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Article ; Online: Zn doped iron oxide nanoparticles with high magnetization and photothermal efficiency for cancer treatment.

Kasparis, Georgios / Sangnier, Anouchka Plan / Wang, Lilin / Efstathiou, Christoforos / LaGrow, Alec P / Sergides, Andreas / Wilhelm, Claire / Thanh, Nguyen Thi Kim

Journal of materials chemistry. B

2023 Volume 11, Issue 4, Page(s) 787–801

Abstract: Magnetic nanoparticles (NPs) are powerful agents to induce hyperthermia in tumours upon the application of an alternating magnetic field or an infrared laser. Dopants have been investigated to alter different properties of materials. Herein, the effect ... ...

Abstract	Magnetic nanoparticles (NPs) are powerful agents to induce hyperthermia in tumours upon the application of an alternating magnetic field or an infrared laser. Dopants have been investigated to alter different properties of materials. Herein, the effect of zinc doping into iron oxide NPs on their magnetic properties and structural characteristics has been investigated in-depth. A high temperature reaction with autogenous pressure was used to prepare iron oxide and zinc ferrite NPs of same size and morphology for direct comparison. Pressure was key in obtaining high quality nanocrystals with reduced lattice strain (27% less) and enhanced magnetic properties. Zn
MeSH term(s)	Cell Line, Tumor ; Hyperthermia, Induced/methods ; Magnetite Nanoparticles/chemistry ; Zinc/pharmacology ; Neoplasms
Chemical Substances	ferrite (1317-54-0) ; ferric oxide (1K09F3G675) ; Magnetite Nanoparticles ; Zinc (J41CSQ7QDS)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-25
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2702241-9
ISSN	2050-7518 ; 2050-750X
ISSN (online)	2050-7518
ISSN	2050-750X
DOI	10.1039/d2tb01338j
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Article ; Online: Assessing the Effects of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury on Vestibular Home Exercise Performance with Wearable Sensors.

Campbell, Kody R / Wilhelm, Jennifer L / Antonellis, Prokopios / Scanlan, Kathleen T / Pettigrew, Natalie C / Martini, Douglas N / Chesnutt, James C / King, Laurie A

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)

2023 Volume 23, Issue 24

Abstract: After a mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), dizziness and balance problems are frequently reported, affecting individuals' daily lives and functioning. Vestibular rehabilitation is a standard treatment approach for addressing these issues, but its ... ...

Abstract	After a mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), dizziness and balance problems are frequently reported, affecting individuals' daily lives and functioning. Vestibular rehabilitation is a standard treatment approach for addressing these issues, but its efficacy in this population remains inconclusive. A potential reason for suboptimal outcomes is the lack of objective monitoring of exercise performance, which is crucial for therapeutic success. This study utilized wearable inertial measurement units (IMUs) to quantify exercise performance in individuals with mTBI during home-based vestibular rehabilitation exercises. Seventy-three people with mTBI and fifty healthy controls were enrolled. Vestibular exercises were performed, and IMUs measured forehead and sternum velocities and range of motions. The mTBI group demonstrated a slower forehead peak angular velocity in all exercises, which may be a compensatory strategy to manage balance issues or symptom exacerbation. Additionally, the mTBI group exhibited a larger forehead range of motion during specific exercises, potentially linked to proprioceptive deficits. These findings emphasize the usefulness of utilizing IMUs to monitor the quality of home-based vestibular exercises for individuals with mTBI and the potential for IMUs improving rehabilitation outcomes.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Brain Concussion/diagnosis ; Exercise ; Exercise Therapy ; Treatment Outcome ; Wearable Electronic Devices
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-16
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2052857-7
ISSN	1424-8220 ; 1424-8220
ISSN (online)	1424-8220
ISSN	1424-8220
DOI	10.3390/s23249860
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Article ; Online: Exercise Intolerance After Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Occurs in All Subtypes in the Adult Population.

Antonellis, Prokopios / Campbell, Kody R / Wilhelm, Jennifer L / Shaw, Jesse D / Chesnutt, James C / King, Laurie A

Journal of neurotrauma

2023 Volume 41, Issue 5-6, Page(s) 635–645

Abstract: Thematically grouped symptom clusters are present during the acute timeline of post-mild traumatic brain injuries (mTBI), representing clinical profiles called subtypes. Exercise intolerance has not been evaluated within the subtype classifications and, ... ...

