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Article ; Online: Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Viruses from Multispecies Outbreak, Argentina, August 2023.

Rimondi, Agustina / Vanstreels, Ralph E T / Olivera, Valeria / Donini, Agustina / Lauriente, Martina Miqueo / Uhart, Marcela M

Emerging infectious diseases

2024 Volume 30, Issue 4, Page(s) 812–814

Abstract: We report full-genome characterization of highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) clade 2.3.4.4b virus from an outbreak among sea lions (August 2023) in Argentina and possible spillover to fur seals and terns. Mammalian adaptation mutations in virus ... ...

Abstract	We report full-genome characterization of highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) clade 2.3.4.4b virus from an outbreak among sea lions (August 2023) in Argentina and possible spillover to fur seals and terns. Mammalian adaptation mutations in virus isolated from marine mammals and a human in Chile were detected in mammalian and avian hosts.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Humans ; Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype ; Influenza in Birds/epidemiology ; Argentina/epidemiology ; Influenza A virus ; Birds ; Disease Outbreaks ; Phylogeny ; Mammals
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-27
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1380686-5
ISSN	1080-6059 ; 1080-6040
ISSN (online)	1080-6059
ISSN	1080-6040
DOI	10.3201/eid3004.231725
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Article ; Online: Gaps in health security related to wildlife and environment affecting pandemic prevention and preparedness, 2007-2020.

Machalaba, Catherine / Uhart, Marcela / Ryser-Degiorgis, Marie-Pierre / Karesh, William B

Bulletin of the World Health Organization

2021 Volume 99, Issue 5, Page(s) 342–350B

Abstract: Objective: To describe and quantify the extent of wildlife and environment sector inclusion in country evaluation and prioritization tools for health security, and to provide practical recommendations for global and national action to improve pandemic ... ...

Abstract	Objective: To describe and quantify the extent of wildlife and environment sector inclusion in country evaluation and prioritization tools for health security, and to provide practical recommendations for global and national action to improve pandemic prevention and preparedness. Methods: To assess coverage of wildlife and other environmental aspects, we reviewed major health security reports (including World Organisation for Animal Health Performance of Veterinary Services reports, and World Health Organization Joint External Evaluations and follow-on National Action Plans for Health Security) published by 107 countries and territories. We extracted information on stated coverage gaps, wildlife surveillance systems and priority diseases. We also searched National Biodiversity Strategies and Action Plans published by 125 countries to assess whether disease surveillance or prevention activities were included. Findings: We noted that the occurrence frequency of keywords indicative of wildlife, environment, biodiversity and climate factors varied with type of report and between countries. We found that more than half (57.9%, 62/107) of the reporting countries did not provide any evidence of a functional wildlife health surveillance programme. Most countries (83.2%, 89/107) indicated specific gaps in operations, coordination, scope or capacity. Only eight of the 125 countries (6.4%) publishing a National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan reported tangible activities related to wildlife health or zoonotic disease. Conclusion: Overall, despite their importance for pandemic prevention, wildlife and environmental considerations are neglected in health security priorities and plans. Strengthening wildlife health capacity and operations should be emphasized in One Health efforts to monitor and mitigate known and novel disease risks.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Animals, Wild ; Global Health ; Pandemics/prevention & control ; World Health Organization ; Zoonoses/epidemiology ; Zoonoses/prevention & control
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-03-02
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	80213-x
ISSN	1564-0604 ; 0042-9686 ; 0366-4996 ; 0510-8659
ISSN (online)	1564-0604
ISSN	0042-9686 ; 0366-4996 ; 0510-8659
DOI	10.2471/BLT.20.272690
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Article ; Online: Trichinella Infection in Culled Wild Boar (Sus scrofa) from El Palmar National Park, Argentina, and Exposure Risk in Humans and Dogs Consuming Wild Boar Meat.

