or a monophasic variant of Typhimurium 4,5,12:i:- (3/15), whereas Saintpaul (3/10) and Newport (4/10) were more common among fish. Most ESBL enzymes were encoded by blaCTX-M-55 genes (24/26) harboured on conjugative IncA/C2 (n = 14) or IncHI2 (n = 10) plasmids. Resistance to up to six additional drug classes was co-transferred by each plasmid type. ESBL-Salm were resistant to almost every antibiotic recommended for severe salmonellosis treatment. Conclusions: CTX-M-55-type S. enterica are highly prevalent among pork and fish from Phnom Penh markets and their spread appears to be mediated by MDR IncA/C2 and IncHI2 plasmids. Food safety must be improved and veterinary antibiotic use should be regulated to protect public health.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology ; Bacterial Proteins/genetics ; Cambodia/epidemiology ; Chickens ; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial ; Fishes/microbiology ; Food Microbiology ; Gene Transfer, Horizontal ; Genome, Bacterial ; Meat/microbiology ; Plasmids/genetics ; Poultry/microbiology ; Prevalence ; Salmonella Infections, Animal/epidemiology ; Salmonella Infections, Animal/microbiology ; Salmonella enterica/enzymology ; Salmonella enterica/genetics ; beta-Lactamases/genetics
Chemical Substances	Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Bacterial Proteins ; beta-Lactamases (EC 3.5.2.6) ; carbapenemase (EC 3.5.2.6)
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-10-30
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	191709-2
ISSN	1460-2091 ; 0305-7453
ISSN (online)	1460-2091
ISSN	0305-7453
DOI	10.1093/jac/dky451
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Book ; Online: Le religieux sans la religion

Fabre, Michel / Clavier, Loïc

Vivre et éduquer sans absolu ? (1850-1950)

(Penser les valeurs en éducation et en formation)

2019

Series title	Penser les valeurs en éducation et en formation
Keywords	History of religion ; croyance ; religion ; religieux ; doctrine ; éduquer
Language	0\|f
Size	1 electronic resource (244 pages)
Publisher	Presses universitaires de Rouen et du Havre
Publishing place	Mont-Saint-Aignan
Document type	Book ; Online
Note	French ; Open Access
HBZ-ID	HT021618090
ISBN	9791024011462
Database	ZB MED Catalogue: Medicine, Health, Nutrition, Environment, Agriculture

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Article ; Online: Identification of the Mycobacterium marinum Apa antigen O-mannosylation sites reveals important glycosylation variability with the M. tuberculosis Apa homologue.

Coddeville, Bernadette / Wu, Sz-Wei / Fabre, Emeline / Brassart, Colette / Rombouts, Yoann / Burguière, Adeline / Kremer, Laurent / Khoo, Kay-Hooi / Elass-Rochard, Elisabeth / Guérardel, Yann

Journal of proteomics

2012 Volume 75, Issue 18, Page(s) 5695–5705

Abstract: ... cells by M. tuberculosis through interactions of Apa with the host immune system C-type lectins ... Mycobacterium marinum (M.ma) a fish pathogen, phylogenetically close to M. tuberculosis, induces a granulomatous ... response with features similar to those described for M. tuberculosis in human. Although M.ma possesses ...

