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Article ; Online: Discussion about the Latest Findings on the Possible Relation between Air Particulate Matter and COVID-19.

Collivignarelli, Maria Cristina / Bellazzi, Stefano / Caccamo, Francesca Maria / Carnevale Miino, Marco

International journal of environmental research and public health

2023 Volume 20, Issue 6

Abstract: Since SARS-CoV-2 was identified, the scientific community has tried to understand the variables that can influence its spread. Several studies have already highlighted a possible link between particulate matter (PM) and COVID-19. This work is a brief ... ...

Abstract	Since SARS-CoV-2 was identified, the scientific community has tried to understand the variables that can influence its spread. Several studies have already highlighted a possible link between particulate matter (PM) and COVID-19. This work is a brief discussion about the latest findings on this topic, highlighting the gaps in the current results and possible tips for future studies. Based on the literature outcomes, PM is suspected to play a double role in COVID-19: a chronic and an acute one. The chronic role is related to the possible influence of long-term and short-term exposure to high concentrations of PM in developing severe forms of COVID-19, including death. The acute role is linked to the possible carrier function of PM in SARS-CoV-2. The scientific community seems sure that the inflammatory effect on the respiratory system of short-term exposure to a high concentration of PM, and other additional negative effects on human health in cases of longer exposure, increases the risk of developing a more severe form of COVID-19 in cases of contagion. On the contrary, the results regarding PM acting as a carrier of SARS-CoV-2 are more conflicting, especially regarding the possible inactivation of the virus in the environment, and no final explanation on the possible acute role of PM in the spread of COVID-19 can be inferred.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; COVID-19 ; Particulate Matter/analysis ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Air Pollutants/toxicity ; Air Pollutants/analysis ; Air Pollution/adverse effects ; Air Pollution/analysis
Chemical Substances	Particulate Matter ; Air Pollutants
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-14
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2175195-X
ISSN	1660-4601 ; 1661-7827
ISSN (online)	1660-4601
ISSN	1661-7827
DOI	10.3390/ijerph20065132
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Article ; Online: Special Issue on Frontier Research in Waters, Air and Wastes

Marco Carnevale Miino / Alessandro Abbà / Maria Cristina Collivignarelli

Applied Sciences, Vol 13, Iss 4278, p

2023 Volume 4278

Abstract: To solve global problems about water and air pollution and waste production, research plays a key and essential role [.] ...

Abstract	To solve global problems about water and air pollution and waste production, research plays a key and essential role [.]
Keywords	n/a ; Technology ; T ; Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ; TA1-2040 ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5 ; Physics ; QC1-999 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Special Issue on Sewage Sludge

Marco Carnevale Miino / Maria Cristina Collivignarelli

Applied Sciences, Vol 13, Iss 4279, p

Latest Advances and Prospects

2023 Volume 4279

Abstract: To solve problems about sewage sludge production, management and minimization, research plays an essential role [.] ...

Abstract	To solve problems about sewage sludge production, management and minimization, research plays an essential role [.]
Keywords	n/a ; Technology ; T ; Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ; TA1-2040 ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5 ; Physics ; QC1-999 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Thermophilic biological fluidized bed reactor in sludge line reduces greenhouse gas emissions in wastewater treatment system.

Collivignarelli, Maria Cristina / Baldi, Marco / Carnevale Miino, Marco

The Science of the total environment

2022 Volume 848, Page(s) 157794

Abstract: Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions represent one of the main drawbacks of wastewater (WW) treatment. However, results of a detailed estimation of the emissions can be a valid tool to define optimal solutions for minimizing impact of WW treatment system on ... ...