Abstract	Thematically grouped symptom clusters are present during the acute timeline of post-mild traumatic brain injuries (mTBI), representing clinical profiles called subtypes. Exercise intolerance has not been evaluated within the subtype classifications and, because guidelines support early submaximal aerobic exercise, further knowledge is required in regard to the exercise capabilities among the concussion subtypes. This cross-sectional study (
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Humans ; Brain Concussion ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Exercise ; Exercise Therapy ; Affect
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-15
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	645092-1
ISSN	1557-9042 ; 0897-7151
ISSN (online)	1557-9042
ISSN	0897-7151
DOI	10.1089/neu.2023.0168
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Article ; Online: Balance telerehabilitation and wearable technology for people with Parkinson's disease (TelePD trial).

Silva-Batista, Carla / Wilhelm, Jennifer L / Scanlan, Kathleen T / Stojak, Margaret / Carlson-Kuhta, Patricia / Chen, Siting / Liu, William / de la Huerta, Tomas Nicolás García / Horak, Fay B / Mancini, Martina / King, Laurie A

BMC neurology

2023 Volume 23, Issue 1, Page(s) 368

Abstract: Background: Balance impairments, that lead to falls, are one of the main symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD). Telerehabilitation is becoming more common for people with PD; however, balance is particularly challenging to assess and treat virtually. The ...

Abstract	Background: Balance impairments, that lead to falls, are one of the main symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD). Telerehabilitation is becoming more common for people with PD; however, balance is particularly challenging to assess and treat virtually. The feasibility and efficacy of virtual assessment and virtual treatment of balance in people with PD are unknown. The present study protocol has three aims: I) to determine if a virtual balance and gait assessment (instrumented L-shape mobility test) with wearable sensors can predict a gold-standard, in-person clinical assessment of balance, the Mini Balance Evaluation Systems Test (Mini-BESTest); II) to explore the effects of 12 sessions of balance telerehabilitation and unsupervised home exercises on balance, gait, executive function, and clinical scales; and III) to explore if improvements after balance telerehabilitation transfer to daily-life mobility, as measured by instrumented socks with inertial sensors worn for 7 days. Methods: The TelePD Trial is a prospective, single-center, parallel-group, single-blind, pilot, randomized, controlled trial. This trial will enroll 80 eligible people with PD. Participants will be randomized at a 1:1 ratio into receiving home-based balance exercises in either: 1) balance telerehabilitation (experimental group, n = 40) or 2) unsupervised exercises (control group, n = 40). Both groups will perform 12 sessions of exercise at home that are 60 min long. The primary outcome will be Mini-BESTest. The secondary outcomes will be upper and lower body gait metrics from a prescribed task (instrumented L-shape mobility test); daily-life mobility measures over 7 days with wearable sensors in socks, instrumented executive function tests, and clinical scales. Baseline testing and 7 days of daily-life mobility measurement will occur before and after the intervention period. Conclusion: The TelePD Trial will be the first to explore the usefulness of using wearable sensor-based measures of balance and gait remotely to assess balance, the feasibility and efficacy of balance telerehabilitation in people with PD, and the translation of balance improvements after telerehabilitation to daily-life mobility. These results will help to develop a more effective home-based balance telerehabilitation and virtual assessment that can be used remotely in people with balance impairments. Trial registration: This trial was prospectively registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05680597).
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Exercise Therapy/methods ; Parkinson Disease/complications ; Postural Balance ; Prospective Studies ; Single-Blind Method ; Telerehabilitation/methods ; Wearable Electronic Devices ; Pilot Projects
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-13
Publishing country	England
Document type	Randomized Controlled Trial ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2041347-6
ISSN	1471-2377 ; 1471-2377
ISSN (online)	1471-2377
ISSN	1471-2377
DOI	10.1186/s12883-023-03403-3
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Article ; Online: A New Advanced MRI Biomarker for Remyelinated Lesions in Multiple Sclerosis.