Tammone Santos, Agostina / Riva, Eliana / Condorí, Walter E / Fernández, Valentina / Rodriguez, Marcelo G / Rivero, Mariana A / Faraco, Matias / Aguirre, Pablo / Loyza, Lorena / Caselli, Andrea E / Uhart, Marcela M / Estein, Silvia M

Journal of wildlife diseases

2024 Volume 60, Issue 2, Page(s) 401–412

Abstract: Trichinellosis is a foodborne disease caused by ingestion of raw or undercooked meat containing Trichinella spp. larvae. Consumption of wild boar (Sus scrofa) meat represents an important source of human trichinellosis worldwide. In El Palmar National ... ...

Abstract	Trichinellosis is a foodborne disease caused by ingestion of raw or undercooked meat containing Trichinella spp. larvae. Consumption of wild boar (Sus scrofa) meat represents an important source of human trichinellosis worldwide. In El Palmar National Park (EPNP), Argentina, invasive alien wild boars are controlled and meat from culled animals is released for public consumption following on-site artificial digestion (AD) testing. Meat trimmings and offal from the control program are often used as food for dogs (Canis familiaris). We evaluated infection and exposure to Trichinella spp. in wild boars from EPNP, as well as exposure to Trichinella spp. and associated risk factors in dogs and human consumers of wild boar meat. Trichinella spp. larvae were detected in muscle samples from 5/49 wild boars by AD (10.2%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.8%-23%), with a mean burden of 0.24 larvae per gram (lpg; range, 0.06-0.95 lpg). Anti-Trichinella antibodies were not detected in wild boar serum samples (n=42). In dogs, 12/34 were seropositive to Trichinella spp. (35.29%; 95%, CI, 20.3%-53.5%). Immunoglobulin (Ig) G antibodies were not detected in human serum samples (n=63). Our results reveal the presence, albeit at low prevalence, of Trichinella spp. in wild boars and exposure in dogs fed game offal. These findings suggest that the low prevalence and parasitic load in wild boars, together with the best practices applied by EPNP culling program personnel, contribute to keeping the risk of infection in people low. The dog results highlight that the parasite is circulating in the area, and therefore the risk of infection is not negligible. We recommend the implementation of an animal surveillance strategy in order to monitor the evolution of this zoonosis in the study area.
MeSH term(s)	Swine ; Humans ; Animals ; Dogs ; Trichinellosis/epidemiology ; Trichinellosis/veterinary ; Trichinellosis/parasitology ; Argentina/epidemiology ; Parks, Recreational ; Swine Diseases/epidemiology ; Swine Diseases/parasitology ; Trichinella ; Meat/parasitology ; Immunoglobulin G ; Sus scrofa ; Dog Diseases/epidemiology ; Epoxy Compounds ; Nitrophenols
Chemical Substances	1,2-epoxy-3-(p-nitrophenoxy)propane (96071991U0) ; Immunoglobulin G ; Epoxy Compounds ; Nitrophenols
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-05
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	410709-3
ISSN	1943-3700 ; 0090-3558
ISSN (online)	1943-3700
ISSN	0090-3558
DOI	10.7589/JWD-D-23-00027
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Article ; Online: A multispecies competitive nanobody-based ELISA for the detection of antibodies against hepatitis E virus.

Arce, Lorena Paola / Pavan, María Florencia / Bok, Marina / Gutiérrez, Silvina Elena / Estein, Silvia Marcela / Santos, Agostina Tammone / Condorí, Walter Ezequiel / Uhart, Marcela María / Parreño, Viviana / Vizoso-Pinto, María Guadalupe / Ibañez, Lorena Itatí

Scientific reports

2023 Volume 13, Issue 1, Page(s) 15448

Abstract: The hepatitis E virus (HEV) is an emergent zoonotic virus causing viral hepatitis worldwide. Clinically, hepatitis E is not easily distinguished from other types of acute viral hepatitis. There is a need for HEV diagnostic assays to detect and prevent ... ...

