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Article: SARS-CoV-2 infection clinical picture and outcomes in adults living with HIV: a cohort analysis.

Maggiolo, Franco / Comi, Laura / Arosio, Marco / Valenti, Daniela / Guarneri, Davide / Rizzi, Marco / Callegaro, Annapaola

The new microbiologica

2023 Volume 46, Issue 1, Page(s) 18–23

Abstract: Existing evidence about HIV and SARS-CoV-2 co-infection has, so far, yield conflicting results. Methods: This is a cohort, single center, clinical study aimed at identifying possible characteristics of PLWH that could correlate with the risk of acquiring ...

Abstract	Existing evidence about HIV and SARS-CoV-2 co-infection has, so far, yield conflicting results. Methods: This is a cohort, single center, clinical study aimed at identifying possible characteristics of PLWH that could correlate with the risk of acquiring SARS-CoV-2 and would influence the outcome. 155 cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection were compared with 307 PLWH who tested negative. No variable was associated with an increased risk of infection. SARS-CoV-2 PLWH were completely asymptomatic in 20.6% of cases. Factors associated with severe COVID-19 were age (P=0.001), diabetes (P=0.009) hypertension (P=0.004), cardiovascular disease (P=0.001) or an increasing number of chronic co-morbidities (P=0.002); only the first two variables retained statistical significance in a multivariable model. Only older age and a lower CD4 count were statistically associated with death in the multivariate model. Sixteen PLWH not included in the analysis were infected by SARS-Cov-2 after vaccination. In 4 cases the infection was completely asymptomatic, while in the remaining 12 cases the infection was mild and resembled a flu-like syndrome. Conclusions: No baseline characteristic defines patients at greater risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Older age and the presence of multi-comorbidities are risk factors for a severe clinical course. Lower CD4 counts correlate with a fatal outcome.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Adult ; COVID-19 ; SARS-CoV-2 ; CD4 Lymphocyte Count ; Influenza, Human ; Cohort Studies ; HIV Infections/complications ; HIV Infections/epidemiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-09
Publishing country	Italy
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	756168-4
ISSN	1121-7138 ; 0391-5352
ISSN	1121-7138 ; 0391-5352
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Article ; Online: Adherence to and Forgiveness of 3TC/DTG in a Real-World Cohort.

Maggiolo, Franco / Valenti, Daniela / Teocchi, Rodolfo / Comi, Laura / Filippo, Elisa Di / Rizzi, Marco

Journal of the International Association of Providers of AIDS Care

2022 Volume 21, Page(s) 23259582221101815

Abstract: Background: ...

Abstract	Background:
MeSH term(s)	Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use ; Forgiveness ; HIV Infections/drug therapy ; HIV-1 ; Heterocyclic Compounds, 3-Ring/therapeutic use ; Humans ; Lamivudine/therapeutic use ; Oxazines/therapeutic use ; Piperazines/therapeutic use ; Pyridones/therapeutic use ; RNA/therapeutic use
Chemical Substances	Anti-HIV Agents ; Heterocyclic Compounds, 3-Ring ; Oxazines ; Piperazines ; Pyridones ; Lamivudine (2T8Q726O95) ; RNA (63231-63-0)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-06-12
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2709037-1
ISSN	2325-9582 ; 2325-9574
ISSN (online)	2325-9582
ISSN	2325-9574
DOI	10.1177/23259582221101815
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Article ; Online: Real World Data on Forgiveness to Uncomplete Adherence to Bictegravir/ Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Alafenamide.

Maggiolo, Franco / Valenti, Daniela / Teocchi, Rodolfo / Comi, Laura / Di Filippo, Elisa / Rizzi, Marco

Journal of the International Association of Providers of AIDS Care

2022 Volume 21, Page(s) 23259582221140208

Abstract: Background: ...