Abstract	The 45/47 kDa Apa, an immuno-dominant antigen secreted by Mycobacterium tuberculosis is O-mannosylated at multiple sites. Glycosylation of Apa plays a key role in colonization and invasion of the host cells by M. tuberculosis through interactions of Apa with the host immune system C-type lectins. Mycobacterium marinum (M.ma) a fish pathogen, phylogenetically close to M. tuberculosis, induces a granulomatous response with features similar to those described for M. tuberculosis in human. Although M.ma possesses an Apa homologue, its glycosylation status is unknown, and whether this represents a crucial element in the pathophysiology induced by M.ma remains to be addressed. To this aim, we have identified two concanavalin A-reactive 45/47 kDa proteins from M.ma, which have been further purified by a two-step anion exchange chromatography process. Advanced liquid chromatography-nanoESI mass spectrometry-based proteomic analyses of peptides, derived from either tryptic digestion alone or in combination with the Asp-N endoproteinase, established that M.ma Apa possesses up to seven distinct O-mannosylated sites with mainly single mannose substitutions, which can be further extended at the Ser/Thr/Pro rich region near the N-terminus. This opens the way to further studies focussing on the involvement and biological functions of Apa O-mannosylation using the M.ma/zebrafish model.
MeSH term(s)	Amino Acid Sequence ; Antigens, Bacterial/chemistry ; Antigens, Bacterial/metabolism ; Bacterial Proteins/chemistry ; Glycoproteins/chemistry ; Glycoproteins/metabolism ; Glycosylation ; Mannose/metabolism ; Mycobacterium marinum/immunology ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis/immunology
Chemical Substances	Antigens, Bacterial ; Bacterial Proteins ; Glycoproteins ; Mannose (PHA4727WTP)
Language	English
Publishing date	2012-10-22
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2400835-7
ISSN	1876-7737 ; 1874-3919
ISSN (online)	1876-7737
ISSN	1874-3919
DOI	10.1016/j.jprot.2012.07.017
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Article ; Online: Chromosomal integration of the extended-spectrum beta-lactamase gene blaCTX-M-15 in Salmonella enterica serotype Concord isolates from internationally adopted children.

Fabre, Laëtitia / Delauné, Aurélia / Espié, Emmanuelle / Nygard, Karin / Pardos de la Gandara, Maria / Polomack, Lucette / Guesnier, Françoise / Galimand, Marc / Lassen, Jørgen / Weill, François-Xavier

Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy

2009 Volume 53, Issue 5, Page(s) 1808–1816

Abstract: ... variant 6,7:l,v:-) producing the extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) SHV-12 and CTX-M-15 in France ... collected after 2003 produced CTX-M-15. We detected two conjugative plasmids carrying bla(CTX-M-15). One ... quinolone resistance gene qnrA1. The other plasmid, from one of the earliest CTX-M-15-producing isolates ...

Abstract	We report the emergence of Salmonella enterica isolates of serotype Concord (and its monophasic variant 6,7:l,v:-) producing the extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) SHV-12 and CTX-M-15 in France and Norway between 2001 and 2006 (43 in France and 26 in Norway). The majority of these isolates were from adopted children from Ethiopia, most of whom were healthy carriers. Several symptomatic secondary cases were found in the adoptive families and health care facilities in France. Serotype Concord isolates collected before 2003 produced SHV-12 encoded on a 340-kb conjugative plasmid of replicon IncI1. Isolates collected after 2003 produced CTX-M-15. We detected two conjugative plasmids carrying bla(CTX-M-15). One plasmid, approximately 300 kb in size, was positive for the IncHI2 replicon and the plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance gene qnrA1. The other plasmid, from one of the earliest CTX-M-15-producing isolates collected, was a fusion plasmid with IncY and IncA/C(2) replicons and was 200 kb in size. However, we showed, using Southern hybridization of I-CeuI-digested chromosomal DNA and S1 nuclease analysis of plasmid DNA, that most isolates had a bla(CTX-M-15) gene located on chromosomal DNA. Analysis of the flanking regions of the chromosomally located bla(CTX-M-15) gene by cloning revealed an ISEcp1 truncated by an intact IS26 upstream from the bla(CTX-M-15) gene and a truncated orf477 gene downstream from bla(CTX-M-15). We found regions beyond the IS26 and the orf477 genes that were derived from IncA/C(2) plasmids, suggesting the chromosomal integration of part of the bla(CTX-M-15)-carrying IncY and IncA/C(2) fusion plasmid from early CTX-M-15-producing isolates.
MeSH term(s)	Adoption ; Adult ; Aged, 80 and over ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology ; Child, Preschool ; Chromosomes, Bacterial/genetics ; Conjugation, Genetic ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial/genetics ; Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field ; France/epidemiology ; Humans ; Infant ; Internationality ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Norway/epidemiology ; Plasmids ; Salmonella Infections/epidemiology ; Salmonella Infections/microbiology ; Salmonella enterica/classification ; Salmonella enterica/drug effects ; Salmonella enterica/enzymology ; Salmonella enterica/genetics ; Salmonella enterica/isolation & purification ; Serotyping ; beta-Lactamases/genetics
Chemical Substances	Anti-Bacterial Agents ; beta-lactamase CTX-M-15 (EC 3.5.2.-) ; beta-Lactamases (EC 3.5.2.6)
Language	English
Publishing date	2009-03-09
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	217602-6
ISSN	1098-6596 ; 0066-4804
ISSN (online)	1098-6596
ISSN	0066-4804
DOI	10.1128/AAC.00451-08
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Article: Nosocomial outbreak caused by Salmonella enterica serotype Livingstone producing CTX-M-27 extended-spectrum beta-lactamase in a neonatal unit in Sousse, Tunisia.