Abstract	The hepatitis E virus (HEV) is an emergent zoonotic virus causing viral hepatitis worldwide. Clinically, hepatitis E is not easily distinguished from other types of acute viral hepatitis. There is a need for HEV diagnostic assays to detect and prevent interspecies transmission among susceptible populations. Nanobodies (Nbs) are expressed recombinantly in different systems, produced with high yields, and have superior physicochemical properties compared with conventional antibodies (Ab). Several Nbs against ORF2, the capsid protein and main antigen, were selected and produced in E. coli. Nb39 and Nb74 specifically recognized HEV ORF2 (genotypes 3 and 4). A competitive ELISA (cELISA) was developed and validated using a reference panel of human (n = 86) and swine sera (n = 116) tested in comparison with a commercial kit. The optimal cutoff values determined by ROC analysis were 69.16% (human) and 58.76% (swine); the sensitivity and specificity were high: 97.4% (95% CI 86.5-99.5%) and 95.8% (95% CI 86.0-98.8%) for human vs. 100% (95% CI 93.5-100%) and 98.3% (95% CI 91.0-99.7%) for swine. Further, the cELISA detected total anti-HEV antibodies in wild boar, deer, and mice. To our knowledge, this is the first report of production of Nbs against HEV-3 ORF2 for diagnostic purposes.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Animals ; Mice ; Swine ; Hepatitis E virus ; Escherichia coli ; Deer ; Antibodies ; Single-Domain Antibodies ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
Chemical Substances	Antibodies ; Single-Domain Antibodies
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-18
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2615211-3
ISSN	2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
ISSN (online)	2045-2322
ISSN	2045-2322
DOI	10.1038/s41598-023-41955-z
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Journal ; Article ; Online: Gaps in health security related to wildlife and environment affecting pandemic prevention and preparedness, 2007–2020

Machalaba, Catherine / Uhart, Marcela / Ryser-Degiorgis, Marie-Pierre / Karesh, William B

2021

Abstract: ... 342 ... ...

Abstract	342 350B
Keywords	Research
Language	English
Publisher	World Health Organization
Document type	Journal ; Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Diversity and prevalence of zoonotic infections at the animal-human interface of primate trafficking in Peru.

Mendoza, A Patricia / Muñoz-Maceda, Ana / Ghersi, Bruno M / De La Puente, Micaela / Zariquiey, Carlos / Cavero, Nancy / Murillo, Yovana / Sebastian, Miguel / Ibañez, Yohani / Parker, Patricia G / Perez, Alberto / Uhart, Marcela / Robinson, Janine / Olson, Sarah H / Rosenbaum, Marieke H

PloS one

2024 Volume 19, Issue 2, Page(s) e0287893

Abstract: Wildlife trafficking creates favorable scenarios for intra- and inter-specific interactions that can lead to parasite spread and disease emergence. Among the fauna affected by this activity, primates are relevant due to their potential to acquire and ... ...

Abstract	Wildlife trafficking creates favorable scenarios for intra- and inter-specific interactions that can lead to parasite spread and disease emergence. Among the fauna affected by this activity, primates are relevant due to their potential to acquire and share zoonoses - infections caused by parasites that can spread between humans and other animals. Though it is known that most primate parasites can affect multiple hosts and that many are zoonotic, comparative studies across different contexts for animal-human interactions are scarce. We conducted a multi-parasite screening targeting the detection of zoonotic infections in wild-caught monkeys in nine Peruvian cities across three contexts: captivity (zoos and rescue centers, n = 187); pet (households, n = 69); and trade (trafficked or recently confiscated, n = 132). We detected 32 parasite taxa including mycobacteria, simian foamyvirus, bacteria, helminths, and protozoa. Monkeys in the trade context had the highest prevalence of hemoparasites (including Plasmodium malariae/brasilianum, Trypanosoma cruzi, and microfilaria) and enteric helminths and protozoa were less common in pet monkeys. However, parasite communities showed overall low variation between the three contexts. Parasite richness (PR) was best explained by host genus and the city where the animal was sampled. Squirrel (genus Saimiri) and wooly (genus Lagothrix) monkeys had the highest PR, which was ~2.2 times the PR found in tufted capuchins (genus Sapajus) and tamarins (genus Saguinus/Leontocebus) in a multivariable model adjusted for context, sex, and age. Our findings illustrate that the threats of wildlife trafficking to One Health encompass exposure to multiple zoonotic parasites well-known to cause disease in humans, monkeys, and other species. We demonstrate these threats continue beyond the markets where wildlife is initially sold; monkeys trafficked for the pet market remain a reservoir for and contribute to the translocation of zoonotic parasites to households and other captive facilities where contact with humans is frequent. Our results have practical applications for the healthcare of rescued monkeys and call for urgent action against wildlife trafficking and ownership of monkeys as pets.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Animals ; Peru/epidemiology ; Prevalence ; Zoonoses/epidemiology ; Animals, Wild/microbiology ; Plasmodium ; Parasites ; Haplorhini ; Saguinus ; Helminths
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-07
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2267670-3
ISSN	1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
ISSN	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0287893
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Article ; Online: Sarcoptic mange outbreak decimates South American wild camelid populations in San Guillermo National Park, Argentina.