Rahmanzadeh, Reza / Galbusera, Riccardo / Lu, Po-Jui / Bahn, Erik / Weigel, Matthias / Barakovic, Muhamed / Franz, Jonas / Nguyen, Thanh D / Spincemaille, Pascal / Schiavi, Simona / Daducci, Alessandro / La Rosa, Francesco / Absinta, Martina / Sati, Pascal / Bach Cuadra, Meritxell / Radue, Ernst-Wilhelm / Leppert, David / Kuhle, Jens / Kappos, Ludwig /

Brück, Wolfgang / Reich, Daniel S / Stadelmann, Christine / Wang, Yi / Granziera, Cristina

Annals of neurology

2022 Volume 92, Issue 3, Page(s) 486–502

Abstract: ... higher mean MWF and NDI values compared to other QSM lesion types (p < 0.0001). Further, at 2-year follow ...

Abstract	Objectives: Neuropathological studies have shown that multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions are heterogeneous in terms of myelin/axon damage and repair as well as iron content. However, it remains a challenge to identify specific chronic lesion types, especially remyelinated lesions, in vivo in patients with MS. Methods: We performed 3 studies: (1) a cross-sectional study in a prospective cohort of 115 patients with MS and 76 healthy controls, who underwent 3 T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM), myelin water fraction (MWF), and neurite density index (NDI) maps. White matter (WM) lesions in QSM were classified into 5 QSM lesion types (iso-intense, hypo-intense, hyperintense, lesions with hypo-intense rims, and lesions with paramagnetic rim legions [PRLs]); (2) a longitudinal study of 40 patients with MS to study the evolution of lesions over 2 years; (3) a postmortem histopathology-QSM validation study in 3 brains of patients with MS to assess the accuracy of QSM classification to identify neuropathological lesion types in 63 WM lesions. Results: At baseline, hypo- and isointense lesions showed higher mean MWF and NDI values compared to other QSM lesion types (p < 0.0001). Further, at 2-year follow-up, hypo-/iso-intense lesions showed an increase in MWF. Postmortem analyses revealed that QSM highly accurately identifies (1) fully remyelinated areas as hypo-/iso-intense (sensitivity = 88.89% and specificity = 100%), (2) chronic inactive lesions as hyperintense (sensitivity = 71.43% and specificity = 92.00%), and (3) chronic active/smoldering lesions as PRLs (sensitivity = 92.86% and specificity = 86.36%). Interpretation: These results provide the first evidence that it is possible to distinguish chronic MS lesions in a clinical setting, hereby supporting with new biomarkers to develop and assess remyelinating treatments. ANN NEUROL 2022;92:486-502.
MeSH term(s)	Biomarkers ; Brain/pathology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Humans ; Longitudinal Studies ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods ; Multiple Sclerosis/diagnostic imaging ; Multiple Sclerosis/pathology ; Prospective Studies ; Water
Chemical Substances	Biomarkers ; Water (059QF0KO0R)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-07-13
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	80362-5
ISSN	1531-8249 ; 0364-5134
ISSN (online)	1531-8249
ISSN	0364-5134
DOI	10.1002/ana.26441
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Zs.A 1370: Show issues			Location: Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand) bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (1.OG) ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)
Zs.MO 478: Show issues

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Book: Wie können wir werden, die wir sind?

Kaminski, Katharina

Bildung, Person und Psychotherapie

2019

Author's details	Katharina Kaminski
Keywords	TIEFENPSYCHOLOGIE: Tiefenpsychologie ; SELBSTERKENNTNIS: Selbsterkenntnis ; EROS: Eros ; PSYCHOTHERAPIE: Psychotherapie ; ETHIK: Ethik ; BILDUNG: Bildung ; KULTUR: Kultur ; GND-ID 4112763-8: Bildungsideal ; LERNEN: Lernen ; FRAGENDE HALTUNG: fragende Haltung ; Socrates ; Plato ; Humboldt, Wilhelm von ; Nietzsche, Friedrich ; Erkenntnis ; Wissen ; Patient ; Entwicklung ; Tiefenpsychologie ; Psychotherapie
Subject	Behandlung ; Psychologische Behandlung ; Ursprung ; Entwicklungsstadium ; Patienten ; Kenntnis ; Kenntnisse
Subject code	616.891401
Language	German
Size	178 Seiten, 24 cm
Edition	[1. Auflage]
Publisher	V & R unipress
Publishing place	Göttingen
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Book
HBZ-ID	HT020133815
ISBN	978-3-8471-0931-0 ; 3-8471-0931-6 ; 9783847009313 ; 3847009311
Database	Catalogue ZB MED Medicine, Health

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2019 A 900	available for loan (reading room)	Lesesaal EG

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Article ; Online: Exploring Age and Sex Patterns for Rehabilitation Referrals After a Concussion: A Retrospective Analysis.

