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  1. Article: MALDI-TOF MS: A Reliable Tool in the Real Life of the Clinical Microbiology Laboratory.

    Calderaro, Adriana / Chezzi, Carlo

    Microorganisms

    2024  Volume 12, Issue 2

    Abstract: Matrix-Assisted Desorption/Ionization-Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) in the last decade has revealed itself as a valid support in the workflow in the clinical microbiology laboratory for the identification of bacteria and fungi, ... ...

    Abstract Matrix-Assisted Desorption/Ionization-Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) in the last decade has revealed itself as a valid support in the workflow in the clinical microbiology laboratory for the identification of bacteria and fungi, demonstrating high reliability and effectiveness in this application. Its use has reduced, by 24 h, the time to obtain a microbiological diagnosis compared to conventional biochemical automatic systems. MALDI-TOF MS application to the detection of pathogens directly in clinical samples was proposed but requires a deeper investigation, whereas its application to positive blood cultures for the identification of microorganisms and the detection of antimicrobial resistance are now the most useful applications. Thanks to its rapidity, accuracy, and low price in reagents and consumables, MALDI-TOF MS has also been applied to different fields of clinical microbiology, such as the detection of antibiotic susceptibility/resistance biomarkers, the identification of aminoacidic sequences and the chemical structure of protein terminal groups, and as an emerging method in microbial typing. Some of these applications are waiting for an extensive evaluation before confirming a transfer to the routine. MALDI-TOF MS has not yet been used for the routine identification of parasites; nevertheless, studies have been reported in the last few years on its use in the identification of intestinal protozoa,
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-03
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2720891-6
    ISSN 2076-2607
    ISSN 2076-2607
    DOI 10.3390/microorganisms12020322
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: The Laboratory Diagnosis of Malaria: A Focus on the Diagnostic Assays in Non-Endemic Areas.

    Calderaro, Adriana / Piccolo, Giovanna / Chezzi, Carlo

    International journal of molecular sciences

    2024  Volume 25, Issue 2

    Abstract: Even if malaria is rare in Europe, it is a medical emergency and programs for its control should ensure both an early diagnosis and a prompt treatment within 24-48 h from the onset of the symptoms. The increasing number of imported malaria cases as well ... ...

    Abstract Even if malaria is rare in Europe, it is a medical emergency and programs for its control should ensure both an early diagnosis and a prompt treatment within 24-48 h from the onset of the symptoms. The increasing number of imported malaria cases as well as the risk of the reintroduction of autochthonous cases encouraged laboratories in non-endemic countries to adopt diagnostic methods/algorithms. Microscopy remains the gold standard, but with limitations. Rapid diagnostic tests have greatly expanded the ability to diagnose malaria for rapid results due to simplicity and low cost, but they lack sensitivity and specificity. PCR-based assays provide more relevant information but need well-trained technicians. As reported in the World Health Organization Global Technical Strategy for Malaria 2016-2030, the development of point-of-care testing is important for the improvement of diagnosis with beneficial consequences for prompt/accurate treatment and for preventing the spread of the disease. Despite their limitations, diagnostic methods contribute to the decline of malaria mortality. Recently, evidence suggested that artificial intelligence could be utilized for assisting pathologists in malaria diagnosis.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Artificial Intelligence ; Laboratories ; Algorithms ; Malaria/diagnosis ; Malaria/epidemiology ; Clinical Laboratory Techniques
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-05
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2019364-6
    ISSN 1422-0067 ; 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
    ISSN (online) 1422-0067
    ISSN 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
    DOI 10.3390/ijms25020695
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article: Respiratory Tract Infections and Laboratory Diagnostic Methods: A Review with A Focus on Syndromic Panel-Based Assays

    Calderaro, Adriana / Buttrini, Mirko / Farina, Benedetta / Montecchini, Sara / De Conto, Flora / Chezzi, Carlo

    Microorganisms. 2022 Sept. 16, v. 10, no. 9

    2022  

    Abstract: Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) are the focus of developments in public health, given their widespread distribution and the high morbidity and mortality rates reported worldwide. The clinical spectrum ranges from asymptomatic or mild infection to ... ...