Ferreyra, Hebe Del Valle / Rudd, Jaime / Foley, Janet / Vanstreels, Ralph E T / Martín, Ana M / Donadio, Emiliano / Uhart, Marcela M

PloS one

2022 Volume 17, Issue 1, Page(s) e0256616

Abstract: Sarcoptic mange epidemics can devastate wildlife populations. In 2014, mange was first detected in vicuñas (Vicugna vicugna) and guanacos (Lama guanicoe) in San Guillermo National Park (SGNP), Argentina. This study describes the temporal dynamics of the ... ...

Abstract	Sarcoptic mange epidemics can devastate wildlife populations. In 2014, mange was first detected in vicuñas (Vicugna vicugna) and guanacos (Lama guanicoe) in San Guillermo National Park (SGNP), Argentina. This study describes the temporal dynamics of the outbreak, its effects on the park's wild camelid populations between 2017-2019, and investigates the potential source of the epidemic. From May 2017 to June 2018, transect surveys indicated a sharp decrease in the density of living vicuñas and guanacos by 68% and 77%, respectively. By April 2019 no vicuñas or guanacos were recorded on transect surveys, suggesting their near-extinction in the park. Clinical signs consistent with mange (e.g., intense scratching, hyperkeratosis, alopecia) were observed in 24% of living vicuñas (n = 478) and 33% of living guanacos (n = 12) during surveys, as well as in 94% of vicuña carcasses (n = 124) and 85% of guanaco carcasses (n = 20) examined. Sarcoptes scabiei was identified as the causal agent by skin scrapings, and the cutaneous lesions were characterized by histopathology (n = 15). Genetic characterization revealed that mites recovered from seven vicuñas (n = 13) and three guanacos (n = 11) shared the same genotype, which is consistent with a single source and recent origin of the epidemic. Tracing the potential source, we identified a governmental livestock incentive program which introduced llamas (Lama glama) in areas adjacent to SGNP in 2009, some of which had alopecic scaling consistent with sarcoptic mange. Though at the time of our study no llamas with mange were available for confirmatory sampling, we hypothesize that the introduction of mange-infected llamas may have triggered the outbreak in wild camelids. This unprecedented event in SGNP had devastating effects on dominating herbivores with potentially profound cascading effects at the community and ecosystem levels.
MeSH term(s)	Parks, Recreational
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-21
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2267670-3
ISSN	1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
ISSN	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0256616
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Article ; Online: Increased prevalence of canine echinococcosis a decade after the discontinuation of a governmental deworming program in Tierra del Fuego, Southern Chile.

Eisenman, Eric James Lutz / Uhart, Marcela Maria / Kusch, Alejandro / Vila, Alejandro Ruben / Vanstreels, Ralph Eric Thijl / Mazet, Jonna Ann Keener / Briceño, Cristóbal

Zoonoses and public health

2022 Volume 70, Issue 3, Page(s) 213–222

Abstract: Hydatid disease is a neglected zoonotic parasitic disease caused by cysts of the tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus. Canids, especially domestic dogs, are definitive hosts of the parasite and are the most pragmatic targets for control programs. A ... ...

