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  1. Article ; Online: A Request for Scientific Accountability in Public Statements.

    Townsend, David / Kiser, Jackson W / Boerma, Marjan / Fass, Daniel / Wilson, Sean / Sullivan, Daniel

    Health physics

    2022  Volume 122, Issue 4, Page(s) 534–536

    MeSH term(s) Social Responsibility
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-01-23
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2406-5
    ISSN 1538-5159 ; 0017-9078
    ISSN (online) 1538-5159
    ISSN 0017-9078
    DOI 10.1097/HP.0000000000001541
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    Zs.A 128: Show issues Location:
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    Zs.MO 253: Show issues

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  2. Article ; Online: Thigmotaxis in a virtual human open field test.

    Gromer, Daniel / Kiser, Dominik P / Pauli, Paul

    Scientific reports

    2021  Volume 11, Issue 1, Page(s) 6670

    Abstract: Animal models are used to study neurobiological mechanisms in mental disorders. Although there has been significant progress in the understanding of neurobiological underpinnings of threat-related behaviors and anxiety, little progress was made with ... ...

    Abstract Animal models are used to study neurobiological mechanisms in mental disorders. Although there has been significant progress in the understanding of neurobiological underpinnings of threat-related behaviors and anxiety, little progress was made with regard to new or improved treatments for mental disorders. A possible reason for this lack of success is the unknown predictive and cross-species translational validity of animal models used in preclinical studies. Re-translational approaches, therefore, seek to establish cross-species translational validity by identifying behavioral operations shared across species. To this end, we implemented a human open field test in virtual reality and measured behavioral indices derived from animal studies in three experiments ([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text]). In addition, we investigated the associations between anxious traits and such behaviors. Results indicated a strong similarity in behavior across species, i.e., participants in our study-like rodents in animal studies-preferred to stay in the outer region of the open field, as indexed by multiple behavioral parameters. However, correlational analyses did not clearly indicate that these behaviors were a function of anxious traits of participants. We conclude that the realized virtual open field test is able to elicit thigmotaxis and thus demonstrates cross-species validity of this aspect of the test. Modulatory effects of anxiety on human open field behavior should be examined further by incorporating possible threats in the virtual scenario and/or by examining participants with higher anxiety levels or anxiety disorder patients.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Anxiety/diagnosis ; Anxiety/psychology ; Behavior, Animal ; Elevated Plus Maze Test ; Humans ; Open Field Test ; Quantitative Trait, Heritable ; Software ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Virtual Reality
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-03-23
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2615211-3
    ISSN 2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
    ISSN (online) 2045-2322
    ISSN 2045-2322
    DOI 10.1038/s41598-021-85678-5
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  3. Article ; Online: A virtual reality social conditioned place preference paradigm for humans

    Dominik P. Kiser / Daniel Gromer / Paul Pauli / Kirsten Hilger

    Frontiers in Virtual Reality, Vol

    Does trait social anxiety affect approach and avoidance of virtual agents?

    2022  Volume 3

    Abstract: Approach and avoidance of positive and negative social cues are fundamental to prevent isolation and ensure survival. High trait social anxiety is characterized by an avoidance of social situations and extensive avoidance is a risk factor for the ... ...

    Abstract Approach and avoidance of positive and negative social cues are fundamental to prevent isolation and ensure survival. High trait social anxiety is characterized by an avoidance of social situations and extensive avoidance is a risk factor for the development of social anxiety disorder (SAD). Therefore, experimental methods to assess social avoidance behavior in humans are essential. The social conditioned place preference (SCPP) paradigm is a well-established experimental paradigm in animal research that is used to objectively investigate social approach–avoidance mechanisms. We retranslated this paradigm for human research using virtual reality. To this end, 58 healthy adults were exposed to either a happy- or angry-looking virtual agent in a specific room, and the effects of this encounter on dwell time as well as evaluation of this room in a later test without an agent were examined. We did not observe a general SCPP effect on dwell time or ratings but discovered a moderation by trait social anxiety, in which participants with higher trait social anxiety spent less time in the room in which the angry agent was present before, suggesting that higher levels of trait social anxiety foster conditioned social avoidance. However, further studies are needed to verify this observation and substantiate an association with social anxiety disorder. We discussed the strengths, limitations, and technical implications of our paradigm for future investigations to more comprehensively understand the mechanisms involved in social anxiety and facilitate the development of new personalized treatment approaches by using virtual reality.
    Keywords retranslational research ; conditioned place preference ; approach–avoidance ; social anxiety ; virtual reality ; personality traits ; Electronic computers. Computer science ; QA75.5-76.95
    Subject code 300
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-11-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  4. Article ; Online: Thigmotaxis in a virtual human open field test

