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Article ; Online: Diagnostic and therapeutic approach to hypernatremia.

Ilardi, Alfonso

Diagnosis (Berlin, Germany)

2022 Volume 9, Issue 4, Page(s) 403–410

Abstract: Hypernatremia occurs when the plasma sodium concentration is greater than 145 mmol/L. Depending on the duration, hypernatremia can be differentiated into acute and chronic. According to severity: mild, moderate and threatening hypernatremia. Finally, ... ...

Abstract	Hypernatremia occurs when the plasma sodium concentration is greater than 145 mmol/L. Depending on the duration, hypernatremia can be differentiated into acute and chronic. According to severity: mild, moderate and threatening hypernatremia. Finally, depending on pathogenesis, hypernatremia can be defined as hypervolemic, hypovolemic, and euvolemic. Acute hypervolemic hypernatremia is often secondary to increased sodium intake (hypertonic NaCl and NaHCO
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Hypernatremia/diagnosis ; Hypernatremia/etiology ; Hypernatremia/therapy ; Hypovolemia/complications
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-08-02
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ISSN	2194-802X
ISSN (online)	2194-802X
DOI	10.1515/dx-2022-0034
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: COVID-19

Alfonso Ilardi

Encyclopedia, Vol 2, Iss 56, Pp 864-

Gender and Outcomes

2022 Volume 872

Abstract: The existence of differences in susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection between males and females in both incidence and outcomes is well documented in the scientific literature. These differences, which are still underestimated, may have important ... ...

Abstract	The existence of differences in susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection between males and females in both incidence and outcomes is well documented in the scientific literature. These differences, which are still underestimated, may have important implications in terms of prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of COVID-19, with significant prognostic consequences. The greater severity of the infection observed in males, even more so if they are elderly, would seem, according to current knowledge, to be due to multiple influences: immunological and endocrinological, but also genetic and behavioral.
Keywords	immunosenescence ; coronavirus ; Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) ; dendritic cells ; estradiol ; Science ; Q
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Predictive Role of Population Density and Use of Public Transport for Major Outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in the Italian Population: An Ecological Study.

Ilardi, Alfonso / Chieffi, Sergio / Ilardi, Ciro Rosario

Journal of research in health sciences

2021 Volume 21, Issue 2, Page(s) e00518

Abstract: Background: This study aimed at assessing how population density (PD), aging index (AI), use of public transport (URPT), and PM10 concentration (PI) modulated the trajectory of the main COVID-19 pandemic outcomes in Italy, also in the recrudescence ... ...

Abstract	Background: This study aimed at assessing how population density (PD), aging index (AI), use of public transport (URPT), and PM10 concentration (PI) modulated the trajectory of the main COVID-19 pandemic outcomes in Italy, also in the recrudescence phase of the epidemic. Study design: Ecological study. Methods: For each region, we recovered data about cases, deaths, and case fatality rate (CFR) recorded since both the beginning of the epidemic and September 1, 2020. Data about total hospitalizations were included as well. Results: PD correlated with, and was the best predictor of, total and partial cases, total and partial deaths, and total hospitalizations. Moreover, URPT correlated with, and was the best predictor of, total CFR. Besides, PI correlated significantly with total and partial cases, total and partial deaths, and total hospitalizations. Conclusion: PD explains COVID-19 morbidity, mortality, and severity while URPT is the best predictor of disease lethality. These findings should be interpreted with caution due to the ecological fallacy.
MeSH term(s)	Age Factors ; Air Pollution/adverse effects ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; COVID-19/mortality ; Environment ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Italy ; Pandemics ; Particle Size ; Population Density ; Recurrence ; Risk Factors ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Severity of Illness Index ; Transportation
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-04-12
Publishing country	Iran
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2575001-X
ISSN	2228-7809 ; 2228-7809
ISSN (online)	2228-7809
ISSN	2228-7809
DOI	10.34172/jrhs.2021.46
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: COVID-19: could sex and age be a risk factor?

Ilardi, Alfonso / Politi, Cecilia / Ciarambino, Tiziana

Minerva medica

2020 Volume 114, Issue 3, Page(s) 391–392

MeSH term(s)	Humans ; COVID-19 ; Risk Factors
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-07-20
Publishing country	Italy
Document type	Letter
ZDB-ID	123586-2
ISSN	1827-1669 ; 0026-4806
ISSN (online)	1827-1669
ISSN	0026-4806
DOI	10.23736/S0026-4806.20.06705-1
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Chest pain management: use of troponins in internal medicine wards.