Martini, Douglas N / Wilhelm, Jennifer / Lee, Lindsey / Brumbach, Barbara H / Chesnutt, James / Skorseth, Paige / King, Laurie A

Archives of rehabilitation research and clinical translation

2022 Volume 4, Issue 2, Page(s) 100183

Abstract: Objective: To explore patterns of postconcussion care at a level 1 trauma center.: Design: Retrospective cohort study.: Setting: U.S. level 1 trauma center and local satellite units.: Participants: Patients of any age with a concussion ... ...

Abstract	Objective: To explore patterns of postconcussion care at a level 1 trauma center. Design: Retrospective cohort study. Setting: U.S. level 1 trauma center and local satellite units. Participants: Patients of any age with a concussion diagnosis that reported to level 1 trauma center and local satellite units between 2016 and 2018 (N=2417). Intervention: Not applicable. Main outcome measures: Age, sex, point of entry, rehabilitation referrals, and pre-existing comorbidity diagnosis. Results: Patient age (mean [SD]) significantly differed among points of entry, from youngest to oldest: 26.0 (14.0) years in sports medicine, 29.3 (23.0) years in the emergency department, 34.6 (23.6) years at primary care providers, and 46.0 (19.7) years at specialty care departments. Sex also significantly differed among points of entry; emergency departments reported more men (55.6%), whereas the other points of entry reported more women (59.3%-65.6%). Patients were more likely to receive a referral from sports medicine (odds ratio [OR] Conclusions: Point of entry, age, sex, and preexisting comorbidities are associated with postconcussion care rehabilitation referral patterns. Improving concussion education dissemination across all entry points of a level 1 trauma center may standardize the postconcussion rehabilitation referral patterns, potentially improving the time to recovery from a concussion.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-31
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2590-1095
ISSN (online)	2590-1095
DOI	10.1016/j.arrct.2022.100183
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Article ; Online: Twenty-four-hour Normothermic Ex Vivo Heart Perfusion With Low Flow Functional Assessment in an Adult Porcine Model.

Spencer, Brianna L / Wilhelm, Spencer K / Urrea, Kristopher A / Chakrabortty, Vikramjit / Sewera, Sebastian / Mazur, Daniel E / Niman, Joseph B / Bartlett, Robert H / Rojas-Peña, Alvaro / Drake, Daniel H

Transplantation

2024

Abstract: ... versus 156 ± 70 mg/dL, P = 0.37).: Conclusions: A novel model using intermittent LA perfusion ... to 6 h. This report describes intermittent left atrial (LA) perfusion that allows cardiac functional ... Langendorff). After 1 h of resuscitation and recovery, LA perfusion was initiated and the heart was ...