Abstract	Background:
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Humans ; Emtricitabine/therapeutic use ; Forgiveness ; HIV-1 ; HIV Infections/drug therapy ; Adenine/therapeutic use ; Heterocyclic Compounds, 4 or More Rings/therapeutic use ; Heterocyclic Compounds, 4 or More Rings/pharmacology ; Drug Combinations ; RNA/pharmacology
Chemical Substances	tenofovir alafenamide (EL9943AG5J) ; bictegravir (8GB79LOJ07) ; Emtricitabine (G70B4ETF4S) ; Adenine (JAC85A2161) ; Heterocyclic Compounds, 4 or More Rings ; Drug Combinations ; RNA (63231-63-0)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-11-23
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2709037-1
ISSN	2325-9582 ; 2325-9574
ISSN (online)	2325-9582
ISSN	2325-9574
DOI	10.1177/23259582221140208
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Article ; Online: Switch to bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide from dolutegravir-based therapy: 96-week pooled analysis.

Orkin, Chloe / Antinori, Andrea / Rockstroh, Jürgen K / Moreno-Guillén, Santiago / Martorell, Claudia T / Molina, Jean-Michel / Lazzarin, Adriano / Maggiolo, Franco / Yazdanpanah, Yazdan / Andreatta, Kristen / Huang, Hailin / Hindman, Jason T / Martin, Hal / Pozniak, Anton

AIDS (London, England)

2024

Abstract: Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of 96 weeks of bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (B/F/TAF) treatment in participants switching from dolutegravir (DTG)-based therapy.: Design: Studies 1489 (NCT02607930) and 1490 ( ... ...

Abstract	Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of 96 weeks of bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (B/F/TAF) treatment in participants switching from dolutegravir (DTG)-based therapy. Design: Studies 1489 (NCT02607930) and 1490 (NCT02607956) were phase 3 randomized, double-blind, active-controlled, first-line therapy trials in people with HIV-1. After 144 weeks of DTG-based or B/F/TAF treatment, participants could enter a 96-week open-label extension (OLE) of B/F/TAF. Methods: A pooled analysis evaluated viral suppression (HIV-1 RNA <50 copies/mL) and changes in CD4+ cell count at OLE Weeks 48 and 96, treatment-emergent resistance, safety and tolerability after switch from a DTG-based regimen to B/F/TAF. Outcomes by prior treatment were summarized using descriptive statistics and compared by two-sided Wilcoxon rank sum test. Results: At OLE Week 96, participants who switched to B/F/TAF (N=519) maintained high levels of virologic suppression (99.5% and 99.1% in those switching from DTG/abacavir/lamivudine and DTG+F/TAF, respectively) and CD4+ cell count, with no treatment-emergent resistance to B/F/TAF. Twenty-one participants experienced drug-related adverse events (AEs) after switching, with diarrhea, weight gain and headache occurring most commonly. There were no cases of proximal renal tubulopathy, drug-related Grade 4 AEs or serious AEs. Two participants discontinued B/F/TAF due to treatment-related AEs. Participants who switched from DTG/abacavir/lamivudine experienced statistically significant greater weight gain than those who switched from DTG+F/TAF; however, median weight change from the blinded phase baseline to OLE Week 96 was numerically similar across treatment groups. Conclusions: This medium-term analysis demonstrates the safety and efficacy of switching to B/F/TAF from a DTG-containing regimen in people with HIV-1.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-12
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	639076-6
ISSN	1473-5571 ; 0269-9370 ; 1350-2840
ISSN (online)	1473-5571
ISSN	0269-9370 ; 1350-2840
DOI	10.1097/QAD.0000000000003865
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Article ; Online: Efavirenz: a decade of clinical experience in the treatment of HIV.

Maggiolo, Franco

The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy

2009 Volume 64, Issue 5, Page(s) 910–928

Abstract: Efavirenz, a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor, has been an important component of the treatment of HIV infection for 10 years and has contributed significantly to the evolution of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). The efficacy ... ...