Abstract	Hydatid disease is a neglected zoonotic parasitic disease caused by cysts of the tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus. Canids, especially domestic dogs, are definitive hosts of the parasite and are the most pragmatic targets for control programs. A governmental dog deworming campaign was established in 1979 to control hydatidosis in southern Chile, which succeeded in reducing the prevalence of canine echinococcosis in Tierra del Fuego province from 68.4% (in 1978) to 1.2% (in 2002). In 2004, however, the program was dismantled to reduce costs, and since then, no follow-up echinococcosis monitoring has been conducted. We surveyed 356 domestic dogs and interviewed owners or workers at 45 ranches in Chilean Tierra del Fuego during the summer of 2015-2016. Faecal flotation was employed to detect Taeniidae eggs, and PCR was used to test faecal samples for Echinococcus granulosus. Taeniidae eggs and Echinococcus sp. DNA were detected in the faeces of 45.4% (147/324) and 6.9% (23/331) of dogs, respectively. Infrequent dog deworming and the presence of culpeo foxes (Lycalopex culpaeus) were significant predictors of the prevalence of Echinococcus sp. DNA and Taeniidae eggs. Furthermore, the presence of introduced chilla foxes (Lycalopex griseus), the municipality, and several operational characteristics of ranches (number of sheep, frequency of sheep slaughter, number of dogs, frequency of removal of dog faeces, feeding of dogs with sheep viscera) were also predictive of the prevalence of Taeniidae eggs. Our findings reveal an ongoing risk of echinococcosis with pathogen maintenance in ranch dogs in Chilean Tierra del Fuego, and in the absence of adequate control programmes, there is a tangible risk of re-emergence of hydatid disease as a public health concern.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Dogs ; Sheep ; Chile/epidemiology ; Foxes ; Prevalence ; Ovum ; Echinococcosis/epidemiology ; Echinococcosis/veterinary ; Echinococcus granulosus ; Zoonoses ; Dog Diseases/epidemiology ; Dog Diseases/parasitology ; Sheep Diseases/epidemiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-12-13
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2271118-1
ISSN	1863-2378 ; 1863-1959
ISSN (online)	1863-2378
ISSN	1863-1959
DOI	10.1111/zph.13017
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Article ; Online: Fetal growth, birth size and energetic cost of gestation in southern right whales.

Christiansen, Fredrik / Uhart, Marcela M / Bejder, Lars / Clapham, Phil / Ivashchenko, Yulia / Tormosov, Dmitry / Lewin, Nicolás / Sironi, Mariano

The Journal of physiology

2022 Volume 600, Issue 9, Page(s) 2245–2266

Abstract: The cost of reproduction greatly affects a species' life history strategy. Baleen whales exhibit some of the fastest offspring growth rates in the animal kingdom. We quantified the energetic cost of gestation for southern right whales (Eubalaena ... ...