Abstract	Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions represent one of the main drawbacks of wastewater (WW) treatment. However, results of a detailed estimation of the emissions can be a valid tool to define optimal solutions for minimizing impact of WW treatment system on the environment. Thermophilic biological fluidized bed reactor (TBFBR) has been recently proposed as an alternative solution for biological sludge minimization in wastewater treatment plant (WWTPs). In this work, 5 diverse scenarios of sludge line composition were studied and combined with 5 diverse sludge disposal options. GHG emissions in 25 combinations were fully investigated to define optimal sludge treatment and disposal option. Results suggested that TBFBR help to reduce net emitted GHGs with respect to scenario with conventional stabilization treatment in sludge line (anaerobic digestion) (-32.3 ± 3.55 %) thanks to (i) the reuse in water line of the aqueous residue of TBFBR as alternative carbon source, (ii) the significant minimization of sludge production, and (iii) the contained impact of gross GHG emissions due to the energy consumption of this process. The strong minimization of sludge also led to a decisive reduction in GHG emissions in the subsequent phases of transport, additional treatments, and final disposal making the choice of the disposal option indifferent on the overall GHG emission estimation. Moreover, the coupling of processes for the simultaneous and preventive maximization of energy recovery (TCH, and AnaD) before sludge minimization in TBFBR determined a limited reduction of GHG emission compared to scenario with TBFBR alone (-3.71 ± 1.47 %).
MeSH term(s)	Carbon ; Greenhouse Effect ; Greenhouse Gases ; Sewage/chemistry ; Waste Disposal, Fluid/methods ; Waste Water/chemistry ; Water ; Water Purification
Chemical Substances	Greenhouse Gases ; Sewage ; Waste Water ; Water (059QF0KO0R) ; Carbon (7440-44-0)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-08-04
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	121506-1
ISSN	1879-1026 ; 0048-9697
ISSN (online)	1879-1026
ISSN	0048-9697
DOI	10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157794
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Article ; Online: Reduction of pathogens in greywater with biological and sustainable treatments selected through a multicriteria approach

Collivignarelli, Maria Cristina / Gomez, Franco Hernan / Caccamo, Francesca Maria / Sorlini, Sabrina

Environ Sci Pollut Res. 2023 Mar., v. 30, no. 13 p.38239-38254

2023

Abstract: Non-potable reuse of greywater (GW) can represent a valid alternative to freshwater consumption, satisfying the Sustainable Development Goals promoted by United Nations. The Multi-Criteria Analysis (MCA) was applied to select the most suitable processes ... ...

Abstract	Non-potable reuse of greywater (GW) can represent a valid alternative to freshwater consumption, satisfying the Sustainable Development Goals promoted by United Nations. The Multi-Criteria Analysis (MCA) was applied to select the most suitable processes for the reduction of microbiological contamination in GW. A pilot plant, including horizontal flow constructed wetland (CW) and anaerobic filtration (AF) in parallel, best treatment options according to MCA results, was built to treat GW collected from a Venezuelan family. (i) The removal efficiency of microbiological parameters, and (ii) the turbidity as possible microbiological contamination indicator and possible influence factor of disinfection treatment, were investigated. Except for Escherichia coli (4.1 ± 0.9 log reduction with AF), CW achieved the best reductions yields for total coliforms, faecal coliforms, and Salmonella, respectively equal to 3.1 ± 0.5 log, 4.3 ± 0.5 log, and 2.9 ± 0.4 log. In accordance with Venezuelan legislation and WHO guidelines, GW treated with CW was found to be suitable for irrigation reuse for non-edible crops. However, the reduction of pathogens by CW should be considered as a preliminary and not complete disinfection treatment. To reuse GW, especially in the irrigation of edible crops, stronger disinfection treatment should be considered as a complement to the preliminary disinfection performed by CW, to avoid any kind of risk. No significant correlation was found for turbidity either as a possible predictor of microbiological contamination or as an influence on biological disinfection.
Keywords	Escherichia coli ; Salmonella ; disinfection ; filtration ; freshwater ; greywater ; irrigation ; laws and regulations ; risk ; sustainable development ; turbidity ; wetlands
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-03
Size	p. 38239-38254.
Publishing place	Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	1178791-0
ISSN	1614-7499 ; 0944-1344
ISSN (online)	1614-7499
ISSN	0944-1344
DOI	10.1007/s11356-022-24827-3
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Assessment of the Impact of a New Industrial Discharge on an Urban Wastewater Treatment Plant: Proposal for an Experimental Protocol

Collivignarelli, Maria Cristina / Caccamo, Francesca Maria / Bellazzi, Stefano / Abbà, Alessandro / Bertanza, Giorgio

Environments. 2023 June 22, v. 10, no. 7

2023

Abstract: Assessing the compatibility of industrial discharges with the biological process of a municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) may represent a critical task. Indeed, either focusing only on chemical characterization or ecotoxicity tests designed to ... ...