Bouallègue-Godet, Olfa / Ben Salem, Youssef / Fabre, Laëtitia / Demartin, Marie / Grimont, Patrick A D / Mzoughi, Ridha / Weill, François-Xavier

Journal of clinical microbiology

2005 Volume 43, Issue 3, Page(s) 1037–1044

Abstract: ... by a single clone. The ESBL was identified as CTX-M-27 by sequencing of PCR products and ... ISEcp1 was found to be located upstream of bla(CTX-M-27) in the same position as that known for a bla(CTX ... M-14) sequence. A new gene named dfrA21, encoding resistance to trimethoprim and carried by a 90-kb ...

Abstract	In this study, we report an outbreak of Salmonella enterica serotype Livingstone resistant to extended-spectrum cephalosporins that occurred in a neonatal ward of the maternity department of Farhat Hached Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia, in 2002. A total of 16 isolates were recovered from 16 babies hospitalized in the ward during the period 1 to 16 July. All these babies developed diarrhea, and three of them developed septicemia. All the isolates demonstrated resistance to ceftriaxone and ceftazidime due to the production of an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL). The isolates were also resistant to aminoglycosides (kanamycin, tobramycin, netilmicin, gentamicin, and amikacin) and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim. DNA profiles were determined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis using the XbaI and SpeI endonucleases and by ribotyping with PstI digestion. They yielded the same patterns, showing that the outbreak was caused by a single clone. The ESBL was identified as CTX-M-27 by sequencing of PCR products and by isoelectric focusing. The ESBL resistance was transferred by a 40-kb conjugative plasmid. The mobile insertion sequence ISEcp1 was found to be located upstream of bla(CTX-M-27) in the same position as that known for a bla(CTX-M-14) sequence. A new gene named dfrA21, encoding resistance to trimethoprim and carried by a 90-kb plasmid, was characterized. The dfrA21 gene was inserted as a single resistance cassette in a class I integron. The babies were treated with colistin, and all except two recovered. The outbreak came to an end when appropriate actions were taken: patient isolation, hand washing, and disinfection of the ward.
MeSH term(s)	Amino Acid Sequence ; Conjugation, Genetic ; Cross Infection/etiology ; Disease Outbreaks ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial/genetics ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Integrons ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Salmonella Infections/etiology ; Salmonella enterica/classification ; Salmonella enterica/drug effects ; Salmonella enterica/enzymology ; Salmonella enterica/isolation & purification ; Tunisia/epidemiology ; beta-Lactamases/genetics
Chemical Substances	beta-Lactamases (EC 3.5.2.6)
Language	English
Publishing date	2005-03
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	390499-4
ISSN	1098-660X ; 0095-1137
ISSN (online)	1098-660X
ISSN	0095-1137
DOI	10.1128/JCM.43.3.1037-1044.2005
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Article: High genetic diversity revealed by variable-number tandem repeat genotyping and analysis of hsp65 gene polymorphism in a large collection of "Mycobacterium canettii" strains indicates that the M. tuberculosis complex is a recently emerged clone of "M. canettii".