    Daniel Gromer / Dominik P. Kiser / Paul Pauli

    Scientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-

    2021  Volume 13

    Abstract: Abstract Animal models are used to study neurobiological mechanisms in mental disorders. Although there has been significant progress in the understanding of neurobiological underpinnings of threat-related behaviors and anxiety, little progress was made ... ...

    Abstract Abstract Animal models are used to study neurobiological mechanisms in mental disorders. Although there has been significant progress in the understanding of neurobiological underpinnings of threat-related behaviors and anxiety, little progress was made with regard to new or improved treatments for mental disorders. A possible reason for this lack of success is the unknown predictive and cross-species translational validity of animal models used in preclinical studies. Re-translational approaches, therefore, seek to establish cross-species translational validity by identifying behavioral operations shared across species. To this end, we implemented a human open field test in virtual reality and measured behavioral indices derived from animal studies in three experiments ( $$\textit{N}=31$$ N = 31 , $$\textit{N}=30$$ N = 30 , and $$\textit{N}=80$$ N = 80 ). In addition, we investigated the associations between anxious traits and such behaviors. Results indicated a strong similarity in behavior across species, i.e., participants in our study—like rodents in animal studies—preferred to stay in the outer region of the open field, as indexed by multiple behavioral parameters. However, correlational analyses did not clearly indicate that these behaviors were a function of anxious traits of participants. We conclude that the realized virtual open field test is able to elicit thigmotaxis and thus demonstrates cross-species validity of this aspect of the test. Modulatory effects of anxiety on human open field behavior should be examined further by incorporating possible threats in the virtual scenario and/or by examining participants with higher anxiety levels or anxiety disorder patients.
    Keywords Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
    Subject code 150
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-03-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Nature Portfolio
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  5. Article ; Online: Molecular species determination of cyathostomins from horses in Ireland.

    Byrne, Orla / Gangotia, Disha / Crowley, John / Zintl, Annetta / Kiser, Liam / Boxall, Olivia / McSweeney, Daniel / O'Neill, Fiona / Dunne, Stacey / Lamb, Breanna Rose / Walshe, Nicola / Mulcahy, Grace

    Veterinary parasitology

    2024  Volume 328, Page(s) 110168

    Abstract: Cyathostomins are globally important equine parasites, responsible for both chronic and acute pathogenic effects. The occurrence of mixed infections with numerous cyathostomin species hinders our understanding of parasite epidemiology, host-parasite ... ...

    Abstract Cyathostomins are globally important equine parasites, responsible for both chronic and acute pathogenic effects. The occurrence of mixed infections with numerous cyathostomin species hinders our understanding of parasite epidemiology, host-parasite dynamics, and species pathogenicity. There have been few studies of cyathostomin species occurring in horses in Ireland, where temperate climatic conditions with year-round rainfall provide suitable conditions for infection of grazing animals with bursate nematodes. Here, we amplified and sequenced the ITS-2 region of adult worms harvested at post-mortem from eleven adult horses between August 2018 and June 2020, and recorded species prevalence and abundance of worms recovered from the caecum, right ventral colon and left dorsal colon, using both BLAST and IDTAXA for taxonomic attribution. Phylogenetic relationships and community composition were also recorded and compared with other relevant studies, including a global meta-analysis. Overall, our results agree with previous studies that there does not seem to be a major difference in cyathostomin species occurrence in equids in different geographical regions. We confirmed the results of other workers in relation to the difficulties in discriminating between Cylicostephanus calicatus and Coronocyclus coronatus on the basis of ITS-2 sequences.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-15
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 196831-2
    ISSN 1873-2550 ; 0304-4017
    ISSN (online) 1873-2550
    ISSN 0304-4017
    DOI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2024.110168
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    Zs.A 4380: Show issues Location:
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  6. Article: Thigmotaxis in a virtual human open field test

    Gromer, Daniel / Kiser, Dominik P. / Pauli, Paul

    Scientific Reports

    2021  Volume 11, Issue 1, Page(s) No

    Abstract: Animal models are used to study neurobiological mechanisms in mental disorders. Although there has been significant progress in the understanding of neurobiological underpinnings of threat-related behaviors and anxiety, little progress was made with ... ...