Abstract	Efavirenz, a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor, has been an important component of the treatment of HIV infection for 10 years and has contributed significantly to the evolution of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). The efficacy of efavirenz has been established in numerous randomized trials and observational studies in HAART-naive patients, including those with advanced infection. In the ACTG A5142 study, efavirenz showed greater virological efficacy than the boosted protease inhibitor (PI), lopinavir. Efavirenz is more effective as a third agent than unboosted PIs or the nucleoside analogue abacavir. Some, but not all, studies have suggested that efavirenz (added to two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors) is more effective than nevirapine. Virological and immunological responses achieved with efavirenz-based HAART have been maintained for 7 years. Dosing convenience predicts adherence, and studies have demonstrated that patients can be switched from PI-based therapy to simplified, once-daily efavirenz-based regimens without losing virological control. The one-pill, once-daily formulation of efavirenz plus tenofovir and emtricitabine offers a particular advantage in this regard. Efavirenz also retains a role after failure of a first PI-based regimen. Efavirenz is generally well tolerated: rash and neuropsychiatric disturbances are the most notable adverse events. Neuropsychiatric disturbances generally develop early in treatment and they tend to resolve with continued administration, but they are persistent and troubling in a minority of patients. Efavirenz has less effect on plasma lipid profiles than some boosted PIs. Lipodystrophy can occur under treatment with efavirenz but it may be reduced if the concurrent use of thymidine analogues is avoided. Efavirenz resistance mutations (especially K103N) can be selected during long-term treatment, underscoring the importance of good adherence. Recent data have confirmed that efavirenz is a cost-effective option for first-line HAART. In light of these features, efavirenz retains a key role in HIV treatment strategies and is the first-line agent recommended in some guidelines.
MeSH term(s)	Alkynes ; Anti-HIV Agents/adverse effects ; Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use ; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active/methods ; Benzoxazines/adverse effects ; Benzoxazines/therapeutic use ; Cyclopropanes ; Drug Resistance, Viral ; HIV Infections/drug therapy ; Humans ; Lipodystrophy/chemically induced ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Treatment Outcome
Chemical Substances	Alkynes ; Anti-HIV Agents ; Benzoxazines ; Cyclopropanes ; efavirenz (JE6H2O27P8)
Language	English
Publishing date	2009-09-18
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
ZDB-ID	191709-2
ISSN	1460-2091 ; 0305-7453
ISSN (online)	1460-2091
ISSN	0305-7453
DOI	10.1093/jac/dkp334
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Article ; Online: Abacavir + dolutegravir + lamivudine for the treatment of HIV.

Comi, Laura / Maggiolo, Franco

Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy

2016 Volume 17, Issue 15, Page(s) 2097–2106

Abstract: Introduction: Since the last revision of both European and American guidelines (EACS and DHHS), new data from clinical trials and cohort studies, as well as experience in clinical practice, have prompted significant changes to the list of recommended/ ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Since the last revision of both European and American guidelines (EACS and DHHS), new data from clinical trials and cohort studies, as well as experience in clinical practice, have prompted significant changes to the list of recommended/preferred options for the treatment of HIV infected patients, highlighted the role of INSTI-based regimens. Dolutegravir (DTG) in combination with abacavir/lamivudine (ABC/3TC) is one of these preferred regimens in multiple clinical scenarios, including treatment-naive and treatment-experienced patients. Areas covered: In this article we describe the coformulation of ABC/3TC/DTG in a fixed-dose combination (FDC) approved in September 2014 for the treatment of HIV infection. We focused our research on the efficacy and safety data resulting from phase 2 and 3 clinical study, particularly on the results of both SPRING (1 and 2) and SINGLE studies. Expert opinion: Triple combination therapy with ABC/3TC/DTG should be considered among the initial options for treatment-naive patients, being effective, well tolerated, with a high genetic barrier to resistance along with a convenient once-daily administration. In treatment-experienced patients the single-tablet regimen (STR) based on ABC/3TC/DTG could be used as simplification strategy in subjects with sustained viral suppression, as the high genetic barrier of DTG should ensure a safe switch from both NNRTI or PI based regimens.
MeSH term(s)	Anti-HIV Agents/administration & dosage ; Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use ; Dideoxynucleosides/administration & dosage ; Drug Combinations ; HIV Infections/drug therapy ; Heterocyclic Compounds, 3-Ring/administration & dosage ; Humans ; Lamivudine/administration & dosage ; Lamivudine/therapeutic use ; Tablets
Chemical Substances	Anti-HIV Agents ; Dideoxynucleosides ; Drug Combinations ; Heterocyclic Compounds, 3-Ring ; Tablets ; Lamivudine (2T8Q726O95) ; dolutegravir (DKO1W9H7M1) ; abacavir (WR2TIP26VS)
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-10
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2001535-5
ISSN	1744-7666 ; 1465-6566
ISSN (online)	1744-7666
ISSN	1465-6566
DOI	10.1080/14656566.2016.1232387
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Article ; Online: Antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination is extremely vivacious in subjects with previous SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Callegaro, Annapaola / Borleri, Daniela / Farina, Claudio / Napolitano, Gavino / Valenti, Daniela / Rizzi, Marco / Maggiolo, Franco