Abstract	Background: Cold static storage and normothermic ex vivo heart perfusion are routinely limited to 6 h. This report describes intermittent left atrial (LA) perfusion that allows cardiac functional assessment in a working heart mode. Methods: Using our adult porcine model, general anesthesia was induced and a complete cardiectomy was performed following cardioplegic arrest. Back-table instrumentation was completed and normothermic ex vivo heart perfusion (NEHP) was initiated in a nonworking heart mode (Langendorff). After 1 h of resuscitation and recovery, LA perfusion was initiated and the heart was transitioned to a coronary flow-only working heart mode for 30 min. Baseline working heart parameters were documented and the heart was returned to nonworking mode. Working heart assessments were performed for 30 min every 6 h for 24 h. Results: Twenty-four-hour NEHP on 9 consecutive hearts (280 ± 42.1 g) was successful and no significant differences were found between working heart parameters at baseline and after 24 h of perfusion. There was no difference between initial and final measurements of LA mean pressures (5.0 ± 3.1 versus 9.0 ± 6.5 mm Hg, P = 0.22), left ventricular systolic pressures (44.3 ± 7.2 versus 39.1 ± 9.0 mm Hg, P = 0.13), mean aortic pressures (30.9 ± 5.8 versus 28.1 ± 8.1 mm Hg, P = 0.37), and coronary resistance (0.174 ± 0.046 versus 0.173 ± 0.066 mL/min/g, P = 0.90). There were also no significant differences between lactate (2.4 ± 0.5 versus 2.6 ± 0.4 mmol/L, P = 0.17) and glucose (173 ± 75 versus 156 ± 70 mg/dL, P = 0.37). Conclusions: A novel model using intermittent LA perfusion to create a coronary flow-only working heart mode for assessment of ex vivo cardiac function has been successfully developed.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-27
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	208424-7
ISSN	1534-6080 ; 0041-1337
ISSN (online)	1534-6080
ISSN	0041-1337
DOI	10.1097/TP.0000000000004956
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Zs.A 488: Show issues			Location: Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand) bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (1.OG) ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)
Zs.MO 509: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Myelin and axon pathology in multiple sclerosis assessed by myelin water and multi-shell diffusion imaging.

Rahmanzadeh, Reza / Lu, Po-Jui / Barakovic, Muhamed / Weigel, Matthias / Maggi, Pietro / Nguyen, Thanh D / Schiavi, Simona / Daducci, Alessandro / La Rosa, Francesco / Schaedelin, Sabine / Absinta, Martina / Reich, Daniel S / Sati, Pascal / Wang, Yi / Bach Cuadra, Meritxell / Radue, Ernst-Wilhelm / Kuhle, Jens / Kappos, Ludwig / Granziera, Cristina

Brain : a journal of neurology

2021 Volume 144, Issue 6, Page(s) 1684–1696

Abstract: ... with healthy (P < 0.0001) and peri-plaque white matter (P < 0.0001). Periventricular lesions showed decreased ... myelin water fraction and neurite density index compared with lesions in the juxtacortical region (P < 0 ... 0001 and P < 0.05). Similarly, lesions with paramagnetic rims showed decreased myelin water fraction ...

Abstract	Damage to the myelin sheath and the neuroaxonal unit is a cardinal feature of multiple sclerosis; however, a detailed characterization of the interaction between myelin and axon damage in vivo remains challenging. We applied myelin water and multi-shell diffusion imaging to quantify the relative damage to myelin and axons (i) among different lesion types; (ii) in normal-appearing tissue; and (iii) across multiple sclerosis clinical subtypes and healthy controls. We also assessed the relation of focal myelin/axon damage with disability and serum neurofilament light chain as a global biological measure of neuroaxonal damage. Ninety-one multiple sclerosis patients (62 relapsing-remitting, 29 progressive) and 72 healthy controls were enrolled in the study. Differences in myelin water fraction and neurite density index were substantial when lesions were compared to healthy control subjects and normal-appearing multiple sclerosis tissue: both white matter and cortical lesions exhibited a decreased myelin water fraction and neurite density index compared with healthy (P < 0.0001) and peri-plaque white matter (P < 0.0001). Periventricular lesions showed decreased myelin water fraction and neurite density index compared with lesions in the juxtacortical region (P < 0.0001 and P < 0.05). Similarly, lesions with paramagnetic rims showed decreased myelin water fraction and neurite density index relative to lesions without a rim (P < 0.0001). Also, in 75% of white matter lesions, the reduction in neurite density index was higher than the reduction in the myelin water fraction. Besides, normal-appearing white and grey matter revealed diffuse reduction of myelin water fraction and neurite density index in multiple sclerosis compared to healthy controls (P < 0.01). Further, a more extensive reduction in myelin water fraction and neurite density index in normal-appearing cortex was observed in progressive versus relapsing-remitting participants. Neurite density index in white matter lesions correlated with disability in patients with clinical deficits (P < 0.01, beta = -10.00); and neurite density index and myelin water fraction in white matter lesions were associated to serum neurofilament light chain in the entire patient cohort (P < 0.01, beta = -3.60 and P < 0.01, beta = 0.13, respectively). These findings suggest that (i) myelin and axon pathology in multiple sclerosis is extensive in both lesions and normal-appearing tissue; (ii) particular types of lesions exhibit more damage to myelin and axons than others; (iii) progressive patients differ from relapsing-remitting patients because of more extensive axon/myelin damage in the cortex; and (iv) myelin and axon pathology in lesions is related to disability in patients with clinical deficits and global measures of neuroaxonal damage.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Axons/pathology ; Brain/diagnostic imaging ; Brain/pathology ; Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods ; Female ; Humans ; Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted/methods ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Multiple Sclerosis/diagnostic imaging ; Multiple Sclerosis/pathology ; Myelin Sheath/pathology ; Neuroimaging/methods ; Water
Chemical Substances	Water (059QF0KO0R)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-03-05
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	80072-7
ISSN	1460-2156 ; 0006-8950
ISSN (online)	1460-2156
ISSN	0006-8950
DOI	10.1093/brain/awab088
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Article: Exposure to Ozone Downregulates Bcl-2 and Increases Executing Caspases-3 and -8 in the Hippocampus, Frontal Cortex, and Cerebellum of Rats.