    Abstract Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) are the focus of developments in public health, given their widespread distribution and the high morbidity and mortality rates reported worldwide. The clinical spectrum ranges from asymptomatic or mild infection to severe or fatal disease. Rapidity is required in diagnostics to provide adequate and prompt management of patients. The current algorithm for the laboratory diagnosis of RTIs relies on multiple approaches including gold-standard conventional methods, among which the traditional culture is the most used, and innovative ones such as molecular methods, mostly used to detect viruses and atypical bacteria. The implementation of molecular methods with syndromic panels has the potential to be a powerful decision-making tool for patient management despite requiring appropriate use of the test in different patient populations. Their use radically reduces time-to-results and increases the detection of clinically relevant pathogens compared to conventional methods. Moreover, if implemented wisely and interpreted cautiously, syndromic panels can improve antimicrobial use and patient outcomes, and optimize laboratory workflow. In this review, a narrative overview of the main etiological, clinical, and epidemiological features of RTI is reported, focusing on the laboratory diagnosis and the potentialities of syndromic panels.
    Keywords algorithms ; decision support systems ; diagnostic techniques ; laboratory diagnosis ; morbidity ; mortality ; patients ; public health ; respiratory system
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2022-0916
    Publishing place Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 2720891-6
    ISSN 2076-2607
    ISSN 2076-2607
    DOI 10.3390/microorganisms10091856
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  4. Article: Respiratory Tract Infections and Laboratory Diagnostic Methods: A Review with A Focus on Syndromic Panel-Based Assays.

    Calderaro, Adriana / Buttrini, Mirko / Farina, Benedetta / Montecchini, Sara / De Conto, Flora / Chezzi, Carlo

    Microorganisms

    2022  Volume 10, Issue 9

    Abstract: Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) are the focus of developments in public health, given their widespread distribution and the high morbidity and mortality rates reported worldwide. The clinical spectrum ranges from asymptomatic or mild infection to ... ...

    Abstract Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) are the focus of developments in public health, given their widespread distribution and the high morbidity and mortality rates reported worldwide. The clinical spectrum ranges from asymptomatic or mild infection to severe or fatal disease. Rapidity is required in diagnostics to provide adequate and prompt management of patients. The current algorithm for the laboratory diagnosis of RTIs relies on multiple approaches including gold-standard conventional methods, among which the traditional culture is the most used, and innovative ones such as molecular methods, mostly used to detect viruses and atypical bacteria. The implementation of molecular methods with syndromic panels has the potential to be a powerful decision-making tool for patient management despite requiring appropriate use of the test in different patient populations. Their use radically reduces time-to-results and increases the detection of clinically relevant pathogens compared to conventional methods. Moreover, if implemented wisely and interpreted cautiously, syndromic panels can improve antimicrobial use and patient outcomes, and optimize laboratory workflow. In this review, a narrative overview of the main etiological, clinical, and epidemiological features of RTI is reported, focusing on the laboratory diagnosis and the potentialities of syndromic panels.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-09-16
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2720891-6
    ISSN 2076-2607
    ISSN 2076-2607
    DOI 10.3390/microorganisms10091856
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article: Prevalence of Intestinal Parasitoses in a Non-Endemic Setting during a 10-Year Period (2011-2020): A Focus on

    Calderaro, Adriana / Buttrini, Mirko / Montecchini, Sara / Rossi, Sabina / Farina, Benedetta / Arcangeletti, Maria Cristina / De Conto, Flora / Chezzi, Carlo

    Microorganisms

    2022  Volume 10, Issue 2

    Abstract: Dientamoeba ... ...

    Abstract Dientamoeba fragilis
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-02-12
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2720891-6
    ISSN 2076-2607
    ISSN 2076-2607
    DOI 10.3390/microorganisms10020426
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: A rare case of SARS-CoV-2 and influenza A virus super-infection.

    Arcangeletti, Maria-Cristina / De Conto, Flora / Montecchini, Sara / Buttrini, Mirko / Maccari, Clara / Chezzi, Carlo / Calderaro, Adriana

    Diagnostic microbiology and infectious disease

    2022  Volume 104, Issue 1, Page(s) 115743

    Abstract: We report the first Italian case of SARS-CoV-2 and influenza A virus super-infection. Laboratory diagnosis revealed the presence of both agents' RNA specific sequences by molecular methods and infectious influenza A virus by cell culture methods. ...

