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  1. Article: A Multi-Analytical Approach to Investigate the Polychrome Clay Sculpture in Qinglian Temple of Jincheng, China.

    Shen, Jingyi / Li, Li / Zhang, Dandan / Dong, Shaohua / Xiang, Jiankai / Xu, Nuo

    Materials (Basel, Switzerland)

    2022  Volume 15, Issue 16

    Abstract: ... of the Qinglian Temple in Jincheng City, Shanxi Province, China. Digital microscopy, SEM-EDS, XRD, Herzberg stain ...

    Abstract This article presents an integrated analytical method to investigate the polychrome clay sculptures of the Qinglian Temple in Jincheng City, Shanxi Province, China. Digital microscopy, SEM-EDS, XRD, Herzberg stain, Micro-Raman spectroscopy and FT-IR were selected to identify the raw materials and techniques used to produce the ground clay layer, the white powder layer and the mineral pigment of the polychrome clay sculptures. The investigation shows that the clay used to make the coarse and fine clay layer is consistent. However, different kinds of fibres were found mixed in the coarse and fine clay layers: wheat straw was the main fibre used in coarse clay layer, while the bast fibres, including ramie, kenaf and sisal hemp, were used as the fibre supports in the fine clay layers due to their useful properties. The white powder layer was made of a mixture of kaolinite and gypsum. For the mineral pigments, it principally contained red (hematite, minium or a mixture of minium and cinnabar), green (atacamite and atacamite), blue (azurite), yellow (yellow ochre), black (amorphous carbon) and white (the mixture of kaolinite and gypsum). Additionally, a gilding technique and multiple paint layers also typified many pigment areas. This work has furthered understanding of the materials and techniques used in making the sculptures of the Qinglian Temple and has clear implications for the restoration and conservation treatments on these kinds of ancient painted clay sculptures.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-08-09
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2487261-1
    ISSN 1996-1944
    ISSN 1996-1944
    DOI 10.3390/ma15165470
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article: Simulation of land-use pattern evolution in hilly mountainous areas of North China: A case study in Jincheng

    Xu, Hongtao / Song, Youcheng / Tian, Yi

    Land use policy. 2022 Jan., v. 112

    2022  

    Abstract: ... simulation) in Jincheng, Shanxi Province. The results show that (1) at the test stage, the FLUS model ...

    Abstract Land-use pattern evolution is vital and essential for regional development. In northern China, hilly mountainous areas are widespread and have frequent mining activities. Analyze of the land-use evolutionary rule is a major barrier for making urban planning and identification suitable for various land-use types in these regions. This study has attempted from the perspective of Earth system science, using the FLUS model to simulate land-use pattern evolution in the stages of 2010‐2017 (test) and 2017–2025 (simulation) in Jincheng, Shanxi Province. The results show that (1) at the test stage, the FLUS model can better simulate the change in land-use types. The AUC value of all land-use types was greater than 0.8. Comparing the simulation results with the real land-use pattern in 2017, the global kappa value is 0.75, and the fom value is 0.43, which can be used for the forecast demand. (2) At the simulation stage, comprehensively considering natural, social, and economic factors, the land-use patterns are found to be spatially competitive in different scenarios. The planning scenario (PS) focused on the reasonable distribution of various industries, the ecological protection scenario (EPS) emphasized the importance of ecological land, and the sustainable development scenario (SDS) satisfied the needs of the socioeconomic system for various land-use types. (3) In general, analysis of land-use types change under the 3 different scenarios in the 15 years: the mountainous areas in the east and west were changed from grassland to forest, and the hilly and plain areas in the central part changed from farmland to forest.
    Keywords Earth system science ; agricultural land ; case studies ; forests ; grasslands ; land policy ; land use ; mountains ; simulation models ; sustainable development ; China
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2022-01
    Publishing place Elsevier Ltd
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 852476-2
    ISSN 0264-8377
    ISSN 0264-8377
    DOI 10.1016/j.landusepol.2021.105826
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  3. Article ; Online: A Multi-Analytical Approach to Investigate the Polychrome Clay Sculpture in Qinglian Temple of Jincheng, China

    Jingyi Shen / Li Li / Dandan Zhang / Shaohua Dong / Jiankai Xiang / Nuo Xu

    Materials, Vol 15, Iss 16, p

    2022  Volume 5470

    Abstract: ... of the Qinglian Temple in Jincheng City, Shanxi Province, China. Digital microscopy, SEM-EDS, XRD, Herzberg stain ...