Fabre, Michel / Koeck, Jean-Louis / Le Flèche, Philippe / Simon, Fabrice / Hervé, Vincent / Vergnaud, Gilles / Pourcel, Christine

Journal of clinical microbiology

2004 Volume 42, Issue 7, Page(s) 3248–3255

Abstract: ... sequence variability was found for hsp65 in the whole MTBC, and as a single point mutation separates M ... tuberculosis from the closest "M. canettii" strains, this diversity within "M. canettii" subspecies strongly ...

Abstract	We have analyzed, using complementary molecular methods, the diversity of 43 strains of "Mycobacterium canettii" originating from the Republic of Djibouti, on the Horn of Africa, from 1998 to 2003. Genotyping by multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis shows that all the strains belong to a single but very distant group when compared to strains of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC). Thirty-one strains cluster into one large group with little variability and five strains form another group, whereas the other seven are more diverged. In total, 14 genotypes are observed. The DR locus analysis reveals additional variability, some strains being devoid of a direct repeat locus and others having unique spacers. The hsp65 gene polymorphism was investigated by restriction enzyme analysis and sequencing of PCR amplicons. Four new single nucleotide polymorphisms were discovered. One strain was characterized by three nucleotide changes in 441 bp, creating new restriction enzyme polymorphisms. As no sequence variability was found for hsp65 in the whole MTBC, and as a single point mutation separates M. tuberculosis from the closest "M. canettii" strains, this diversity within "M. canettii" subspecies strongly suggests that it is the most probable source species of the MTBC rather than just another branch of the MTBC.
MeSH term(s)	Bacterial Proteins/genetics ; Base Sequence ; Chaperonin 60 ; Chaperonins/genetics ; Genetic Variation ; Genotype ; Minisatellite Repeats ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mycobacterium/classification ; Mycobacterium/genetics ; Mycobacterium bovis/classification ; Mycobacterium bovis/genetics ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis/classification ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis/genetics ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid
Chemical Substances	Bacterial Proteins ; Chaperonin 60 ; heat-shock protein 65, Mycobacterium ; Chaperonins (EC 3.6.1.-)
Language	English
Publishing date	2004-07
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	390499-4
ISSN	1098-660X ; 0095-1137
ISSN (online)	1098-660X
ISSN	0095-1137
DOI	10.1128/JCM.42.7.3248-3255.2004
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Article: Identification of the Mycobacterium marinum Apa antigen O-mannosylation sites reveals important glycosylation variability with the M. tuberculosis Apa homologue

Coddeville, Bernadette / Wu, Sz-Wei / Fabre, Emeline / Brassart, Colette / Rombouts, Yoann / Burguière, Adeline / Kremer, Laurent / Khoo, Kay-Hooi / Elass-Rochard, Elisabeth / Guérardel, Yann