    Title translation Thigmotaxis in einem virtuellen menschlichen Freifeldtest
    Abstract Animal models are used to study neurobiological mechanisms in mental disorders. Although there has been significant progress in the understanding of neurobiological underpinnings of threat-related behaviors and anxiety, little progress was made with regard to new or improved treatments for mental disorders. A possible reason for this lack of success is the unknown predictive and cross-species translational validity of animal models used in preclinical studies. Re-translational approaches, therefore, seek to establish cross-species translational validity by identifying behavioral operations shared across species. To this end, we implemented a human open field test in virtual reality and measured behavioral indices derived from animal studies in three experiments (N=31, N=30, and N=80). In addition, we investigated the associations between anxious traits and such behaviors. Results indicated a strong similarity in behavior across species, i.e., participants in our study - like rodents in animal studies - preferred to stay in the outer region of the open field, as indexed by multiple behavioral parameters. However, correlational analyses did not clearly indicate that these behaviors were a function of anxious traits of participants. We conclude that the realized virtual open field test is able to elicit thigmotaxis and thus demonstrates cross-species validity of this aspect of the test. Modulatory effects of anxiety on human open field behavior should be examined further by incorporating possible threats in the virtual scenario and/or by examining participants with higher anxiety levels or anxiety disorder patients.
    Keywords Angst ; Animal Models ; Animal Open Field Behavior ; Anxiety ; Behavior ; Motor Processes ; Motorische Prozesse ; Tiermodelle ; Verhalten ; Verhalten in Freiheit bei Tieren ; Virtual Reality ; Virtuelle Realität
    Language English
    Document type Article
    DOI 10.1038/s41598-021-85678-5
    Database PSYNDEX

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  7. Article ; Online: SARS-CoV-2 test positivity rate in Reno, Nevada: association with PM2.5 during the 2020 wildfire smoke events in the western United States.

    Kiser, Daniel / Elhanan, Gai / Metcalf, William J / Schnieder, Brendan / Grzymski, Joseph J

    Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology

    2021  Volume 31, Issue 5, Page(s) 797–803

    Abstract: Background: Air pollution has been linked to increased susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2. Thus, it has been suggested that wildfire smoke events may exacerbate the COVID-19 pandemic.: Objectives: Our goal was to examine whether wildfire smoke from the ... ...

    Abstract Background: Air pollution has been linked to increased susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2. Thus, it has been suggested that wildfire smoke events may exacerbate the COVID-19 pandemic.
    Objectives: Our goal was to examine whether wildfire smoke from the 2020 wildfires in the western United States was associated with an increased rate of SARS-CoV-2 infections in Reno, Nevada.
    Methods: We conducted a time-series analysis using generalized additive models to examine the relationship between the SARS-CoV-2 test positivity rate at a large regional hospital in Reno and ambient PM2.5 from 15 May to 20 Oct 2020.
    Results: We found that a 10 µg/m
    Significance: Wildfire smoke may have greatly increased the number of COVID-19 cases in Reno. Thus, our results substantiate the role of air pollution in exacerbating the pandemic and can help guide the development of public preparedness policies in areas affected by wildfire smoke, as wildfires are likely to coincide with the COVID-19 pandemic in 2021.
    MeSH term(s) Air Pollutants/adverse effects ; Air Pollutants/analysis ; COVID-19 ; Humans ; Nevada ; Pandemics ; Particulate Matter/adverse effects ; Particulate Matter/analysis ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Smoke/adverse effects ; United States/epidemiology ; Wildfires
    Chemical Substances Air Pollutants ; Particulate Matter ; Smoke
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-07-13
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2218551-3
    ISSN 1559-064X ; 1559-0631
    ISSN (online) 1559-064X
    ISSN 1559-0631
    DOI 10.1038/s41370-021-00366-w
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    In stock of ZB MED Bonn / Germany

    Z 7529: Show issues

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  8. Article: Incomplete Penetrance of Population-Based Genetic Screening Results in Electronic Health Record.