Journal of medical virology

2021 Volume 93, Issue 7, Page(s) 4612–4615

Abstract: The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic calls for rapid actions, now principally oriented to a world-wide vaccination campaign. In this study we verified if, in individuals with a previous SARS-CoV-2 infection, a single ... ...

Abstract	The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic calls for rapid actions, now principally oriented to a world-wide vaccination campaign. In this study we verified if, in individuals with a previous SARS-CoV-2 infection, a single dose of messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccine would be immunologically equivalent to a full vaccine schedule in naïve individuals. Health care workers (184) with a previous SARS-CoV-2 infection were sampled soon before the second dose of vaccine and between 7 and 10 days after the second dose, the last sampling time was applied to SARS-CoV-2 naïve individuals, too. Antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 were measured using Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 S immunoassay. The study was powered for non-inferiority. We used non parametric tests and Pearson correlation test to perform inferential analysis. After a single vaccine injection, the median titer of specific antibodies in individuals with previous coronavirus disease 2019 was 30.527 U/ml (interquartile range [IQR]: 19.992-39.288) and in subjects with previous SARS-CoV-2 asymptomatic infection was 19.367.5 U/ml (IQR: 14.688-31.353) (p = .032). Both results were far above the median titer in naïve individuals after a full vaccination schedule: 1974.5 U/ml (IQR: 895-3455) (p < .0001). Adverse events after vaccine injection were more frequent after the second dose of vaccine (mean: 0.95; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.75-1.14 vs. mean: 1.91; 95% CI: 1.63-2.19) (p < .0001) and in exposed compared to naïve (mean: 1.63; 95% CI: 1.28-1.98 vs. mean: 2.35; 95% CI: 1.87-2.82) (p = .015). In SARS-CoV-2 naturally infected individuals a single mRNA vaccine dose seems sufficient to reach immunity. Modifying current dosing schedules would speed-up vaccination campaigns.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Antibodies, Viral/blood ; Antibodies, Viral/immunology ; Asymptomatic Infections ; COVID-19/diagnosis ; COVID-19/immunology ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; COVID-19 Vaccines/administration & dosage ; COVID-19 Vaccines/adverse effects ; COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology ; Female ; Health Personnel ; Humans ; Immunization Schedule ; Immunization, Secondary ; Male ; Middle Aged ; SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; SARS-CoV-2/isolation & purification ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/immunology ; Vaccination ; Vaccines, Synthetic/administration & dosage ; Vaccines, Synthetic/adverse effects ; Vaccines, Synthetic/immunology ; mRNA Vaccines
Chemical Substances	Antibodies, Viral ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus ; Vaccines, Synthetic ; spike protein, SARS-CoV-2
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-04-08
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	752392-0
ISSN	1096-9071 ; 0146-6615
ISSN (online)	1096-9071
ISSN	0146-6615
DOI	10.1002/jmv.26982
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Article: The Hôtel-Dieu Saint-Jacques of Toulouse: Oldest Dental Site still in Activity?