    Abstract We report the first Italian case of SARS-CoV-2 and influenza A virus super-infection. Laboratory diagnosis revealed the presence of both agents' RNA specific sequences by molecular methods and infectious influenza A virus by cell culture methods.
    MeSH term(s) COVID-19/diagnosis ; Clinical Laboratory Techniques ; Humans ; Influenza A virus/genetics ; Influenza, Human/diagnosis ; SARS-CoV-2
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-06-16
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Case Reports
    ZDB-ID 604920-5
    ISSN 1879-0070 ; 0732-8893
    ISSN (online) 1879-0070
    ISSN 0732-8893
    DOI 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2022.115743
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article: Prevalence of Intestinal Parasitoses in a Non-Endemic Setting during a 10-Year Period (2011–2020): A Focus on Dientamoeba fragilis

    Calderaro, Adriana / Buttrini, Mirko / Montecchini, Sara / Rossi, Sabina / Farina, Benedetta / Arcangeletti, Maria Cristina / De Conto, Flora / Chezzi, Carlo

    Microorganisms. 2022 Feb. 12, v. 10, no. 2

    2022  

    Abstract: Dientamoeba fragilis is a cosmopolitan and neglected protozoan. Although little is known concerning its pathogenicity and its true prevalence worldwide, its role as enteric pathogen is emerging, as the occurrence of dientamoebiasis has increased also in ... ...

    Abstract Dientamoeba fragilis is a cosmopolitan and neglected protozoan. Although little is known concerning its pathogenicity and its true prevalence worldwide, its role as enteric pathogen is emerging, as the occurrence of dientamoebiasis has increased also in industrialised countries. This study investigated the occurrence and prevalence of intestinal parasites, focusing on D. fragilis in a 10-year period (2011–2020) in a single tertiary-care hospital located in Northern Italy. A statistical evaluation of the correlation between dientamoebiasis and specific signs other than gastrointestinal-related ones was performed. The laboratory diagnosis was performed on 16,275 cases of suspected intestinal parasitoses. Intestinal parasites were detected in 3254 cases, 606 of which were associated to D. fragilis, which represented 18.6% (606/3254) of all the intestinal parasitoses with a 3.7% (606/16,275) prevalence and an increasing trend during the last five years (2011–2015: 2.8% vs. 2016–2020: 4.8%). D. fragilis was commonly detected in foreigners, especially those from developing countries, as well as in children; prevalence was equal in males and females. With regard to the clinical aspect, the only putative sign statistically related to dientamoebiasis was anal pruritus. Despite the controversial epidemiological knowledges on dientamoebiasis, the prevalence of D. fragilis found in this study highlights the need to consider this parasite in any differential diagnosis of gastrointestinal disease.
    Keywords Dientamoeba fragilis ; enteropathogens ; gastrointestinal diseases ; hospitals ; industrialization ; intestines ; laboratory diagnosis ; parasites ; pathogenicity ; pruritus ; Italy
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2022-0212
    Publishing place Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 2720891-6
    ISSN 2076-2607
    ISSN 2076-2607
    DOI 10.3390/microorganisms10020426
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  8. Article: Characterization of Clostridioides difficile Strains from an Outbreak Using MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry

    Calderaro, Adriana / Buttrini, Mirko / Farina, Benedetta / Montecchini, Sara / Martinelli, Monica / Arcangeletti, Maria Cristina / Chezzi, Carlo / De Conto, Flora

    Microorganisms. 2022 July 21, v. 10, no. 7

    2022  

    Abstract: The epidemiology of Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) has changed over the last two decades, due to the emergence of C. difficile strains with clinical relevance and responsible for nosocomial outbreaks with severe outcomes. This study reports an ... ...