Journal of proteomics. 2012 Oct. 22, v. 75, no. 18

2012

Abstract	The 45/47kDa Apa, an immuno-dominant antigen secreted by Mycobacterium tuberculosis is O-mannosylated at multiple sites. Glycosylation of Apa plays a key role in colonization and invasion of the host cells by M. tuberculosis through interactions of Apa with the host immune system C-type lectins. Mycobacterium marinum (M.ma) a fish pathogen, phylogenetically close to M. tuberculosis, induces a granulomatous response with features similar to those described for M. tuberculosis in human. Although M.ma possesses an Apa homologue, its glycosylation status is unknown, and whether this represents a crucial element in the pathophysiology induced by M.ma remains to be addressed. To this aim, we have identified two concanavalin A-reactive 45/47kDa proteins from M.ma, which have been further purified by a two-step anion exchange chromatography process. Advanced liquid chromatography-nanoESI mass spectrometry-based proteomic analyses of peptides, derived from either tryptic digestion alone or in combination with the Asp-N endoproteinase, established that M.ma Apa possesses up to seven distinct O-mannosylated sites with mainly single mannose substitutions, which can be further extended at the Ser/Thr/Pro rich region near the N-terminus. This opens the way to further studies focussing on the involvement and biological functions of Apa O-mannosylation using the M.ma/zebrafish model.
Keywords	Danio rerio ; Mycobacterium marinum ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis ; anion exchange chromatography ; antigens ; fish ; glycosylation ; humans ; immune system ; lectins ; mannose ; models ; pathogens ; pathophysiology ; peptides ; phylogeny ; proteomics
Language	English
Dates of publication	2012-1022
Size	p. 5695-5705.
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2400835-7
ISSN	1876-7737 ; 1874-3919
ISSN (online)	1876-7737
ISSN	1874-3919
DOI	10.1016/j.jprot.2012.07.017
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Novel plasmid-encoded ceftazidime-hydrolyzing CTX-M-53 extended-spectrum beta-lactamase from Salmonella enterica serotypes Westhampton and Senftenberg.

Doublet, Benoît / Granier, Sophie A / Robin, Frédéric / Bonnet, Richard / Fabre, Laëtitia / Brisabois, Anne / Cloeckaert, Axel / Weill, François-Xavier

Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy

2009 Volume 53, Issue 5, Page(s) 1944–1951

Abstract: We describe the characterization of a novel CTX-M beta-lactamase from Salmonella enterica. Four S ... The isolates were found to produce a novel extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) belonging to the CTX-M-1 ... phylogenetic group and named CTX-M-53. The CTX-M-53 beta-lactamase harbored the substitution Asp240Gly, like ...

Abstract	We describe the characterization of a novel CTX-M beta-lactamase from Salmonella enterica. Four S. enterica isolates (three of serotype Westhampton and one of serotype Senftenberg) resistant to extended-spectrum cephalosporins (cefotaxime and ceftazidime) were recovered in 2004 from living cockles in three supermarkets located in distant geographic areas in France, which got their supplies from the same fishery. The isolates were found to produce a novel extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) belonging to the CTX-M-1 phylogenetic group and named CTX-M-53. The CTX-M-53 beta-lactamase harbored the substitution Asp240Gly, like the CTX-M-15 enzyme, which is specifically implicated in a higher catalytic efficiency against ceftazidime. The bla(CTX-M-53) gene was located on a mobilizable 11-kb plasmid, pWES-1. The complete sequence of pWES-1 revealed the presence of a novel insertion sequence, ISSen2, and an IS26 element upstream and downstream of the bla(CTX-M-53) gene, respectively; however, transposition assays of the bla(CTX-M-53) gene were unsuccessful. IS26 elements may have contributed to the acquisition of the bla(CTX-M-53) gene. Interestingly, the mobilization module of the pWES-1 plasmid was similar to that of quinolone resistance plasmids (carrying the qnrS2 gene) from aquatic sources. Although belonging to two serotypes differentiated on the basis of the O-antigen structure (E1 or E4 groups), the isolates were found to be genetically indistinguishable by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Multilocus sequence typing showed that the isolates of serotype Westhampton had a sequence type, ST14, common among isolates of serotype Senftenberg. This is the first characterization of the CTX-M-53 ESBL, which represents an additional ceftazidime-hydrolyzing CTX-M enzyme.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/metabolism ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology ; Bacterial Proteins/genetics ; Bacterial Proteins/metabolism ; Cardiidae/microbiology ; Ceftazidime/metabolism ; Ceftazidime/pharmacology ; Ceftriaxone/metabolism ; Ceftriaxone/pharmacology ; Cephalosporin Resistance ; Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field ; France ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Plasmids/genetics ; Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods ; Salmonella enterica/classification ; Salmonella enterica/drug effects ; Salmonella enterica/enzymology ; Salmonella enterica/genetics ; Serotyping ; beta-Lactamases/genetics ; beta-Lactamases/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Bacterial Proteins ; Ceftriaxone (75J73V1629) ; Ceftazidime (9M416Z9QNR) ; beta-Lactamases (EC 3.5.2.6)
Language	English
Publishing date	2009-03-09
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	217602-6
ISSN	1098-6596 ; 0066-4804
ISSN (online)	1098-6596
ISSN	0066-4804
DOI	10.1128/AAC.01581-08
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Article ; Online: Distinct fibroblast functions associated with fibrotic and immune-mediated inflammatory diseases and their implications for therapeutic development.