Esclassan, Rémi / Baron, Pierre / Maggiolo, Maeva / Vergnes, Jean-Noel

Journal of the history of dentistry

2023 Volume 71, Issue 1, Page(s) 2–9

Abstract: The Hôtel-Dieu Saint-Jacques of Toulouse (in Southwest France) is an ancient hospital officially ...

Abstract	The Hôtel-Dieu Saint-Jacques of Toulouse (in Southwest France) is an ancient hospital officially existing since the 16th century and initially dedicated to the treatment of the poor and the destitute. In the 18th century, it became a hospital in the "modern" sense of the word, by maintaining health and trying to cure diseases. The first official traces of professional dental care in the Hôtel-Dieu Saint-Jacques by a dental surgeon date from 1780. From this period, the Hôtel-Dieu Saint-Jacques had a dentist to treat "paupers" in the early years. The first "officially" recorded dentist was named Pierre Delga, known for having treated the French Queen Marie-Antoinette for a difficult extraction. Delga also provided dental care to the famous French writer and philosopher Voltaire. The aim of this article is to relate the history of this hospital along with French dentistry, and to advance the hypothesis that the Hôtel-Dieu Saint-Jacques, now a hospital site of the Toulouse University Hospital, is probably the oldest building in Europe still in activity and still hosting a dentistry department.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; History, 18th Century ; History, 19th Century ; Hospitals, University/history ; France ; Europe
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-10
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Historical Article ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1311540-6
ISSN	1089-6287 ; 0007-5132
ISSN	1089-6287 ; 0007-5132
DOI	10.58929/jhd.2023.071.01.002
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Article ; Online: Association between SARS-CoV-2 RNAemia, skewed T cell responses, inflammation, and severity in hospitalized COVID-19 people living with HIV

Matteo Augello / Valeria Bono / Roberta Rovito / Camilla Tincati / Silvia Bianchi / Lucia Taramasso / Antonio Di Biagio / Annapaola Callegaro / Franco Maggiolo / Elisa Borghi / Antonella d’Arminio Monforte / Giulia Marchetti

iScience, Vol 27, Iss 1, Pp 108673- (2024)

1481

Abstract: Summary: Severe COVID-19 outcomes have been reported in people living with HIV (PLWH), yet the underlying pathogenetic factors are largely unknown. We therefore aimed to assess SARS-CoV-2 RNAemia and plasma cytokines in PLWH hospitalized for COVID-19 ... ...

Abstract	Summary: Severe COVID-19 outcomes have been reported in people living with HIV (PLWH), yet the underlying pathogenetic factors are largely unknown. We therefore aimed to assess SARS-CoV-2 RNAemia and plasma cytokines in PLWH hospitalized for COVID-19 pneumonia, exploring associations with magnitude and functionality of SARS-CoV-2-specific immune responses.Eighteen unvaccinated PLWH (16/18 on cART; median CD4 T cell count 361.5/μL; HIV-RNA<50 cp/mL in 15/18) and 18 age/sex-matched people without HIV were consecutively recruited at a median time of 10 days from symptoms onset. PLWH showed greater SARS-CoV-2 RNAemia, a distinct plasma cytokine profile, and worse respiratory function (lower PaO2/FiO2 nadir), all correlating with skewed T cell responses (higher perforin production by cytotoxic T cells as well as fewer and less polyfunctional SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells), despite preserved humoral immunity.In conclusion, these data suggest a link between HIV-related T cell dysfunction and poor control over SARS-CoV-2 replication/dissemination that may in turn influence COVID-19 severity in PLWH.
Keywords	biological sciences ; Immunology ; immune response ; Microbiology ; Virology ; Science ; Q
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Elsevier
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article ; Online: Cohort profile: PRESTIGIO, an Italian prospective registry-based cohort of people with HIV-1 resistant to reverse transcriptase, protease and integrase inhibitors.