Ilardi, Alfonso / Caruso, Giuseppe / Ilardi, Ciro Rosario / D'Avino, Maria

Diagnosis (Berlin, Germany)

2020 Volume 8, Issue 3, Page(s) 388–391

Abstract: Objectives: To probe the reference biomarkers used to manage chest pain (CP) by Italian internists.: Methods: Two hundred and fifty-seven doctors registered as members of the Federation of Associations of Hospital Doctors on Internal Medicine of the ... ...

Abstract	Objectives: To probe the reference biomarkers used to manage chest pain (CP) by Italian internists. Methods: Two hundred and fifty-seven doctors registered as members of the Federation of Associations of Hospital Doctors on Internal Medicine of the Campania Region (FADOI-Campania) were surveyed by means of Google Forms platform. Each participant was asked to report his/her sex, age, and location and hospital size (beds in hospital) in which he/she worked. Furthermore, they were asked to indicate the reference biomarker he/she usually employed in the management of patients with CP, choosing from four possible answers. In line with national and international guidelines, cardiac troponins are the gold standard biomarkers. Results: Eighty-two internists (30 females) completed the survey. Interestingly, only 30.5% of participants indicated the cardiac troponins as reference biomarker. Moreover, internists working in medium-sized hospitals appeared to prefer the simultaneous measurement of cardiac troponins and Creatine Kinase MB Isoenzyme. Conclusions: Given the economic impact of performing inappropriate examinations and the frequency of the CP symptom and associated diseases, rethinking pathways in a multidisciplinary and shared fashion can promote optimization and appropriateness, and therefore stop wastefulness.
MeSH term(s)	Biomarkers ; Chest Pain/diagnosis ; Creatine Kinase, MB Form ; Female ; Hospitals ; Humans ; Male ; Troponin
Chemical Substances	Biomarkers ; Troponin ; Creatine Kinase, MB Form (EC 2.7.3.2)
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-11-24
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2194-802X
ISSN (online)	2194-802X
DOI	10.1515/dx-2020-0133
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Article ; Online: SARS-CoV-2 in Italy: Population Density Correlates with Morbidity and Mortality.

Ilardi, Alfonso / Chieffi, Sergio / Iavarone, Alessandro / Ilardi, Ciro Rosario

Japanese journal of infectious diseases

2020 Volume 74, Issue 1, Page(s) 61–64

Abstract: Since the beginning of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic in China, elderly and multimorbid subjects showed a higher mortality rate. However, other factors could influence the mortality and spread of contagion, such as population density. ... ...

Abstract	Since the beginning of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic in China, elderly and multimorbid subjects showed a higher mortality rate. However, other factors could influence the mortality and spread of contagion, such as population density. Archival research based on the Italian data stratified by region was performed to quantify the association between population density, aging index, number of positive cases, number of deaths, case-fatality rate, and medical equipment (gloves, masks, and ventilators). Results showed a significant positive linear correlation between population density and cases, deaths, and case-fatality rate. No correlation with the aging index was observed. Furthermore, we found a significant positive correlation between the number of medical supplies and population density, cases, and deaths. However, the medical supplies did not show any correlation with the case-fatality rate. Thus, these findings suggest that the population density and the lack of medical equipment are key factors explaining the morbidity and mortality of COVID-19 in Italy.
MeSH term(s)	COVID-19/epidemiology ; COVID-19/mortality ; COVID-19/pathology ; Humans ; Italy/epidemiology ; Population Density ; Risk Factors ; SARS-CoV-2
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-06-30
Publishing country	Japan
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1478383-6
ISSN	1884-2836 ; 1344-6304
ISSN (online)	1884-2836
ISSN	1344-6304
DOI	10.7883/yoken.JJID.2020.200
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Article ; Online: What makes us more susceptible to false memories in the era of COVID-19? A focus on vaccines and Green Pass.

Scuotto, Chiara / Ilardi, Ciro Rosario / Maggi, Gianpaolo / Ilardi, Alfonso / Gamboz, Nadia / Staiano, Maria / Borrelli, Giovanni / La Marra, Marco / Perrella, Raffaella