M S Barron, Alexander / Fabre, Thomas / De, Saurav

F1000Research

2024 Volume 13, Page(s) 54

Abstract: Fibroblasts are ubiquitous cells that can adopt many functional states. As tissue-resident sentinels, they respond to acute damage signals and shape the earliest events in fibrotic and immune-mediated inflammatory diseases. Upon sensing an insult, ... ...

Abstract	Fibroblasts are ubiquitous cells that can adopt many functional states. As tissue-resident sentinels, they respond to acute damage signals and shape the earliest events in fibrotic and immune-mediated inflammatory diseases. Upon sensing an insult, fibroblasts produce chemokines and growth factors to organize and support the response. Depending on the size and composition of the resulting infiltrate, these activated fibroblasts may also begin to contract or relax thus changing local stiffness within the tissue. These early events likely contribute to the divergent clinical manifestations of fibrotic and immune-mediated inflammatory diseases. Further, distinct changes to the cellular composition and signaling dialogue in these diseases drive progressive fibroblasts specialization. In fibrotic diseases, fibroblasts support the survival, activation and differentiation of myeloid cells, granulocytes and innate lymphocytes, and produce most of the pathogenic extracellular matrix proteins. Whereas, in immune-mediated inflammatory diseases, sequential accumulation of dendritic cells, T cells and B cells programs fibroblasts to support local, destructive adaptive immune responses. Fibroblast specialization has clear implications for the development of effective induction and maintenance therapies for patients with these clinically distinct diseases.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Fibroblasts/immunology ; Fibroblasts/pathology ; Inflammation/immunology ; Inflammation/pathology ; Fibrosis ; Animals
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-10
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2699932-8
ISSN	2046-1402 ; 2046-1402
ISSN (online)	2046-1402
ISSN	2046-1402
DOI	10.12688/f1000research.143472.1
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Article ; Online: A threshold model of plastic waste fragmentation: New insights into the distribution of microplastics in the ocean and its evolution over time.

George, Matthieu / Nallet, Frédéric / Fabre, Pascale

Marine pollution bulletin

2024 Volume 199, Page(s) 116012

Abstract: Plastic pollution in the aquatic environment has been assessed for many years by ocean waste collection expeditions around the globe or by river sampling. While the total amount of plastic produced worldwide is well documented, the amount of plastic ... ...

Abstract	Plastic pollution in the aquatic environment has been assessed for many years by ocean waste collection expeditions around the globe or by river sampling. While the total amount of plastic produced worldwide is well documented, the amount of plastic found in the ocean, the distribution of particles on its surface and its evolution over time are still the subject of much debate. In this article, we propose a general fragmentation model, postulating the existence of a critical size below which particle fragmentation becomes extremely unlikely. In the frame of this model, an abundance peak appears for sizes around 1 mm, in agreement with real environmental data. Using, in addition, a realistic exponential waste feed to the ocean, we discuss the relative impact of fragmentation and feed rates, and the temporal evolution of microplastics (MP) distribution. New conclusions on the temporal trend of MP pollution are drawn.
MeSH term(s)	Microplastics ; Plastics ; Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis ; Environmental Monitoring ; Oceans and Seas
Chemical Substances	Microplastics ; Plastics ; Water Pollutants, Chemical
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-16
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2001296-2
ISSN	1879-3363 ; 0025-326X
ISSN (online)	1879-3363
ISSN	0025-326X
DOI	10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.116012
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