    Elhanan, Gai / Kiser, Daniel / Neveux, Iva / Dabe, Shaun / Bolze, Alexandre / Metcalf, William J / Lu, James T / Grzymski, Joseph J

    Frontiers in genetics

    2022  Volume 13, Page(s) 866169

    Abstract: The clinical value of population-based genetic screening projects depends on the actions taken on the findings. The Healthy Nevada Project (HNP) is an all-comer genetic screening and research project based in northern Nevada. HNP participants with CDC ... ...

    Abstract The clinical value of population-based genetic screening projects depends on the actions taken on the findings. The Healthy Nevada Project (HNP) is an all-comer genetic screening and research project based in northern Nevada. HNP participants with CDC Tier 1 findings of hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome (HBOC), Lynch syndrome (LS), or familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) are notified and provided with genetic counseling. However, the HNP subsequently takes a "hands-off" approach: it is the responsibility of notified participants to share their findings with their healthcare providers, and providers are expected to implement the recommended action plans. Thus, the HNP presents an opportunity to evaluate the efficiency of participant and provider responses to notification of important genetic findings, using electronic health records (EHRs) at Renown Health (a large regional hospital in northern Nevada). Out of 520 HNP participants with findings, we identified 250 participants who were notified of their findings and who had an EHR. 107 of these participants responded to a survey, with 76 (71%) indicating that they had shared their findings with their healthcare providers. However, a sufficiently specific genetic diagnosis appeared in the EHRs and problem lists of only 22 and 10%, respectively, of participants without prior knowledge. Furthermore, review of participant EHRs provided evidence of possible relevant changes in clinical care for only a handful of participants. Up to 19% of participants would have benefited from earlier screening due to prior presentation of their condition. These results suggest that continuous support for both participants and their providers is necessary to maximize the benefit of population-based genetic screening. We recommend that genetic screening projects require participants' consent to directly document their genetic findings in their EHRs. Additionally, we recommend that they provide healthcare providers with ongoing training regarding documentation of findings and with clinical decision support regarding subsequent care.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-04-27
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2606823-0
    ISSN 1664-8021
    ISSN 1664-8021
    DOI 10.3389/fgene.2022.866169
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  9. Article ; Online: Turning the Lens Inward: The Psychological Elements of Clinician Well Being.

    Shalev, Daniel / Traeger, Lara N / Doyle, Kathleen / Kiser, Stephanie B / Brenner, Keri O / Rosenberg, Leah B / Jacobsen, Juliet C / Seaton, Michelle / Jackson, Vicki A

    Journal of palliative medicine

    2022  Volume 25, Issue 3, Page(s) 349–354

    Abstract: This is the seventh entry in ... ...

    Abstract This is the seventh entry in the
    MeSH term(s) Emotions ; Hospice and Palliative Care Nursing ; Humans ; Palliative Care/psychology ; Peer Group
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-01-27
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1427361-5
    ISSN 1557-7740 ; 1096-6218
    ISSN (online) 1557-7740
    ISSN 1096-6218
    DOI 10.1089/jpm.2021.0548
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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.A 5440: Show issues Location:
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  10. Article ; Online: Twitter Response to Munich July 2016 Attack: Network Analysis of Influence.

    Bermudez, Ivan / Cleven, Daniel / Gera, Ralucca / Kiser, Erik T / Newlin, Timothy / Saxena, Akrati

    Frontiers in big data

    2019  Volume 2, Page(s) 17

    Abstract: Social Media platforms in Cyberspace provide communication channels for individuals, businesses, as well as state and non-state actors (i.e., individuals and groups) to conduct messaging campaigns. What are the spheres of influence that arose around the ... ...

    Abstract Social Media platforms in Cyberspace provide communication channels for individuals, businesses, as well as state and non-state actors (i.e., individuals and groups) to conduct messaging campaigns. What are the spheres of influence that arose around the keyword
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-06-25
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2624-909X
    ISSN (online) 2624-909X
    DOI 10.3389/fdata.2019.00017
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