    Abstract This article presents an integrated analytical method to investigate the polychrome clay sculptures of the Qinglian Temple in Jincheng City, Shanxi Province, China. Digital microscopy, SEM-EDS, XRD, Herzberg stain, Micro-Raman spectroscopy and FT-IR were selected to identify the raw materials and techniques used to produce the ground clay layer, the white powder layer and the mineral pigment of the polychrome clay sculptures. The investigation shows that the clay used to make the coarse and fine clay layer is consistent. However, different kinds of fibres were found mixed in the coarse and fine clay layers: wheat straw was the main fibre used in coarse clay layer, while the bast fibres, including ramie, kenaf and sisal hemp, were used as the fibre supports in the fine clay layers due to their useful properties. The white powder layer was made of a mixture of kaolinite and gypsum. For the mineral pigments, it principally contained red (hematite, minium or a mixture of minium and cinnabar), green (atacamite and atacamite), blue (azurite), yellow (yellow ochre), black (amorphous carbon) and white (the mixture of kaolinite and gypsum). Additionally, a gilding technique and multiple paint layers also typified many pigment areas. This work has furthered understanding of the materials and techniques used in making the sculptures of the Qinglian Temple and has clear implications for the restoration and conservation treatments on these kinds of ancient painted clay sculptures.
    Keywords polychrome clay sculpture ; Qinglian Temple ; materials science and techniques ; Micro-Raman ; SEM-EDS ; XRD ; Technology ; T ; Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering ; TK1-9971 ; Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ; TA1-2040 ; Microscopy ; QH201-278.5 ; Descriptive and experimental mechanics ; QC120-168.85
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-08-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  4. Article ; Online: Environmental status and early warning value of the pollutant Semicarbazide in Jincheng and Sishili Bays, Shandong Peninsula, China.

    Tian, Xiuhui / Xu, Yingjiang / Gong, Xianghong / Han, Dianfeng / Wang, Zhongquan / Zhou, Quanli / Sun, Chunxiao / Ren, Chuanbo / Xue, Jinglin / Xia, Chuanhai

    The Science of the total environment

    2017  Volume 576, Page(s) 868–878

    Abstract: ... of 30 stations were radially distributed in Jincheng and Sishili Bays in the Bohai and Yellow Seas, and ...

    Abstract A verified method for measuring Semicarbazide (SEM) in seawater, sediments, and shellfish was developed based on ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). A total of 30 stations were radially distributed in Jincheng and Sishili Bays in the Bohai and Yellow Seas, and 1025 monitoring data were collected in 41 voyages, 615 seawater samples, 320 sediment samples and 90 shellfish samples. The concentration ranged from 0.011μg/L to 0.093μg/L and 0 to 0.75μg/kg in seawater and shellfish respectively, but SEM in sediment was all below the limit of detection. Temporal and spatial distribution of SEM was investigated using multivariate analysis to estimate the degree of SEM pollution. Based on the SEM concentration in the three sample types, together with our previous findings, early warning values were deduced for SEM in seawater, and the developed method overcame shortcomings with existing technologies. The results may be helpful to draft national baseline values for SEM in seawater and sediments, and provide a scientific basis for assessing the impacts of SEM on marine ecology and human health.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-01-15
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 121506-1
    ISSN 1879-1026 ; 0048-9697
    ISSN (online) 1879-1026
    ISSN 0048-9697
    DOI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.10.085
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article: Influence of the Direct Coal Liquefaction Residue on the Fusion Characteristics of Jincheng Coal with a High Ash Fusion Temperature

    Xie, Liangcai / Xu, Long / Ma, Xiaoxun

    Energy & fuels. 2019 Dec. 02, v. 34, no. 2

    2019  

    Abstract: ... use of the direct coal liquefaction residue (DCLR), Jincheng coal (JC) with a high AFT and Shenhua ...