    Abstract The epidemiology of Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) has changed over the last two decades, due to the emergence of C. difficile strains with clinical relevance and responsible for nosocomial outbreaks with severe outcomes. This study reports an outbreak occurred in a Long-term Care Unit from February to March 2022 and tracked by using a Matrix-Assisted Desorption/Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) typing approach (T-MALDI); subsequently, a characterization of the toxigenic and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of the C. difficile isolates was performed. A total of 143 faecal samples belonging to 112 patients was evaluated and C. difficile DNA was detected in 51 samples (46 patients). Twenty-nine C. difficile isolates were obtained, and three different clusters were revealed by T-MALDI. The most representative cluster accounted 22 strains and was considered to be epidemic, in agreement with PCR-Ribotyping. Such epidemic strains were susceptible to vancomycin (MIC ≤ 0.5 mg/mL) and metronidazole (MIC ≤ 1 mg/mL), but not to moxifloxacin (MIC > 32 mg/mL). Moreover, they produced only the Toxin A and, additionally, the binary toxin. To our knowledge, this is the first reported outbreak referable to a tcdA+/tcdB-/cdt+ genotypic profile. In light of these results, T-MALDI is a valid and rapid approach for discovering and tracking outbreaks.
    Keywords Clostridium difficile ; DNA ; antibiotic resistance ; cross infection ; desorption ; epidemiology ; long term care ; matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization mass spectrometry ; metronidazole ; moxifloxacin ; toxins ; vancomycin
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2022-0721
    Publishing place Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 2720891-6
    ISSN 2076-2607
    ISSN 2076-2607
    DOI 10.3390/microorganisms10071477
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  9. Article: Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria in Children and Adolescents with Cystic Fibrosis.

    Fainardi, Valentina / Neglia, Cosimo / Muscarà, Maria / Spaggiari, Cinzia / Tornesello, Marco / Grandinetti, Roberto / Argentiero, Alberto / Calderaro, Adriana / Esposito, Susanna / Pisi, Giovanna

    Children (Basel, Switzerland)

    2022  Volume 9, Issue 9

    Abstract: In patients with cystic fibrosis (CF), multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria can predispose to exacerbations, limit the effectiveness of antibiotic treatments and promote the progression of lung disease. The aim of this retrospective study was to compare ... ...

    Abstract In patients with cystic fibrosis (CF), multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria can predispose to exacerbations, limit the effectiveness of antibiotic treatments and promote the progression of lung disease. The aim of this retrospective study was to compare pulmonary exacerbations (Pex), hospitalizations, lung function and nutritional status in a group of children and adolescents with CF colonized by MDR bacteria and in a noncolonized control group. Overall, 7/54 pediatric patients (12.9%) were colonized by MDR bacteria and enrolled (3 with
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-09-01
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2732685-8
    ISSN 2227-9067
    ISSN 2227-9067
    DOI 10.3390/children9091330
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article: Characterization of

    Calderaro, Adriana / Buttrini, Mirko / Farina, Benedetta / Montecchini, Sara / Martinelli, Monica / Arcangeletti, Maria Cristina / Chezzi, Carlo / De Conto, Flora

    Microorganisms

    2022  Volume 10, Issue 7

    Abstract: The epidemiology of Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) has changed over the last two decades, due to the emergence of C. difficile strains with clinical relevance and responsible for nosocomial outbreaks with severe outcomes. This study reports an ... ...

    Abstract The epidemiology of Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) has changed over the last two decades, due to the emergence of C. difficile strains with clinical relevance and responsible for nosocomial outbreaks with severe outcomes. This study reports an outbreak occurred in a Long-term Care Unit from February to March 2022 and tracked by using a Matrix-Assisted Desorption/Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) typing approach (T-MALDI); subsequently, a characterization of the toxigenic and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of the C. difficile isolates was performed. A total of 143 faecal samples belonging to 112 patients was evaluated and C. difficile DNA was detected in 51 samples (46 patients). Twenty-nine C. difficile isolates were obtained, and three different clusters were revealed by T-MALDI. The most representative cluster accounted 22 strains and was considered to be epidemic, in agreement with PCR-Ribotyping. Such epidemic strains were susceptible to vancomycin (MIC ≤ 0.5 mg/mL) and metronidazole (MIC ≤ 1 mg/mL), but not to moxifloxacin (MIC > 32 mg/mL). Moreover, they produced only the Toxin A and, additionally, the binary toxin. To our knowledge, this is the first reported outbreak referable to a tcdA+/tcdB-/cdt+ genotypic profile. In light of these results, T-MALDI is a valid and rapid approach for discovering and tracking outbreaks.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-07-21
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2720891-6
    ISSN 2076-2607
    ISSN 2076-2607
    DOI 10.3390/microorganisms10071477
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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