Rodríguez-Quintero, Paola / Rubio-Osornio, Moisés / Uribe, Eric / Moreno, Wilhelm / Marín-Castañeda, Luis A / Morales, Zayra / Portila, Alonso / Vázquez, David / Rubio, Carmen

Cureus

2024 Volume 16, Issue 2, Page(s) e54546

Abstract: Introduction Ozone (O3) is one of the most prevalent atmospheric pollutants, arising from a photochemical reaction between volatile organic compounds (VOC), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and sunlight. O3 triggers oxidative stress, resulting in lipid oxidation, ... ...

Abstract	Introduction Ozone (O3) is one of the most prevalent atmospheric pollutants, arising from a photochemical reaction between volatile organic compounds (VOC), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and sunlight. O3 triggers oxidative stress, resulting in lipid oxidation, inflammation, alterations in metabolic and cellular signaling, and potentially initiating cell death in vulnerable brain regions. Inflammation and oxidative stress are recognized for their ability to induce cell death, primarily through the apoptosis pathway, involving various proteins that participate in this process via two pathways: intrinsic and extrinsic. Objective This study aims to identify the expression of pro-apoptotic proteins and Bcl-2 in the frontal cortex, cerebellum, and hippocampus of rats exposed to O3 acutely. Methods Two groups of 20 Wistar rodents (250-300 g) were established. The control group (n=10) was exposed to unrestricted polluted air for 12 hours, while the experimental group (n=10) was exposed to 1 ppm of O3. After exposure, the animals were sacrificed for immunofluorescence and Western blot analysis. Using a t-test, the arbitrary units of pro-apoptotic proteins and Bcl-2 were compared between the two groups. Results Significant increases in caspase-8 and caspase-3 activation were found in the O3-exposed group compared to the control group, specifically in the frontal cortex, cerebellum, and hippocampus. Additionally, notable changes in Bcl-2 expression were observed in these brain regions. The TUNEL (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling) assay further indicated significant differences in immunopositivity between the groups in the same areas. However, intrinsic apoptotic proteins such as Bax, VDAC1, and cytochrome-c did not show significant differences between the groups within these structures. Western blot analyses aligned with the immunofluorescence results, showing statistically significant concentrations of caspase-8 in the cerebellum, caspase-3 in the hippocampus, and Bcl-2 in the frontal cortex in the O3 exposed group. Conversely, proteins like Bax, cytochrome-c, and VDAC1 did not exhibit significant differences in all analyzed structures. Conclusions This study demonstrates that acute exposure to 1 ppm of ozone can trigger neuronal apoptosis in the frontal cortex, hippocampus, and cerebellum of rats, primarily through the activation of the extrinsic apoptosis pathway via caspase-8 and caspase-3. Additionally, it causes a reduction in Bcl-2 expression, an essential antiapoptotic protein. Despite not observing the activation of intrinsic pathway proteins like BAX, VDAC, or cytochrome-c, the study suggests that chronic O3 exposure might promote cell death by activating this pathway, requiring further long-term research.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-20
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2747273-5
ISSN	2168-8184
ISSN	2168-8184
DOI	10.7759/cureus.54546
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