    Abstract Nowadays, entrained flow bed gasification technology is the foundation of the modern coal chemical industry, while its liquid slag discharge process generally requires the flow temperature (FT) of coal ash to be less than 1400 °C. To reduce the ash fusion temperature (AFT) of high AFT coal and to make full use of the direct coal liquefaction residue (DCLR), Jincheng coal (JC) with a high AFT and Shenhua DCLR with a low AFT are used to prepare blended samples. The influence of the DCLR on the AFT of JC is explored using an intelligent ash fusion point tester, ternary phase diagrams, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results show that the addition of DCLR can reduce the AFT of JC effectively; when the amount of DCLR added is higher than 25%, the FT of the mixed coal ash is lower than 1400 °C, which meets the requirement of a liquid slag discharge process. The back propagation (BP) neural network prediction model based on the FT data of partial coal blending ratio experiments has a better prediction accuracy than empirical formulas. The results of DSC show that the heat capacity of blended coal ash varies significantly ranging from 1000 to 1300 °C; at the same time, the results of XRD and SEM also show that a series of chemical reactions among ash compositions of blended coal happen between 1000 and 1200 °C. The chemical reactions mainly include the decomposition of CaSO4 into CaO and the reduction of Fe2O3 into FeO. Meanwhile, CaO and FeO react with SiO2 and Al2O3 to produce a series of new calcium/iron-containing aluminosilicates (anorthite (CaAl2Si2O8), fayalite (Fe2SiO4), hercynite (FeAl2O4), etc.), and CaO and FeO in coal ash have a significant inhibitory effect on the generation of mullite (Al6Si2O13). FeO in coal ash can easily form glassy state substances and cause the sintering of coal ash. The reason for the higher AFT of JC is that its ash contains a large amount of Al6Si2O13 at high temperatures, and the reason for the lower AFT of the DCLR is that its ash has a large amount of calcium/iron-containing aluminosilicates, especially rich in a large amount of gehlenite (Ca2Al2SiO7). In addition, the calcium/iron-containing aluminosilicates in coal ash have a certain positive synergistic effect on the reduction of FT.
    Keywords X-ray diffraction ; aluminum oxide ; aluminum silicates ; ash (inorganic matter) ; calcium ; calcium oxide ; calcium sulfate ; chemical industry ; chemical reactions ; coal ; differential scanning calorimetry ; ferric oxide ; ferrous oxide ; gasification ; heat ; liquefaction ; liquids ; mixing ; models ; prediction ; scanning electron microscopy ; silica ; slags ; synergism ; temperature
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2019-1202
    Size p. 1355-1364.
    Publishing place American Chemical Society
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 1483539-3
    ISSN 1520-5029 ; 0887-0624
    ISSN (online) 1520-5029
    ISSN 0887-0624
    DOI 10.1021/acs.energyfuels.9b03216
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  6. Article ; Online: Risk assessment of butyltins based on a fugacity-based food web bioaccumulation model in the Jincheng Bay mariculture area: I. Model development.

    Hu, Yanbing / Gong, Xianghong / Xu, Yingjiang / Song, Xiukai / Liu, Huihui / Deng, Xuxiu / Ru, Shaoguo

    Environmental science. Processes & impacts

    2014  Volume 16, Issue 8, Page(s) 1994–2001

    Abstract: ... of the Jincheng Bay mariculture area. The predicted biological tissue residues of tributyltin (TBT), dibutyltin ...