Abstract	Assessing the compatibility of industrial discharges with the biological process of a municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) may represent a critical task. Indeed, either focusing only on chemical characterization or ecotoxicity tests designed to assess the impact on surface waters may lead to questionable or misleading conclusions. The feasibility of an industrial connection to the sewer should better take into account the features of the downstream WWTP, in particular by studying the potential effects on the biomass of that specific plant. With this aim, a multi-step experimental protocol applicable by water utilities has been proposed: (step 1) calculation of the flow rate/load ratio between industrial discharge (ID) and urban wastewater (WW); (step 2) analysis of the modified operating conditions of the biological stage; (step 3) experimental assessment of the impact of the ID on the WWTP biomass by means of respirometric tests. An application of this protocol is presented in this work as a case study, namely a new ID (average flowrate 200 m³ d⁻¹) coming from an aqueous waste treatment plant (AWTP) to be connected to the public sewer. The integrated evaluation of results showed that no negative impacts could be expected on the downstream urban activated sludge WWTP (treating a flow rate of around 45,000 m³ d⁻¹).
Keywords	activated sludge ; biomass ; case studies ; ecotoxicology ; municipal wastewater ; wastewater treatment
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-0622
Publishing place	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	2777960-9
ISSN	2076-3298
ISSN	2076-3298
DOI	10.3390/environments10070108
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Thermophilic biological fluidized bed reactor in sludge line reduces greenhouse gas emissions in wastewater treatment system

Collivignarelli, Maria Cristina / Baldi, Marco / Carnevale Miino, Marco

Science of the Total Environment. 2022 Nov., v. 848 p.157794-

2022

Abstract	Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions represent one of the main drawbacks of wastewater (WW) treatment. However, results of a detailed estimation of the emissions can be a valid tool to define optimal solutions for minimizing impact of WW treatment system on the environment. Thermophilic biological fluidized bed reactor (TBFBR) has been recently proposed as an alternative solution for biological sludge minimization in wastewater treatment plant (WWTPs). In this work, 5 diverse scenarios of sludge line composition were studied and combined with 5 diverse sludge disposal options. GHG emissions in 25 combinations were fully investigated to define optimal sludge treatment and disposal option. Results suggested that TBFBR help to reduce net emitted GHGs with respect to scenario with conventional stabilization treatment in sludge line (anaerobic digestion) (−32.3 ± 3.55 %) thanks to (i) the reuse in water line of the aqueous residue of TBFBR as alternative carbon source, (ii) the significant minimization of sludge production, and (iii) the contained impact of gross GHG emissions due to the energy consumption of this process. The strong minimization of sludge also led to a decisive reduction in GHG emissions in the subsequent phases of transport, additional treatments, and final disposal making the choice of the disposal option indifferent on the overall GHG emission estimation. Moreover, the coupling of processes for the simultaneous and preventive maximization of energy recovery (TCH, and AnaD) before sludge minimization in TBFBR determined a limited reduction of GHG emission compared to scenario with TBFBR alone (−3.71 ± 1.47 %).
Keywords	anaerobic digestion ; carbon ; energy ; energy recovery ; environment ; fluidized beds ; greenhouse gas emissions ; greenhouse gases ; sludge ; wastewater ; wastewater treatment ; GHG ; Carbon footprint ; Sludge reuse ; Air emissions ; WWTP
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-11
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	121506-1
ISSN	1879-1026 ; 0048-9697
ISSN (online)	1879-1026
ISSN	0048-9697
DOI	10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157794
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Reduction of pathogens in greywater with biological and sustainable treatments selected through a multicriteria approach.

Collivignarelli, Maria Cristina / Gomez, Franco Hernan / Caccamo, Francesca Maria / Sorlini, Sabrina