Clemente, Tommaso / Galli, Laura / Lolatto, Riccardo / Gagliardini, Roberta / Lagi, Filippo / Ferrara, Micol / Cattelan, Anna Maria / Focà, Emanuele / Di Biagio, Antonio / Cervo, Adriana / Calza, Leonardo / Maggiolo, Franco / Marchetti, Giulia / Cenderello, Giovanni / Rusconi, Stefano / Zazzi, Maurizio / Santoro, Maria Mercedes / Spagnuolo, Vincenzo / Castagna, Antonella

BMJ open

2024 Volume 14, Issue 2, Page(s) e080606

Abstract: Purpose: The PRESTIGIO Registry was established in 2017 to collect clinical, virological and immunological monitoring data from people living with HIV (PLWH) with documented four-class drug resistance (4DR). Key research purposes include the evaluation ... ...

Abstract	Purpose: The PRESTIGIO Registry was established in 2017 to collect clinical, virological and immunological monitoring data from people living with HIV (PLWH) with documented four-class drug resistance (4DR). Key research purposes include the evaluation of residual susceptibility to specific antiretrovirals and the validation of treatment and monitoring strategies in this population. Participants: The PRESTIGIO Registry collects annual plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cell samples and demographic, clinical, virological, treatment and laboratory data from PLWH followed at 39 Italian clinical centres and characterised by intermediate-to-high genotypic resistance to ≥1 nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, ≥1 non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, ≥1 protease inhibitors, plus either intermediate-to-high genotypic resistance to ≥1 integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs) or history of virological failure to an INSTI-containing regimen. To date, 229 people have been recorded in the cohort. Most of the data are collected from the date of the first evidence of 4DR (baseline), with some prebaseline information obtained retrospectively. Samples are collected from the date of enrollment in the registry. Findings to date: The open-ended cohort has been used to assess (1) prognosis in terms of survival or development of AIDS-related or non-AIDS-related clinical events; (2) long-term efficacy and safety of different antiretroviral regimens and (3) virological and immunological factors predictive of clinical outcome and treatment efficacy, especially through analysis of plasma and cell samples. Future plans: The registry can provide new knowledge on how to implement an integrated approach to study PLWH with documented resistance to the four main antiretroviral classes, a population with a limited number of individuals characterised by a high degree of frailty and complexity in therapeutic management. Given the scheduled annual updates of PLWH data, the researchers who collaborate in the registry can send study proposals at any time to the steering committee of the registry, which evaluates every 3 months whether the research studies can be conducted on data and biosamples from the registry and whether they are aimed at a better understanding of a specific health condition, the emergence of comorbidities or the effect of potential treatments or experimental drugs that may have an impact on disease progression and quality of life. Finally, the research studies should aim to be inclusive, innovative and in touch with the communities and society as a whole. Trial registration number: NCT04098315.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors/therapeutic use ; Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors/pharmacology ; HIV-1/genetics ; Integrase Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Integrase Inhibitors/therapeutic use ; Peptide Hydrolases/pharmacology ; Peptide Hydrolases/therapeutic use ; Leukocytes, Mononuclear ; Quality of Life ; Retrospective Studies ; HIV Infections/drug therapy ; Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use ; Registries ; Italy ; RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase/pharmacology ; RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase/therapeutic use
Chemical Substances	Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors ; Integrase Inhibitors ; Peptide Hydrolases (EC 3.4.-) ; Anti-HIV Agents ; RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase (EC 2.7.7.49)
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-10
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2599832-8
ISSN	2044-6055 ; 2044-6055
ISSN (online)	2044-6055
ISSN	2044-6055
DOI	10.1136/bmjopen-2023-080606
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