Brain and behavior

2022 Volume 13, Issue 1, Page(s) e2815

Abstract: Introduction: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic was accompanied by an overabundance of fake news increasing the risk of developing false memories (FMs). Previous studies have shown that the relationship between fake news and FMs could be ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic was accompanied by an overabundance of fake news increasing the risk of developing false memories (FMs). Previous studies have shown that the relationship between fake news and FMs could be mediated by some individual variables, including attitudinal biases. We explored the role of these variables in true memories (TMs) and FMs formation, with special emphasis on vaccine- and Green Pass (GP)-related topics. Method: We set up a large online survey exploring several constructs including media usage, attitude toward vaccines and GP, perceived (PK) and objective knowledge (OK) about COVID-19-related information, fear of the disease, depression and anxiety symptoms, coping mechanisms, and reasoning skills. Then, we asked participants whether they remembered certain news (true or fake), providing confidence ratings. Results: Data from 289 respondents (198 females) from the general population were analyzed. Participants with positive attitude reported a greater fear that their loved ones contracted the COVID-19, a more frequent use of traditional media, and a higher PK when compared with respondents with negative attitude. On the whole sample, participants reported higher confidence levels when required to judge their memory of true than fake news; however, participants with positive attitude reported a higher confidence for both true and fake news. The relationship between attitude and TM confidence was mediated by the PK, whereas the relationship between attitude and FM confidence was probably affected by OK. Conclusion: Attitude can modulate individual behaviors in the context of health issues. The PK and OK may interact with attitude in the memory formation.
MeSH term(s)	Female ; Humans ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; Problem Solving ; Memory ; Deception ; Vaccines
Chemical Substances	Vaccines
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-11-30
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2623587-0
ISSN	2162-3279 ; 2162-3279
ISSN (online)	2162-3279
ISSN	2162-3279
DOI	10.1002/brb3.2815
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: COVID-19: could sex and age be a risk factor?

Ilardi, Alfonso / Politi, Cecilia / Ciarambino, Tiziana

Minerva med

Keywords	covid19
Publisher	WHO
Document type	Article
Note	WHO #Covidence: #664027
Database	COVID19

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Article: Objective Knowledge Mediates the Relationship between the Use of Social Media and COVID-19-Related False Memories.

Scuotto, Chiara / Ilardi, Ciro Rosario / Avallone, Francesco / Maggi, Gianpaolo / Ilardi, Alfonso / Borrelli, Giovanni / Gamboz, Nadia / La Marra, Marco / Perrella, Raffaella

Brain sciences

2021 Volume 11, Issue 11

Abstract: The exposure to relevant social and/or historical events can increase the generation of false memories (FMs). The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is a calamity challenging health, political, and journalistic bodies, with media generating ... ...

Abstract	The exposure to relevant social and/or historical events can increase the generation of false memories (FMs). The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is a calamity challenging health, political, and journalistic bodies, with media generating confusion that has facilitated the spread of fake news. In this respect, our study aims at investigating the relationships between memories (true memories, TMs vs. FMs) for COVID-19-related news and different individual variables (i.e., use of traditional and social media, COVID-19 perceived and objective knowledge, fear of the disease, depression and anxiety symptoms, reasoning skills, and coping mechanisms). One hundred and seventy-one university students (131 females) were surveyed. Overall, our results suggested that depression and anxiety symptoms, reasoning skills, and coping mechanisms did not affect the formation of FMs. Conversely, the fear of loved ones contracting the infection was found to be negatively associated with FMs. This finding might be due to an empathy/prosociality-based positive bias boosting memory abilities, also explained by the young age of participants. Furthermore, objective knowledge (i) predicted an increase in TMs and decrease in FMs and (ii) significantly mediated the relationships between the use of social media and development of both TMs and FMs. In particular, higher levels of objective knowledge strengthened the formation of TMs and decreased the development of FMs following use of social media. These results may lead to reconsidering the idea of social media as the main source of fake news. This claim is further supported by either the lack of substantial differences between the use of traditional and social media among participants reporting FMs or the positive association between use of social media and levels of objective knowledge. The knowledge about the topic rather than the type of source would make a difference in the process of memory formation.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-11-11
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2651993-8
ISSN	2076-3425
ISSN	2076-3425
DOI	10.3390/brainsci11111489
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: SARS-CoV-2 in Italy: Population Density correlates with Morbidity and Mortality

Ilardi, Alfonso / Chieffi, Sergio / Iavarone, Alessandro / Ilardi, Ciro Rosario

Jpn. j. infect. dis

Abstract: Since the beginning of the SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 epidemic in China, elderly and multimorbid subjects showed a higher mortality rate. However, other factors could influence the mortality and the spread of contagion such as the population density. An ... ...

Abstract	Since the beginning of the SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 epidemic in China, elderly and multimorbid subjects showed a higher mortality rate. However, other factors could influence the mortality and the spread of contagion such as the population density. An archival research based on the Italian data stratified by region was performed in order to quantify the association between the population density, ageing index, number of positive cases, number of deaths, case-fatality rate, and medical equipment (gloves, masks, and ventilators). Results showed a significant positive linear relationship between the population density and cases, deaths, and case-fatality rate. No correlation with the ageing index was shown. Furthermore, we found a significant positive correlation between the number of medical supplies and population density, cases, and deaths. However, the medical supplies did not show any correlation with the case-fatality rate. Taken together, these findings suggest that the population density and the lack of medical equipment are key factors explaining morbidity and mortality of COVID-19 in Italy.
Keywords	covid19
Publisher	WHO
Document type	Article
Note	WHO #Covidence: #627907
Database	COVID19

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