    Abstract A fugacity-based model was developed to simulate the bioaccumulation of butyltins in the food web of the Jincheng Bay mariculture area. The predicted biological tissue residues of tributyltin (TBT), dibutyltin (DBT), and monobutyltin (MBT) were 0.04-17.09, 0.14-53.54, and 0.27-108.77 ng-Sn g(-1), respectively, and the predicted values in six mollusca agreed well with the measured ones. The lipid-normalized concentrations did not significantly increase across trophic levels, indicating no biomagnification across aquatic food webs. These results were highly consistent with those observed both in the laboratory and field, which had been reported in numerous references. The explanation, from calculating their flux equilibrium in the food web, was that butyltins were primarily taken in via respiration from the water column by marine organisms. The sensitivities of the model parameters were analyzed, revealing that the hydrophobicity of butyltins played the dominant role in their bioaccumulation phenomena. The verified model predictions of the biotic tissue concentrations of the butyltins could be readily applied to perform internal ecological risk and human health risk assessments in this area.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Bays/analysis ; Environmental Monitoring ; Food Chain ; Geologic Sediments/analysis ; Humans ; Models, Biological ; Organotin Compounds/analysis ; Organotin Compounds/metabolism ; Organotin Compounds/toxicity ; Risk Assessment ; Seafood/analysis ; Seafood/toxicity ; Trialkyltin Compounds/analysis ; Trialkyltin Compounds/metabolism ; Trialkyltin Compounds/toxicity ; Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis ; Water Pollutants, Chemical/metabolism ; Water Pollutants, Chemical/toxicity
    Chemical Substances Organotin Compounds ; Trialkyltin Compounds ; Water Pollutants, Chemical ; mono-n-butyltin ; di-n-butyltin (1002-53-5) ; tributyltin (4XDX163P3D)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2014-08
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2703814-2
    ISSN 2050-7895 ; 2050-7887
    ISSN (online) 2050-7895
    ISSN 2050-7887
    DOI 10.1039/c4em00219a
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article: Environmental status and early warning value of the pollutant Semicarbazide in Jincheng and Sishili Bays, Shandong Peninsula, China

    Tian, Xiuhui / Chuanbo Ren / Chuanhai Xia / Chunxiao Sun / Dianfeng Han / Jinglin Xue / Quanli Zhou / Xianghong Gong / Yingjiang Xu / Zhongquan Wang

    Science of the total environment. 2017 Jan. 15, v. 576

    2017  

    Abstract: ... of 30 stations were radially distributed in Jincheng and Sishili Bays in the Bohai and Yellow Seas, and ...

    Abstract A verified method for measuring Semicarbazide (SEM) in seawater, sediments, and shellfish was developed based on ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). A total of 30 stations were radially distributed in Jincheng and Sishili Bays in the Bohai and Yellow Seas, and 1025 monitoring data were collected in 41 voyages, 615 seawater samples, 320 sediment samples and 90 shellfish samples. The concentration ranged from 0.011μg/L to 0.093μg/L and 0 to 0.75μg/kg in seawater and shellfish respectively, but SEM in sediment was all below the limit of detection. Temporal and spatial distribution of SEM was investigated using multivariate analysis to estimate the degree of SEM pollution. Based on the SEM concentration in the three sample types, together with our previous findings, early warning values were deduced for SEM in seawater, and the developed method overcame shortcomings with existing technologies. The results may be helpful to draft national baseline values for SEM in seawater and sediments, and provide a scientific basis for assessing the impacts of SEM on marine ecology and human health.
    Keywords data collection ; detection limit ; human ecology ; human health ; liquid chromatography ; marine science ; monitoring ; multivariate analysis ; normal values ; pollutants ; scanning electron microscopy ; seawater ; sediments ; shellfish ; tandem mass spectrometry ; China
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2017-0115
    Size p. 868-878.
    Publishing place Elsevier B.V.
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 121506-1
    ISSN 1879-1026 ; 0048-9697
    ISSN (online) 1879-1026
    ISSN 0048-9697
    DOI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.10.085
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  8. Article ; Online: Risk assessment of butyltins based on a fugacity-based food web bioaccumulation model in the Jincheng Bay mariculture area: II. Risk assessment.

    Hu, Yanbing / Song, Xiukai / Gong, Xianghong / Xu, Yingjiang / Liu, Huihui / Deng, Xuxiu / Ru, Shaoguo

    Environmental science. Processes & impacts

    2014  Volume 16, Issue 8, Page(s) 2002–2006

    Abstract: ... of butyltins in the food web of the Jincheng Bay mariculture area were estimated accordingly, using the water ...