Environmental science and pollution research international

2022 Volume 30, Issue 13, Page(s) 38239–38254

Abstract	Non-potable reuse of greywater (GW) can represent a valid alternative to freshwater consumption, satisfying the Sustainable Development Goals promoted by United Nations. The Multi-Criteria Analysis (MCA) was applied to select the most suitable processes for the reduction of microbiological contamination in GW. A pilot plant, including horizontal flow constructed wetland (CW) and anaerobic filtration (AF) in parallel, best treatment options according to MCA results, was built to treat GW collected from a Venezuelan family. (i) The removal efficiency of microbiological parameters, and (ii) the turbidity as possible microbiological contamination indicator and possible influence factor of disinfection treatment, were investigated. Except for Escherichia coli (4.1 ± 0.9 log reduction with AF), CW achieved the best reductions yields for total coliforms, faecal coliforms, and Salmonella, respectively equal to 3.1 ± 0.5 log, 4.3 ± 0.5 log, and 2.9 ± 0.4 log. In accordance with Venezuelan legislation and WHO guidelines, GW treated with CW was found to be suitable for irrigation reuse for non-edible crops. However, the reduction of pathogens by CW should be considered as a preliminary and not complete disinfection treatment. To reuse GW, especially in the irrigation of edible crops, stronger disinfection treatment should be considered as a complement to the preliminary disinfection performed by CW, to avoid any kind of risk. No significant correlation was found for turbidity either as a possible predictor of microbiological contamination or as an influence on biological disinfection.
MeSH term(s)	Wastewater ; Waste Disposal, Fluid/methods ; Escherichia coli ; Plants ; Disinfection/methods ; Wetlands ; Water Purification/methods
Chemical Substances	Wastewater
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-12-29
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1178791-0
ISSN	1614-7499 ; 0944-1344
ISSN (online)	1614-7499
ISSN	0944-1344
DOI	10.1007/s11356-022-24827-3
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Impact of Polarization Reversal during Photoelectrocatalytic Treatment of WWTP Effluents

Collivignarelli, Maria Cristina / Carnevale Miino, Marco / Caccamo, Francesca Maria / Abbà, Alessandro / Bestetti, Massimiliano / Franz, Silvia

Environments. 2023 Feb. 25, v. 10, no. 3

2023

Abstract: Photoelectrocatalysis (PEC) has been already proposed as a polishing treatment for wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) effluents. In this work, the impact of polarization reversal during PEC process has been studied and evaluated on the basis of the ... ...

Abstract	Photoelectrocatalysis (PEC) has been already proposed as a polishing treatment for wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) effluents. In this work, the impact of polarization reversal during PEC process has been studied and evaluated on the basis of the removal of organic substance and color, biodegradability of the matrix, and inactivation of the catalyst. Effluents were sampled from a full-scale WWTP and alternatively treated by electrochemical oxidation (EC), photolysis (PL), photocatalysis (PC), photoelectrocatalysis, and photoelectrocatalysis with reverse polarization (PECr). The efficiency and the kinetics of the process, in terms of removal of organic substance and color, were not affected by reverse polarization and very similar results were obtained by PEC and PECr. The biodegradability of the effluents strongly increased both by PECr (RSBR: 0.84 ± 0.07), and by PEC and PL (0.89 ± 0.11, and 0.78 ± 0.02, respectively). In the selected polarization reversal mode (100 s at −0.1 V every 500 s at 4 V, cell voltage), a similar photocurrent loss after PEC and PECr was observed, suggesting no effect on the activity of the TiO₂ mesh. This study can serve as a base for future research on polarization reversal to optimize operation parameters and exploit the procedure to preventing fouling and inactivation of the catalyst.
Keywords	biodegradability ; catalysts ; color ; electric current ; electric potential difference ; electrochemistry ; organic compounds ; oxidation ; photocatalysis ; photolysis
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-0225
Publishing place	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	2777960-9
ISSN	2076-3298
ISSN	2076-3298
DOI	10.3390/environments10030038
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Discussion about the Latest Findings on the Possible Relation between Air Particulate Matter and COVID-19

Maria Cristina Collivignarelli / Stefano Bellazzi / Francesca Maria Caccamo / Marco Carnevale Miino

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol 20, Iss 5132, p

2023 Volume 5132

Abstract	Since SARS-CoV-2 was identified, the scientific community has tried to understand the variables that can influence its spread. Several studies have already highlighted a possible link between particulate matter (PM) and COVID-19. This work is a brief discussion about the latest findings on this topic, highlighting the gaps in the current results and possible tips for future studies. Based on the literature outcomes, PM is suspected to play a double role in COVID-19: a chronic and an acute one. The chronic role is related to the possible influence of long-term and short-term exposure to high concentrations of PM in developing severe forms of COVID-19, including death. The acute role is linked to the possible carrier function of PM in SARS-CoV-2. The scientific community seems sure that the inflammatory effect on the respiratory system of short-term exposure to a high concentration of PM, and other additional negative effects on human health in cases of longer exposure, increases the risk of developing a more severe form of COVID-19 in cases of contagion. On the contrary, the results regarding PM acting as a carrier of SARS-CoV-2 are more conflicting, especially regarding the possible inactivation of the virus in the environment, and no final explanation on the possible acute role of PM in the spread of COVID-19 can be inferred.
Keywords	PM 10 ; PM 2.5 ; SARS-CoV-2 ; virus vector ; coronavirus ; air pollution ; Medicine ; R
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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