Abstract	The cost of reproduction greatly affects a species' life history strategy. Baleen whales exhibit some of the fastest offspring growth rates in the animal kingdom. We quantified the energetic cost of gestation for southern right whales (Eubalaena australis) by combining whaling catch records of pregnant females with photogrammetry data on southern right whale mothers and calves from two breeding grounds in Argentina and Australia. The relationship between calf birth size and maternal length was determined from repeated measurements of individual females before and after giving birth. Fetal growth was determined from generalized linear models fitted to fetal length data from whaling operations between 1961 and 1967. Fetal length was converted to volume and mass, using the volume-to-length relationship of newborn southern right whales calves, and published tissue composition and energy content estimates. Fetal maintenance costs (heat of gestation) and the energy content of the placenta were predicted from published relationships and added to the fetal growth cost to calculate the total cost of gestation. Our findings showed that fetal growth rates and birth size increased linearly with maternal length, with calves being born at ∼35% maternal length. Fetal length increased curvilinearly through gestation, which resulted in an exponential increase in fetal volume and mass. Consequently, the cost of gestation was very low during the first (0.1% of total cost) and second trimester (4.9%), but increased rapidly during the last trimester (95.0%). The heat of gestation incurred the highest cost for pregnant females (73.8%), followed by fetal growth (21.2%) and the placental energy content (5.0%). KEY POINTS: Baleen whales exhibit some of the fastest fetal growth rates in the animal kingdom. Despite this, the energetic cost of gestation is largely unknown, as well as the influence of maternal body size on fetal growth rates and calf birth sizes. We combined historical whaling records and drone photogrammetry data to determine fetal growth rates and birth sizes in southern right whales (Eubalaena australis), from which we estimated the cost of gestation. Calf birth size, and consequent fetal growth rates, increased positively with maternal body size. The cost of gestation was negligible for southern right whale females during the first two trimesters, but increased rapidly during the last trimester. These results show that late gestation incurs a significant cost for baleen whale females, and needs to be accounted for in bioenergetic models.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Female ; Fetal Development ; Parturition ; Placenta ; Pregnancy ; Reproduction ; Whales
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-05
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	3115-x
ISSN	1469-7793 ; 0022-3751
ISSN (online)	1469-7793
ISSN	0022-3751
DOI	10.1113/JP282351
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Article ; Online: Exploring the relationship between environmental drivers and the manifestation of fibropapillomatosis in green turtles (Chelonia mydas) in eastern Brazil.

Vanstreels, Ralph E T / Durant, Alexis / Santos, Allan P / Santos, Robson G / Sarmiento, Angélica M S / Rossi, Silmara / Setim, Fabiola E / Gattamorta, Marco A / Matushima, Eliana R / Mayorga, Luis F S P / Uhart, Marcela M

PloS one

2023 Volume 18, Issue 8, Page(s) e0290312

Abstract: Fibropapillomatosis (FP) is a disease characterized by epithelial tumors that can impede life-sustaining activities of sea turtles, especially green turtles (Chelonia mydas). FP is caused by a herpesvirus, but environmental factors are also thought to ... ...

Abstract	Fibropapillomatosis (FP) is a disease characterized by epithelial tumors that can impede life-sustaining activities of sea turtles, especially green turtles (Chelonia mydas). FP is caused by a herpesvirus, but environmental factors are also thought to play a role in triggering FP tumor growth. In this study, we evaluate the epidemiology of FP tumors in green turtles along the coast of Espírito Santo, Brazil, a region where juvenile green turtles are known to aggregate with high FP prevalence. A dataset comprising 2024 beach-cast green turtles recorded through daily beach surveys on 400 km of coastline from 2018 to 2021 (inclusive) was evaluated. FP tumors were recorded in 40.9% of the individuals in this dataset, and presence of FP tumors was predicted by individual variables (presence of marine leeches, stranding code, curved carapace length, body mass-size residual) and characteristics of the stranding site (distance to nearest metallurgical plant, mean sea surface salinity (SSS), annual range of sea surface temperature (SST)). Additionally, a second dataset comprising detailed information about the size and anatomical distribution of tumors in 271 green turtles with FP from the same region was evaluated. Hierarchical clustering analysis revealed these turtles could be classified in three groups according to the anatomical distribution of their tumors, and in turn the group to which each turtle was assigned could be predicted by the study period (2010-2014 vs. 2018-2022) and by characteristics of the stranding/capture site (green turtle stranding density, mean sea surface chlorophyll-a concentration, mean SSS, mean SST, annual range of SST). These results corroborate that individual and environmental factors play a significant role driving FP epidemiology. Furthermore, the results suggest that rather than behaving as a single entity, FP may be seen as a mosaic of distinct anatomical patterns that are not necessarily driven by the same environmental factors.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Brazil/epidemiology ; Turtles ; Animal Shells ; Body Size ; Carcinoma
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-24
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2267670-3
ISSN	1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
ISSN	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0290312
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