    Abstract A fugacity-based food web bioaccumulation model was constructed, and the biotic concentrations of butyltins in the food web of the Jincheng Bay mariculture area were estimated accordingly, using the water and sediment concentrations described in the accompanying paper (Part I). This paper presents an ecological risk assessment (ERA) and a human health risk assessment (HHRA) of the butyltins, based on the estimated tissue residues in the marine life in this area. The results showed that the ecological risk probability was greater than 0.05. At this level, management control is critical since sensitive marine species would be profoundly endangered by butyltin contamination. Few if any detrimental effects, however, would be generated for humans from exposure to butyltins through seafood consumption. The fugacity-based model can refine the ERA and HHRA of pollutants in marine areas, provide a basis for protecting marine ecology and the security of fishery products, and thus help determine the feasibility of a proposed aquaculture project.
    MeSH term(s) Bays/analysis ; Fish Products/analysis ; Fish Products/toxicity ; Food Chain ; Geologic Sediments/analysis ; Humans ; Models, Biological ; Organotin Compounds/analysis ; Organotin Compounds/metabolism ; Organotin Compounds/toxicity ; Risk Assessment ; Trialkyltin Compounds/analysis ; Trialkyltin Compounds/metabolism ; Trialkyltin Compounds/toxicity ; Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis ; Water Pollutants, Chemical/metabolism ; Water Pollutants, Chemical/toxicity
    Chemical Substances Organotin Compounds ; Trialkyltin Compounds ; Water Pollutants, Chemical ; mono-n-butyltin ; di-n-butyltin (1002-53-5) ; tributyltin (4XDX163P3D)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2014-08
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2703814-2
    ISSN 2050-7895 ; 2050-7887
    ISSN (online) 2050-7895
    ISSN 2050-7887
    DOI 10.1039/c4em00240g
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article: Risk assessment of butyltins based on a fugacity- based food web bioaccumulation model in the Jincheng Bay mariculture area: I. model development

    Hu, Yanbing / Gong, Xianghong / Xu, Yingjiang / Song, Xiukai / Liu, Huihui / Deng, Xuxiu / Ru, Shaoguo

    Environmental science

    2014  Volume 16, Issue 8, Page(s) 1994

    Language English
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 2703814-2
    ISSN 2050-7887
    Database Current Contents Nutrition, Environment, Agriculture

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  10. Article: Risk assessment of butyltins based on a fugacity-based food web bioaccumulation model in the Jincheng Bay mariculture area: I. model development

    Hu, Yanbing / Deng, Xuxiu / Gong, Xianghong / Liu, Huihui / Ru, Shaoguo / Song, Xiukai / Xu, Yingjiang

    Environmental science. 2014 July 23, v. 16, no. 8

    2014  

    Abstract: ... of the Jincheng Bay mariculture area. The predicted biological tissue residues of tributyltin (TBT), dibutyltin ...

    Abstract A fugacity-based model was developed to simulate the bioaccumulation of butyltins in the food web of the Jincheng Bay mariculture area. The predicted biological tissue residues of tributyltin (TBT), dibutyltin (DBT), and monobutyltin (MBT) were 0.04–17.09, 0.14–53.54, and 0.27–108.77 ng-Sn g−1, respectively, and the predicted values in six mollusca agreed well with the measured ones. The lipid-normalized concentrations did not significantly increase across trophic levels, indicating no biomagnification across aquatic food webs. These results were highly consistent with those observed both in the laboratory and field, which had been reported in numerous references. The explanation, from calculating their flux equilibrium in the food web, was that butyltins were primarily taken in via respiration from the water column by marine organisms. The sensitivities of the model parameters were analyzed, revealing that the hydrophobicity of butyltins played the dominant role in their bioaccumulation phenomena. The verified model predictions of the biotic tissue concentrations of the butyltins could be readily applied to perform internal ecological risk and human health risk assessments in this area.
    Keywords aquatic ecosystems ; aquatic food webs ; aquatic organisms ; bioaccumulation ; dibutyltin ; health effects assessments ; human health ; hydrophobicity ; mariculture ; models ; Mollusca ; monobutyltin ; prediction ; risk ; risk assessment ; tributyltin ; trophic levels
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2014-0723
    Size p. 1994-2001.
    Publishing place The Royal Society of Chemistry
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 2703814-2
    ISSN 2050-7895 ; 2050-7887
    ISSN (online) 2050-7895
    ISSN 2050-7887
    DOI 10.1039/c4em00219a
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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